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    In the summer of 1964, a well-known writer and editor Norman Cousins became very ill. His body _________, and it was difficult for him to even move around. He__ his physician, who did many tests.

___, he was diagnosed as having ankylosing spondylitis(强直性脊柱炎), a very serious and____ form of arthritis(关节炎). He was told he had only a 1 in 500 chance of__.

____ the diagnosis, Cousins was determined to overcome the disease. He had always been interested in __ and had read the work of Hans Selye, The Stress of Life (1956). This book discussed the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative attitudes. Selye’s book made Cousins think about the ___ benefits of positive attitudes and emotions. He thought, “__ negative emotions produce negative changes in the body, wouldn’t positive emotions produce positive chemical changes?”

He decided to concentrate on positive emotions as a treatment to___ some of the symptoms. In addition to his__ medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations that would produce positive emotions. “Laughter Therapy” became part of his treatment. He____ time each day for watching comedy films, reading humorous books, and doing other activities that would_____ laughter and positive emotions. Within eight days of starting his “Laughter Therapy” program, his___ began to decrease. His physical condition even _____. Within a few months’ time, he was able to walk ____ a metal brace. Soon after that, he was able to return to work. He___ reached complete recovery in a few years. He lived for 26 years after he became ill. He died in 1990 at the age of 75.

Skeptical readers may___ the doctor’s previous diagnosis, but Cousins believed his___ was the result of a mysterious mind-body interaction. His “Laughter Therapy” is a good example of one of the many___ medical treatments people look for today.

1.A.touched B.bled C.ached D.broke

2.A.discussed B.consulted C.observed D.checked

3.A.Eventually B.Hopefully C.Particularly D.Occasionally

4.A.respective B.defensive C.effective D.destructive

5.A.survival B.operation C.performance D.success

6.A.In case of B.In fear of C.In spite of D.In favor of

7.A.service B.medicine C.entertainment D.art

8.A.necessary B.suitable C.possible D.extra

9.A.If B.While C.As D.Unless

10.A.cure B.affect C.keep D.ease

11.A.common B.conventional C.casual D.comfortable

12.A.forced B.permitted C.delivered D.scheduled

13.A.bring about B.take up C.carry out D.result from

14.A.loss B.spirit C.illness D.pain

15.A.improved B.increased C.advanced D.repaired

16.A.dressing B.wearing C.holding D.putting

17.A.especially B.generally C.actually D.barely

18.A.require B.complain C.question D.explain

19.A.growth B.injury C.development D.recovery

20.A.available B.alternative C.ambitious D.admirable

    You are out of work. You hate your job.1.You are looking for your first job. Where do you start?

If you are like most Americans, you’ll probably email your resume to a lot of companies. You might search for job postings on the Internet. But experts say you won’t have much luck.

One thing you can do is read Richard Bolles’s What Color Is Your Parachute? This book is different from other job-hunting manuals. Bolles helps you find your ideal job: a job that fits you, a job that makes you happy. What kind of job is ideal for you? You need to have a clear picture in your mind of the job you want.2.

Bolles says that you must think about three things before you can find your ideal job:

1. Your skills. What do you like to do? What do you do well? Are you good at talking to groups? Growing vegetables? Teaching? Drawing on the computer?3. For example, a mother of four  children is probably good at managing people (children!). This woman may be a good manager.

2. 4. Where do you like to work? Do you like to work outside? At home? In an office? Alone or with others? What kinds of people do you like to work with?

3. Job rewards. How much money do you need? How much money do you want? Do you need a lot of vacation time?5. What makes you feel good about a job?

So, if you are looking for a job or if you have a job but want a new one, remember: Don’t just email your resume out to every company. Don’t just answer Internet job postings. And don’t wait for friends to give you a job.

A.Job setting.

B.Job description.

C.What else do you want from a job?

D.You aren’t satisfied with your career.

E.Bolles asks you to think about all your skills.

F.The book was first written in 1970.

G.The book has many exercises to help you draw this picture.

    There is a very long list of rules for the New York City subway. Don’t put your feet on a seat, don’t carry open cups of coffee or soda, don’t take more than one seat... Those are just a few of the rules. There are hundreds more.

With so many rules, why is it still unpleasant to ride the subway?

Some people think that the problem is that no one enforces the rules. Other passengers sometimes try to enforce rules. But you can’t rely on them because New Yorkers have unwritten rules against talking to strangers and making eye contact with strangers. How can you tell someone to take her shopping bags off the seat and throw away her Coke without talking to her or looking at her? It is difficult.

There are other New Yorkers who think that the subway is unpleasant because there are not enough rules. One rider wrote a letter to The New York Times a couple of weeks ago suggesting a few more subway rules. Here are some of the rules that she would like to see:

-Don’t lean on the poles. You prevent other people from holding on. They can fall down.

-Talk quietly. The trains are already too noisy.

-Give your seat to elderly passengers or to parents with small children.

If those unwritten rules of etiquette are written down, will the rude people be more likely to follow them? It doesn’t make sense to make more rules that no one will enforce.

The real problem is that we are forgetting how to be nice to each other. It is embarrassing that we need a rule to tell us to give our seat to elderly passengers. Nobody should need to be reminded to do that.

I say we stop talking about the rules and try to remember our manners. Let’s be nice to each other not because a police officer might tell us to get off the train, but because it is the right thing to do. Then New York City would be more civilized -both above ground and below.

