阅读下面短文，回答文后的5个问题，并把答案写在答题卡上。每题答案不多于15词。
2018 Human Development Report
HDI: Human Development Index(人类发展指数)
[1] Looking back over almost three decades (十年), human beings have made impressive progress. Across the world, people are living longer, are more educated and have greater living chances. The average lifespan(寿命) is seven years longer than it was in 1990, and more than 130 countries have improved their primary education.
[2] Although HDI values are rising, the rising rates differ greatly. South Asia was the fastest growing region over 1990–2017, at 45.3 percent, followed by East Asia and the Pacific at 41.8 percent. And the OECD(经济合作与发展组织) countries grew 14.0 percent. It shows gaps(差距) across regions are hopefully to be reduced.
[3] But HDI growth has also slowed in all regions, particularly in the last decade. Part of the reason lies in the 2008–2009 global food, financial and economic problems. But part is simply that as human progress advances, slower HDI growth is unavoidable. As more countries reach the upper limits of HDI, measures of the quality of human development become more central.
[4] Progress since 1990 has not always been steady(稳定的). Some countries suffered great losses or even setbacks due to wars, diseases or economic problems. For example, many countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia saw their HDI values fall in the 1990s due to the fall of the Soviet Union(前苏联). Although faced with these challenges, countries in these regions recovered their losses and grew over the last two decades.
[5] In sum, there have been great advances in human development over the past few decades, especially in low human development countries since 1990. But some countries have suffered serious setbacks—sometimes paying the price of the gains of several decades. And the gaps in human development across countries, while narrowing, remain huge.
1.What’s the present situation of people according to 2018 Human Development Report?
2.The fact of different rising HDI rates gives us hope to ______.
3.Compared with the HDI growth, what is more important?
4.How do wars, diseases or economic problems affect human development?
5.Which paragraph is the topic paragraph?
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡上。
Every animal species has its own features. Some animals have the power to run 1. (fast) than sports cars, while others move very slowly.
But the slowest animal in the world is not the turtle, as we may think. It is the three-toed sloth(三趾树懒), 2.lives in the rainforests of South America.
Sloths can be 60 to 80 centimeters long and 3. (weigh) about eight kilograms. It takes them about one minute 4. (climb) only 1.8 to 2.4 meters. They sleep for more than 20 hours every day, staying in the trees most of the time. They come down from the trees to defecate (排便) just once a week. This is the most dangerous time for sloths , as they might 5. (attack) by their enemies, such as big cats.
Sloths may be slow climbers, but they are speedy 6. (swim). They can 7. (natural) float on the water. Since there are always floods in rainforests, the ability to swim is necessary to 8. (they) survival.
People might not be familiar with sloths before. It was because 9.the 2016 Disney film Zootopia that we began to be interested in this animal species. Its lovely image has left a deep 10. (impress) on almost every moviegoer.
请根据汉语意思及首字母将单词的完整形式写在答题卡上。
1.He said, “My mother seldom c ______ (抱怨) about daily cooking.”
2.An a ______ (辩论) is a discussion where a number of people put forward different opinions.
3.Tourism is the main source of i ______ (收入) in this area.
4.Diet and exercise are e ______ (同样地) important.
5.H ______ (诚实) is an important human quality.
6.Cartoon had existed for a long time in the a ______ (古代的) China.
7.We are proud to have been the first city to have r ______ (回收利用) our rubbish.
8.Not only is this the largest dam ever built, it is the largest c ______ (建设) project ever.
9.The law gives c ______ (公民) the right to vote.
10.The robbery o ______ (发生) in broad daylight, in a crowded street.
Along the Ring of Fire
Off the coast of Alaska, the lava rises through cracks (裂缝) at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. It flows like toothpaste pressed from a tube. Spreading and erupting, the earth slowly builds a new island.
Along the Pacific coast of South America, one part of the earth’s surface gradually moves toward another. Although difficult to believe, the rocky outer surface of Earth is not solid; rather, it is broken up into huge pieces called plates(板块). 1., the action can sometimes lead to volcanic activity.
These things take place thousands of miles apart, yet they are connected. Surrounding the Pacific Ocean is a circle of volcanoes that includes more than half of the world’s active volcanoes.2..
The Ring of Fire spreads from the west coast of South America northward to Alaska. It goes left at the Aleutian Islands and crosses the Pacific Ocean. Then it heads down the east coast of Asia toward New Zealand.
3.. In 1883 Krakatoa erupted four times. The third eruption was so loud that it could be clearly heard 3,000 miles away. Krakatoa threw a large dust cloud nearly 50 miles into the air. 4.. During four days in June, Pinatubo threw out more than 20 million tons of broken pieces into the air, destroying many homes.
Some volcanoes erupt more quietly, with lava flowing through the cracks in Earth’s surface. This type of volcano is found in Hawaii. 5..
