Are you content with the shape of your nose? If not, the climate may be to blame, not your parents.
According to a recent study carried out by scientists from Pennsylvania State University, US, climate played a key role in shaping our noses.The findings were based on an examination of the size and shape of noses of 476 people from four regions — West Africa, East Asia, South Asia and Northern Europe, using 3D facial imaging technology.
“People have thought for a long time the difference in nose shape among humans across the world may have arisen as a result of natural selection because of climate，” Arslan Zaidi, one of the lead authors of the study, told The Guardian.But while previous studies were based on measurements from human skulls, Zaidi and his team looked at nose shape itself.
The result showed that wider noses are more common in warm and humid climate, while narrower noses are more common in cold and dry climate.That, Zaidi said, could be because narrower nasal passages help to increase the moisture (潮湿) content of air and warm it, which is easier on our lungs.This, in turn, led to a gradual decrease in nose width in populations living far away from the equator.
More studies are still needed to test the link between climate and nose shape, but Zaidi believes the current findings are valuable in understanding potential health issues.“As we become more of a global community, we are going to come across climate that we do not adapt to，” he told The Guardian.This means moving to a very different climate might increase the risk of breathing problems.
However, he added, “This may not be necessarily true for various reasons such as of modern medicine and the fact that our current climate is very different from what it used to be.”
1.From the passage we know most people from Singapore have noses.
A. wider B. narrower
C. smaller D. larger
2.Narrower noses are helpful to .
A. cool the air B. warm the air
C. take in more oxygen D. dry the air
3.What can be learned about the study?
A. Zaidi’s team measured human skulls using 3D technology.
B. The shape of our noses is determined by our parents.
C. Nose shape helps people adapt to the environment.
D. It’s certain that people will suffer from more breathing problems.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. What factors shape noses?
B. How to make your nose attractive?
C. Nose shape causes breathing problems
D. Climate shapes noses
It is easier to negotiate（谈判）first salary requirement because once you are insider, the organizational constraints influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don’t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth’s story.
I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle（小隔间）offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.
It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit （价值）, but “nice” isn’t a quality shared by most organizations. If you feel you deserve a good raise in pay, you’ll probably have to ask for it.
Performance is your best bargaining chip（筹码）when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to prove that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs（a new client or a sizable contract, for example）just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.
Use information as a bargaining chip coo. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?
Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.
1.According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should .
A. prove his ability B. give his boss a good impression
C. ask for as much money as he can D. ask for the salary he hopes to get
2.What can be inferred from Beth’s story?
A. Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.
B. If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.
C. People should not be content with what they have got.
D. People should be careful when negotiating for a job.
3.We can learn from the passage that .
A. unfairness exists in salary increases
B. most people are overworked and underpaid
C. one should avoid overstating one’s performance
D. most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises
4.To get a pay raise, a person should .
A. advertise himself on the job market
B. persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract
C. try to get inside information about the organization
D. do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions
In addition to being a financial success, Disneyland was a personal satisfaction to his founder Walt Disney. It expressed his ideas of all that is true and good and beautiful in this world. He never was tired of visiting the park himself, of expanding it and improving it. Even today, Disneyland is kept spotless. Every night, each street and walkway is washed, and workers with knives get down on their hands and knees to scrape (刮，擦) up chewing gum that has been dropped by visitors. (Visitors to the park are called “guests” never “customers”) Every year, some 800,000 plants are replaced because Disney refused to put up signs asking his “guests” not to step on them. All of this has reduced the profits, but it adds immeasurably to the attraction of the park. Undoubtedly it helps explain why an amazing fifty percent of the people who enter Disneyland’s gates have been there before.
The park’s general design contributes to the visitor’s pleasure. There are plenty of shade trees, much grass, and lots of cool water in ponds and lakes and rivers—all man-made. The park is divided into five sections. In one section, the visitor walks along an American Main Street as Disney remembered from his childhood. Another section (Tomorrow land) shows the world of the future. A third, Adventure land, satisfies the universal love of exploration. Still another, Fantasyland, takes the visitor into the dreamlike worlds made famous by Disney films. Finally there is Frontier land, which represents the Old west. It is possible, in a single day, to visit in imagination every continent and almost every historical period. There is something for every group.