1.Don’t make eye contact and don’t talk to strangers are examples of________.

A.New York subway rules B.personal preferences on the subway

C.behavioral habits in New York City D.unpleasant experiences on the subway

2.In the writer’s opinion, what measures should be taken?

A.The authority should set stricter rules.

B.The government should employ more police.

C.The citizens should ride the subway less.

D.Everyone should take better care of their behavior.

3.The underlined word “etiquette” is closest in meaning to____.

A.manners B.phenomena C.festivals D.moods

4.The author wrote this article in order to____.

A.introduce an unwritten rule for New Yorkers

B.describe an unpleasant ride on the subway.

C.present a real problem of disorder in the New York City.

D.give a civilized suggestion on improving the riding environment.

    Jacques-Yves Cousteau, the French explorer, once pointed out, “Population growth is the primary source of environmental damage.” Many experts are calling the growing problem of global waste a worldwide health crisis in that pollution from trash is not only harming the world’s oceans, air and soil but also endangering people’s health as well as the livelihood of all living creatures.

Reduce, reuse, recycle

Such a dilemma raises the question, is there a more responsible way of dealing with trash? Fortunately, there is. Living a zero-waste lifestyle is the way to go. One example of this is what’s often called the three R’s: reduce, reuse, recycle. Reducing the use of plastic containers as well as reusing and recycling bottles and cans decreases the amount of garbage being sent to landfills. As a result, less money is spent on waste management, and countries’ financial burdens are significantly relieved. Such positive effects on an economy is known as a circular economy.

Circular economy

Traditionally, manufacturers would make a product to be used and disposed of by consumers. This linear model of production offered no help in the fight against global waste. Alternatively, a circular economy was introduced. Once a product’s value is exhausted, the materials are recycled and returned to manufacturers. The outcome is less waste. One large-scale example of this is happening on the island of Taiwan.

4-in-1 Recycling Program

In 1997, Taiwan established its signature 4-in-1 Recycling Program, consisting of communities, recycling companies, government cleaning teams and the Recycling Fund. Residents separate their recyclable waste. The local government collection teams collect it. Recycling companies buy waste materials from them to make profits. Importers and manufacturers who are responsible for the recyclable products pay a fee into the Recycling Fund. The Recycling Fund is an essential aspect of the program used to subsidize(补贴) the recycling disposal system, support education and research and development as well as finance recycling efforts in the future.

Turning garbage into gold

By following a circular system, more products than ever are being manufactured using recycled materials. Environmentally-friendly decisions like these help to conserve natural resources, reduce pollution, save landfill space and even create new job opportunities. Recycling can truly turn garbage into gold.

1.According to the passage, the biggest challenge facing the world today is________ .

A.the rapid growth of population B.the overdeveloped manufacture

C.the world’s large amount of trash D.inappropriate use of plastic products

2.What is the aim of bringing in circular economy?

A.To save land and create wealth.

B.To minimize waste and restore used materials.

C.To support research and speed development.

D.To rid poor habits and encourage a new lifestyle.

3.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?

A.Zero-Waste, Full Recycle B.Circular Economy In Action

C.The World’s Recycling Companies D.A Worldsize Environmental Crisis

    For years, I have advocated the importance of hard work, determination, persistence, and practice as key ingredients of success. Malcolm Gladwell, who has written The Story of Success, seems to support my theory. He says it takes about 10,000 hours of practice to attain true expertise.

“The people at the very top don’t just work harder than everyone else,” Gladwell writes. “They work much, much harder.” Achievement, he says, is talent plus preparation. Preparation seems to play a bigger role.

For example, he describes the Beatles: They had been together seven years before their famous arrival in America. They spent a lot of time playing in clubs, sometimes for as long as eight hours a night. Overnight success? Not exactly. Estimates are that the band performed 1,200 times before their big success in 1964. By comparison, most bands don’t perform 1,200 times in their careers.

Neurologist Daniel Levitin has studied the formula for success extensively and shares this finding: “The emerging picture from such studies is that 10,000 hours of practice is required to achieve the level of mastery associated with being a world-class expert in anything. In study after study of composers, basketball players, fiction writers, ice skaters, concert pianists, chess players, the number comes up again and again. Of course, this doesn’t address why some people get more out of their practice sessions than others do. But no one has yet found a case in which true world-class expertise was accomplished in less time. It seems it takes the brain a long time to digest all that it needs to know to achieve true mastery.”

Two computer giants, Bill Joy, who co-founded Sun Microsystems, and Bill Gates, co-founder of Microsoft, also were proof of the 10,000-hour theory.

The abilities these people possessed were far-ranging, yet the formula for success was the same: hard work and lots of it. Some people just make it look easy. Of course, you probably didn’t see the first 9,999 hours of hard work.

1.According to the passage, what made Beatles different from most other bands?

A.Their great talent. B.Their persistent effort.

C.Their charming looks. D.Their outstanding achievements.

2.How does the author support the theme of the text?

A.By stating arguments. B.By giving examples.

C.By providing statistical data. D.By making comparisons.

3.According to the passage, the opinions that Malcolm Gladwell may agree with include the following EXCEPT that____ .

A.life is full of ups and downs

B.work transforms talent into genius

C.success takes hard work and devotion

D.the way to learn to do things is to do things