A.This area is called the Ring of Fire
B.Although the plates are connected
C.As the plates move past one another
D.The Ring of Fire is also where most earthquakes happen
E.Major volcanic eruptions along the Ring of Fire make history
F.In 1991 Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted after 600 quiet years
G.Lava from a volcano tends to advance slowly but still causes great damage
From driving to landing on moon, more and more human tasks are being taken over by artificial intelligence(AI-人工智能). It will make everyday tasks easier and bring benefits to different industries.
And yet, like any other technology, AI will also bring risks and dangers. When people mention that AI could be dangerous, they think of the situation in films where an AI program decides to kill or enslave all humans. While this possibility is unlikely for now, there are many other dangers that AI could bring to mankind.
In February 2018, a group of AI experts got together to discuss the possible misuse of AI. What they found was that “Every AI advance by the good guys is an advance for the bad guys, too”. Their main worry was that criminals could use AI for many bad purposes, including using AI to create websites that could steal people’s personal information. Another possible risk was faster hacking(黑客)—AI programs could be taught to find weaknesses in software and break into computer systems. Some other risks were as dramatic as the ones we see in books and movies. For example, long-distant attacks could be made easier through the use of AI. And, finally, there were some worries on imitating voices as well. It is possible that AI could be used to make false photos and videos. In china, tech giant Baidu has developed a program called Deep Voice that can “clone” anyone’s voice by studying a 3.7-second audio sample (声音样本).
Many people in the tech world have expressed worry about AI. People like US businessmen Bill Gates and Elon Musk have called for the industry to be more strictly controlled, as there are few laws currently governing the use of AI. Famous British Physicist Stephen Hawking even thought AI could finally cause the end of mankind. “Once humans develop artificial intelligence, it will take off and redesign itself at an alarming rate. Humans…couldn’t compete and would be replaced.”
1.What cannot possibly be done by AI right now?
A.Driving cars. B.Landing on moon.
C.Playing games. D.Ruling all humans.
2.Which saying has a similar meaning with the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?
A.Every coin has two sides. B.Prevention is better than cure.
C.Risk nothing, gain nothing. D.One’s meat is another’s poison.
3.How many misuses of AI are mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A.One. B.Two.
C.Three. D.Four.
4.Why does the author mention Stephen Hawking’s words?
A.To show Hawking’s perfect prediction.
B.To strengthen the high position of Hawking.
C.To help readers understand the serious situation.
D.To introduce the famous scientist--Stephen Hawking.
5.What does the whole passage mainly talk about?
A.Risks and dangers of AI. B.Guidance of AI usage.
C.Advantages and disadvantages of AI. D.Development of AI industry.
Over the last two decades (十年), the Earth has seen an increase in vegetation (植被) and China and India are leading the increase in greening on land. The result comes mostly from tree planting programs in China and intensive agriculture(集约农业) in both countries.
Researchers from Boston University found that global green area has increased by 5% since the early 2000s, an area equal to the size of Amazon rainforest. Among the increased area, China and India contribute to about 33%, especially China, with 25% itself. China’s great contribution came mostly from its programs to protect and expand forests, which is about 42%. These programs were developed in an effort to reduce the effect of desertification, air pollution and climate change.
Another 32% of the greening change in China, and 82% in India, resulted from intensive agriculture of food crops. The land area used to grow crops in China and India has not changed much since the early 2000s. Yet both countries have greatly increased the total green area and food production in order to feed large populations. The lead author Chi Chen of Boston University said,
“That is a surprising finding, since it is generally believed that land degradation(退化) in populous countries is usually more serious.”
Rama Nemani, a research scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center, saw a positive message in the new findings. “Once people realize there is a problem, they tend to fix it,” However, the researchers rang bells as well. They pointed out that the gain did not necessarily fill up the loss of natural vegetation in tropical regions like Brazil and Indonesia.
1.What’s the first paragraph mainly about?
A.The earth is becoming a green land.
B.China and India are forest countries.
C.China and India matter in greening the Earth.
D.China and India develop intensive agriculture well.
2.Why is Amazon rainforest mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A.To show its importance to the planet.
B.To call on people to protect rainforests.
C.To clearly show the increased green area.
D.To be evidence of the lost natural vegetation.
3.What benefits can China’s tree planting programs bring?
① Reducing air pollution.
② Increasing rich land for crops.
③ Helping with climate control.
④ Controlling the desertification.
A.①②③ B.①③④
C.①②④ D.②③④
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Brazil and Indonesia do not protect their forests.
B.The findings discouraged belief of a green world.
C.Humans are creative enough to solve all problems.
D.More efforts are needed to protect natural vegetation.
5.Where does the text probably come from?
A.A newspaper. B.A travel brochure.
C.An interview. D.A geography textbook.
