Russia has announced that it is developing a specialized washing machine for astronauts to use in space. The announcement came from a missile, spaceship and space station manufacturer RKK.
Normal washing machines require gravity to function, not to mention significant amounts of water that has to be stored somewhere and increases weight — they are not suitable for space missions (任务). This means that astronauts cannot wash their clothes and either have to pack enough for their whole trip or rely on costly resupply missions and throw used items into space.
Crewmembers taking part in long-term missions on the International Space Station (ISS) often end up wearing the same garments for several continuous days and just change into new ones when they get dirty. Aside from this issue, wearing dirty clothes can be uncomfortable for the astronauts and could also provide perfect conditions for dangerous bacteria to grow and spread.
RKK has previously outlined plans for a space washing machine in a Russian space industry journal paper published in 2017. In the paper, the authors estimated (估计) that 1,450 pounds of clothes are surprisingly transported to the ISS every year to cover the requirements of just three astronauts. And this quantity could increase to three tons for a two-year voyage to Mars involving six crewmembers and could increase the costs and complexity of a mission.
The Russian scientists said that, instead of water, the washing machine would use the carbon dioxide produced by the astronauts’ breathing in the spaceship. Special technology would then turn the gas into a liquid under high pressure in order to clean the clothes.
The Russian designs are not the first proposals for a space washing machine. NASA has previously made a model of a low-power, low-water washing device (设备) which was designed to work in the microgravity of low-Earth orbit or that of the moon or Mars.
1.Normal washing machines are not suitable in the spaceship mainly because __________.
A.they lead to serious space pollution
B.they make some bacteria spread
C.they require gravity to function
D.they increase the weight of the spaceship
2.What might be the biggest advantage of the specialized washing machine?
A.Helping astronauts dry their clothes.
B.Having a competition against NASA.
C.Making the missions cheaper and easier.
D.Getting astronauts to adapt to the environment.
3.Where can astronauts get the liquid for washing clothes in the spaceship?
A.From the water tank in the spaceship. B.From the outer space.
C.From the recycling water in the spaceship. D.From the gas carbon dioxide.
4.What does the text mainly talk about?
A.Russia is developing a space washing machine.
B.A space washing machine has been used in Russia.
C.NASA’s made a model of a space washing machine.
D.RKK transports tons of clothes to astronauts in space.
George: Our capital city sums up our culture. London's skyline is justly famous for the different buildings that can be seen such as the Post Office Tower, the “Gherkin” and the Tower of London, to name just a few. Finally, there is Big Ben and the House of Parliament where the government is based. England does have a monarchy (君主) but it is really the government that is in power. London is particularly great on 5th November when we celebrate Guy Fawkes Night. This was the night in 1605 when Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the Parliament. On that night every year the sky around London is full of fireworks.
Yoshi: Because our country is a group of islands, most of our food comes from the sea and we are particularly famous for our raw fish. Noodles and rice are also important. Japanese food has changed very little through the ages. For example, it is still considered correct to eat with chopsticks instead of a knife and a fork. It is also expected that before we staff eating we say “itadakimasu”. We even say it to ourselves when we are alone. English people can find this strange when eating with us. There is no translation really, the best being “I shall receive”, but that doesn't mean much I suppose.
Helen: The Isles of Scilly is not really a different country but it certainly has a different way of life and that life is controlled by the world around us. Our islands are not very inviting. They are very rocky with lots of hills and valleys and it is almost impossible to get away from the sea. It is also very, very windy here because it is the place where the Atlantic begins. However, it is also very beautiful and the summers are great. On the Isles of Scilly we believe in living close to nature. We still live a quite traditional life on the island and we take great care to preserve the natural character of the islands.
1.The author writes the passage to .
A.provide tourist information B.introduce various cultures
C.attract more students from overseas D.explain some historical events
2.What happened in London in 1605?
A.Guy Fawkes set off fireworks in parliament.
B.People began to celebrate Guy Fawkes Night.
C.The Parliament narrowly escaped being exploded.
D.The sky around London was full of fireworks on 5th November.
3.Yoshi tells about Japanese culture mainly through their .
A.food B.architecture
C.climate D.religion
4.What does Helen say about the Isles of Scilly?
A.It is rich in natural resources.
B.People there like to invite visitors to their homes.
C.It has quite a few scenic spots.
D.People there enjoy living close to the nature.
