Living with your parents has its benefits at least when it comes to raising your kids― their grandkids. Two new studies add to the evidence that grandmothers can enhance the survival of grandchildren. That is, unless grandma's too old or lives too far away.
Humans are unusual in that the females live long past the age at which they stop having babies. Patrick Bergeron, professor of biology at Bishop's University in Quebec, said that most of the organisms will reproduce up to their very last moment. This increase is often explained by the so-called "grandmother effect". He thinks there could still be a benefit for women who stop having babies to increase their genetic footprint by helping their daughters to raise larger families.
To explore the "grandmother effect" hypothesis （假设），Bergeron and his colleagues examined nearly 200 years' worth of French-Canadian population records from the 17th and 18th centuries. "At the time, life was tough. In some years, a third o£ the kids were not even making it to one year of age.” But the researchers found that having a grandmother still alive was a definite plus."Families with grandmothers alive were larger by about two and the survival of these grandchildren to age 15 was much improved."
This beneficial effect was only seen when the matriarchs （女家长）lived nearby. That role is tougher for them to fulfills as they get older in poor health, which brings us to the second study. The researchers found that the benefits associated with having a grandmother on hand depended on her age. Once manna hit 75, the grandchild survival benefit disappeared. This was almost certainly due to some form of indirect resource competition, though, rather than wickedness （邪恶）on the part of co- resident grandmothers.
So a healthy grandma helps make for a healthy grandchild. If ',over the river and through the woods to grandmother's house" isn't too long a trip.
1.What's the second paragraph mainly about?
A.Differences between animals and human beings.
B.Disadvantages of living with grandmas
C.Grandmothers' influence on the kids.
D.What's called“grandmother effect”.
2.How does the writer describe about the French-Canadian population more than three hundred years ago?
A.By voicing opinions. B.By providing facts.
C.By giving examples. D.By telling stories.
3.What can we infer from the second study?
A.Society should be concerned about the old women.
B.Grandmothers over 75 years old are unwilling to help.
C.Some grandmothers may occupy kids' relative recourses.
D.Some grandmothers are getting wicked after they are old.
4.Which of the following can be the most helpful grandmother according to the passage?
A.A healthy one living nearby. ,
B.A healthy one living abroad.
C.An old one living in a nursing home.
D.A knowledgeable one living together.
Instagram（图片分享社交应用程序）is about to take its biggest step toward removing likes from its platform. After months of testing an option to hide likes in select international markets, Instagram, which is owned by Facebook（FB）, has already been testing hiding likes in seven other countries, including Canada, Ireland and Australia. For years, likes have been central to how celebrities, brands, politicians and everyday users experience Instagram and Facebook. It's a way of measuring popularity and success. But in recent months, Instagram has been rethinking how likes contribute to making its platform more toxic. Now it's considering a change.
The total number of likes on posts — which appear as hearts on the app ——will disappear from Instagram's main feed, profile pages and permalink（永久链接）pages. The owner of the account can still see their own likes, but their followers won't know the count.
CNN Business previously spoke with users in countries with the test. The majority felt this move would improve well-being on the app. Instagram is the most detrimental（不利的，有害的）social networking app for young people's mental health, such as negatively impacting body image, according to one study.
But other users and psychologists said hiding likes won't fix everything. The test doesn't address some of the key ways that activity on Instagram can impact the well-being of users, including bullying, feeling left out and thinking other people's lives are better than their own.
Renee Engeln, a psychology professor at Northwestern University, voiced his opinion that the biggest impact of Instagram is the content and the exposure to this constant stream of perfected images is what seems to hurt psychologically. Plus, users can still see their own likes ——and feel badly if their posts don't perform well.
1.How do users experience Instagram in this passage?
A.By giving likes. B.By hiding likes.
C.By selecting platforms. D.By showing off talents.
2.The underlined word “toxic” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ”.
A.profitable B.poisonous
C.popular D.positive
3.What can we infer from the passage?
A.Instagram has affected youngsters' mental health.
B.The account owners won't know the count o£ likes.
C.Instagram tested hiding likes in seven countries first.
D.The majority think Instagram has been a well-being app.
4.What could be the best title of the passage?
A.Instagram Misuses Likes
B.More People Are Against Likes
C.Likes Cause Mental Problems
D.Likes will Be Hidden on Instagram
He really did look like a tourist, with a camera around his neck and a bottle of sunscreen cream sticking out of his bag. The fat man sat on the terrace （平台），sipping lemonade and pretending to look at a tourism brochure. His sunglasses masked his eyes, but I knew he wasn't looking at the brochure: he hadn't turned a page for the last ten minutes. As I brought him his dishes, he coughed up a "thank you" and looked at me briefly. I tried not to stare at the tiny scar across his left eyebrow.