Most of what has been said about Disneyland is also true of Walt Disney World. This is a second huge amusement park outside of Orlando, Florida, designed to thrill east-coast visitors as Disneyland has thrilled those in the west. Millions of children and adults have visited its Main Street, Magic Kingdom, and other unforgettable attractions.
1.From the 1st paragraph we learn that .
A. Disneyland is rather wasteful in that it often replaced the destroyed plants
B. many people’s visiting Disneyland again shows that it’s a nonprofitable place
C. Disneyland is mainly the realization of the values of its founder
D. Disneyland is well kept in order to earn maximum profits
2.Visitors to Disneyland .
A. throw rubbish at random B. can step on the plants
C. are mostly self-centered D. never care about its efforts
3.If you want to get some knowledge of American history from Disneyland more extensively, you may first visit .
A. American Main Street B. Fantasyland
C. Adventure land D. Frontier land
4.Walt Disney World .
A. is another name for Disneyland B. has two attractive sections
C. is as attractive as Disneyland D. is designed for east-coast visitors only
Life Coaching Courses
Life coaching courses are perfect for individuals with excellent interpersonal skills and are willing to help people achieve their goals. The role of a Life Coach is to provide support and guidance for people looking forward to changing or improving a certain aspect of their life. This can be emotional or healthrelated and, in the overall sense, it can mean total life support and life coaching.
Life coaching courses available through NCC are below：
Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) Diploma
This qualityassured diploma in Emotional Freedom Technique is a form of emotional and psychological acupressure (指压), which makes use of a simple tapping routine coupled with statements made by the client (客户) to express how they feel about the problem in hand.
Price: WAS ￡ 550.00 NOW ￡ 440.00
Awarding Body: ABC Awards
Average Duration (持续时间): 200 hours
Course Support: 12 months access to the course
Health Coaching Diploma
The Health Coaching Level 3 Diploma course is appealing for those who wish to improve soft skills or the job that they already have. In addition, it is for those with a keen interest in health promotion.
Price: WAS ￡ 550.00 NOW ￡ 440.00
Awarding Body: ABC Awards
Average Duration: 200 hours
Course Support: 12 months access to the course
Life Coaching Diploma
The Life Coaching Diploma course aims to provide the learner with knowledge of how life coaching works and what a Life Coach does. It could be the beginning of a whole new life, not only for you, but for all your potential clients!
Price: WAS ￡ 408.00 NOW ￡ 326.40
Awarding Body: NCFE Certificate
Average Duration: 200 hours
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1.Who are life coaching courses intended for?
A. Those who have emotional needs.
B. Those who need a major life change.
C. Those who want to keep physical fitness.
D. Those who are good at socializing.
2.What can people learn from the Life Coaching Diploma course?
A. The job of Life Coaches.
B. The history of life coaching.
C. The way to develop soft skills.
D. The meaning of job promotion.
3.What do these life coaching courses have in common?
A. The courses all last for 12 hours on average.
B. A 20% discount is offered for each course now.
C. All the courses are given by experts in that field.
D. All participants can get a diploma from ABC Awards.
据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)统计，全球81%的青少年缺乏锻炼。假如你是李华，请根据以下要点用英语准备一篇发言稿，在一次国际中学生交流活动中发言。
1.缺乏运动的原因;
2.运动的好处;
3.如何制定运动计划。
注意:1.词数100字左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear fellow students,
According to the World Health Organization, 81% teenagers are lack of exercising.
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That's all. Thank you!
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\) 划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Sir/Madam,
I heartedly want to be a volunteer of yours. Here is something about you. I am a student who will graduate senior high school. I always regard my class as our family or sacrifice my personally interests whenever necessary. Besides take an active part in class activities, I work responsibly to build up a good reputation for the team, I respected all the people around me and I'm always willing to give a hand to those in need. I'm strict in myself, making every effort to achieve an all-round development. In time of difficult, I always keep strong minded.
In addition, I am good at English both in speaking and in writing. I was in an American host family for 20 days in the summer camp and know how to get along well with foreigners. Looking forward to your early reply.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