假设你是营养专家，请你根据下面的内容写一篇题目为 “Top Meal of the Day”的文章登在营养杂志上。
现状:许多高中学生不吃早餐（skip breakfast），其结果不仅影响白天的学习，而且导致身体变差。
原因:1.认为早餐不重要，可有可无；
2.早晨时间匆忙，为了节省时间不吃早晨；
3.女孩为了减肥而不吃早晨。
建议:每位学生都应该每天吃早餐。原因……（自定，至少两个）。
要求：1. 请按照要求使文章内容充实，上下文连贯通顺；
2. 词数：100左右。
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I have received and read your letter, in which you mention that you wanted to lose weight by diet.
It is only naturally that young girls at your age hope to look beautiful. However, in my opinion, healthy is more important than beauty. For a student, studying is the first thing to consider while appearance is second. So do not let others’ opinions to affect your normal life. Therefore, if you do want to lose weight, it is a good idea to do it by getting more exercise and changing unhealthy eating habits. The most important thing is how you keep a healthy state of mind, as it will help with our studies, and will also help you overcome difficulties in dieting.
I hope my advices will be helpful to you and I’m looking forward to your next letter.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
You may not know the name John Smith Pemberton, but you must know the name of his1.(invent):Coca-Cola.
Pemberton was a US chemist. When he was wounded in the Civil War, he used medicine to ease the pain and gradually got2. (addict) to it. To light the addiction, he created his own drink by3. (use) leaves of coca and nuts of kola. He named4.，“Pemberton’s French Wine Coca”. In the same year, the local government passed a ban on alcohol. Pemberton had to change the recipe to remove the alcohol.
In 1886, Pemberton invited Willis Venable to help him perfect his new recipe. They used carbonated water and finally invented a new drink. It had no alcohol5.could still ease pain and clear the mind. Pemberton decided to sell it6.a drink rather than a medicine. In 1887, Pemberton sold part of the stock of his company to Asa Candler,7.later created the Coca-Cola Company.
Nowadays. Coca-Cola has become one of the most popular8.(drink) in the world. The company only offers semi-finished products to partners and won’t sell the9.(origin) ingredients (成分).Its secret recipe was kept in the Sun Trust Bank in Atlanta for 86 years until the end of 2011. Since then, it10.(keep) in the World of Coca-Cola center in Atlanta.
The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers.
Starbucks literally changed the definition of “a good cup of coffee”. For Starbucks, the brand had three elements: coffee, ________ and stores. Strict control over the quality and processing of the beans ________ that the coffee would be of the highest possible quality. Outstanding store personnel were employed and trained in coffee knowledge and ________ service. Store design, atmosphere and aroma (浓香) all ________ the “Starbucks Experience”.
Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled. Starbucks prided itself on the “Starbucks Experience”, ________ coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers.
_____ those traditional coffee houses providing you with the grab-and-go service, Starbucks provides you with more than coffee. You get great people, first-rate music, a comfortable and upbeat meeting place, and ________ advice on brewing excellent coffee at home. At home you’re part of a family. At work you’re part of a company. And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself. That’s what a Starbucks store has been ________ to creating for its customers — a kind of “third place” where they can ________, reflect, read, chat or listen.
The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea. It was designed by Terry Heckler, who got the ________ from the wooden statue of the sea. Mermaid logo also ________ original and modern meanings: her face is very simple, but with modern abstract forms of packaging; the middle is black and white, the only color on the outside surrounded by a circle.
Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of ______: the visual warmth, hearing the way, smelling the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think, through the huge glass windows, watching the crowded streets, ________ sipping a coffee flavor, which is in line with the “Yapi”, the feeling of experience in the ________ life.
But the ________ of Starbucks is not about the coffee, although it’s great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier. Coffee consumption, to a great extent, is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.
1.A.people B.managers C.customers D.clients
2.A.assured B.promised C.ensured D.predicted
3.A.emergency B.environment C.employment D.customer
4.A.consisted of B.benefited from C.contributed to D.headed for
5.A.going beyond B.coming across C.making up D.depending on
6.A.With regard to B.In addition to C.Compared with D.In terms of
7.A.general B.reasonable C.legal D.fascinating
8.A.committed B.alerted C.subjected D.required
9.A.negotiate B.perform C.conceal D.escape
10.A.imagination B.inspiration C.patent D.philosophy
11.A.creates B.cultivates C.credits D.conveys
12.A.brand B.logo C.possession D.experience
13.A.greedily B.gently C.persistently D.indifferently
14.A.busy B.easy C.miserable D.energetic
15.A.product B.vision C.essence D.importance