I walked back inside with my empty tray, shaking my head. He looked familiar, but I couldn't quite place him. Then it hit me. The car accident. The mysterious stranger who helped me out of my crashed car, just before it exploded. I rushed back to his table. He was gone.
I moved his saucer and found his tip, along with a card：I am deeply grateful to you. The night o£ your car accident, I was on my way to rob a jewelry store. Saving your life brought things back in a right way. I now live an honest life, thanks to you. God bless you! Mr. D.
I shivered（震颤）.The night of my car accident, I was heading for an interview in an illegal dance club. Seeing human kindness through his heroic gesture turned my life around and brought faith back into my life. I unfolded the tip he left. Among the singles was a grand （—千块）with a pen mark underlining “In God We Trust.”I said a silent prayer for him and got back to work, smiling.
1.Why did the fat man look like a tourist?
A.Because he used money not the same as the locals.
B.Because he carried what tourists usually have on.
C.Because he doesn't look like a native citizen.
D.Because he ordered strange food and drinks.
2.How did the writer knew the man didn't read the brochure?
A.He was drinking all the time.
B.He sat still with his sunglasses.
C.The page remained unturned.
D.He was staring at the writer.
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.They kept in touch with each other since then.
B.The writer had been searching for the man.
C.The man became a rich man years later.
D.The writer didn't go to that interview.
4.What is their attitude towards each other?
A.Sympathetic. B.Grateful.
C.Worried. D.Trusty.
The city of Toronto is the capital of Ontario and is a popular tourist destination with its beautiful city attractions, activities, sights, and so much more to enjoy. During your time in the city, you can find theme parks, historic locations, beautiful nature areas, and great shopping opportunities. Prepare for an unforgettable vacation to the city with many of the locations listed below.
Popular Toronto, ON Attractions
Canada's Wonderland
This amazing 330-acre theme park allows for the entire family to enjoy their time in the city of Toronto, Ontario. The park offers a variety of rides for all ages including thrilling rides and roller coasters, family areas and rides featuring over 25 attractions and rides, and amazing live shows to enjoy during your visit. During the warmer months, the park also includes a 20-acre water park to cool off and relax together with fun slides, pools, and more. To make the park a full-day adventure, there are multiple dining options as well for a bite to eat when hunger sets in.
Toronto Helicopter Tours
The city of Toronto has a lot to offer from its skyline including historic locations, skyscrapers, and more. With Toronto Helicopter Tours, you can see all of these amazing sights from high above the sky for the perfect bird’s eye view of the city. Your experienced guide will provide a live commentary （报导）along the way to point out points of interest, as well as give fun facts and information about certain areas. The tour will be the perfect opportunity to get photos of the city and of your travels as you fly up to 2,000 feet over the beautiful downtown Toronto sky.
Hop On - Hop Off City Tour
See the beautiful city of Toronto with this amazing hop on and hop off city tour. This city tour allows you to get around the city in an one-of-a-kind way to see many popular locations in the downtown area. The tour allows you to hop off at any time to see the sites and then hop on again to continue getting around the city. The full tour without hopping off takes 2 hours if you are wanting to get a great overview o£ the city to decide where to go first as well as get great photos from the double decker bus. Locations along the way of the tour include the Bata Shoe Museum, Casa Loma, Dundas Square, Park Hyatt, CN Tower, Union Station, Harbourfront, Distillery District, and so much more.
1.Where can our family get fun in a water park on a hot day?
A.Canada's Wonderland B.Toronto Helicopter Tours
C.Hop On-Hop Off City Tour D.CN Tower
2.What can you experience in the helicopter tour?
A.Thrilling rides and roller coasters.
B.Driving a plane as a pilot.
C.2 hours of getting around the city.
D.A great overlook of the city.
3.What place cans Hop On - Hop Off City Tour lead visitors to in the passage?
A.The downtown area. B.Toronto's Universities
C.The Theme Park. D.Ontario's other areas
假定你是李华，你班计划组织主题为“培养毅力（ perseverance）快乐学习” 的远足活动，请你写一封电子邮件，邀请外教Bert，一起参加。内容包括：
1. 时间和地点；
2. 远足路线；
3. 所需物品。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。
Dear Mr Bert,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。
The flag raising ceremony. has, existed since I go to school. Even if I have been in high school, I still need to wakeup early and stand out in a line with my classmates. Because the special task on Monday, most students should sleep early for better preparation for a ceremony. When the flags rises, everybody keeps quiet. As national anthem (国歌) is broadcasting, a strong emotion flows in my heart. And a sense of pride natural comes along and the love for their country strengthens. The flag- raising ceremony have been part of our life, and we get used to attend it.
