Sometimes life is not about the destinat...

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Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart, was born in Kingfish, Oklahoma on March 29, 1918. He was raised in Missouri where he worked in his father’s store while attending school. This was his first retailing(零售业)experience and he really enjoyed it. After graduation, he began his own career as a retail merchant.

He soon opened his first Wal-Mart store in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas. Wal-Mart specialized in name brands at low prices and Sam Walton was surprised at the success. Soon a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America.

Walton’s management style was popular with employees and he founded some of the basic concepts of management that are still in use today.

After taking the company public in 1970, Walton introduced his “profit sharing plan”. The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profits of the store. Sam Walton believed that “individuals don’t win, teams do”. Employees at Wal-Mart stores were offered stock options(认股权)and store discounts. These benefits are commonplace today, but Walton was among the first to implement (实现) them. Walton believed that a happy employee meant happy customers and more sales. He also believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the company’s success, they would care about the company.

By the 1980s, Wal-Mart had sales of over one billion dollars and over three hundred stores across North America. Wal-Mart’s unique decentralized (分散的) distribution system, also Walton’s idea, created the edge needed to further encourage growth in the 1980s during growing complaints that the “superstore” was stopping smaller and traditional stores from developing. By 1991, Wal-Mart was the largest US retailer with 1,700 stores. Walton remained active in managing the company, as president and CEO until 1988 and chairman until his death. He was awarded the Medal of Freedom shortly before his death.

1.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?  (No more than 5 words)

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2.How did Walton’s first Wal-mart store achieve success?  (No more than 10 words)

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3.What’s the purpose of Walton’s carrying out “profit sharing plan”?  (No more than 15 words)

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4.What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?  (No more than 10 words)

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5.What do you think of Sam Walton? Give your reasons.  (No more than 20 words)

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    I moved to the Phoenix area in my early twenties, and to expand my social life I joined a young adult group at a church. Because I love music, I started singing in the choir (合唱队), where I met Lisa. We were about the same age. Finding people with similar interests helped reduce my feelings of loneliness after moving to a new city.

“Are you going to go on the retreat (静修)?” Lisa asked. Once or twice a year, the young adult group put on a retreat. I hesitated. I had little experience with retreats and I still felt like an outsider. “Come on,” Lisa said. “Everyone goes.” “Okay.” I agreed. After all, some cute guys were in the group. As the retreat weekend approached, I learned that the theme was forgiveness.

In my twenties, the world revolved(旋转)around me and what I wanted. And, as most people do, I learned how to be pleasant enough without giving in and having to apologize any more than necessary. In short, the forgiveness theme made me uncomfortable. I would attend the retreat, but I planned to sit quietly in the background and watch.

The retreat was held at a camp in Prescott, Arizona. The first night we gathered in the common room where we also ate our meals. According to the plan, I found a spot in the back where I could watch, unnoticed. The leader got up and spoke about the healing power of forgiveness. His words were touching. “Now comes the hard part,” he said. “I want to invite you to look into your hearts and if you feel moved to do so, go to a person here in the room and ask to be forgiven for something you’ve done.”

At the beginning, there was total silence. Was he kidding? Then Lisa stood up and made her way through the crowd toward me. Lisa planted her feet firmly in front of me. “Kathleen, I’d like to ask your forgiveness.” I shook my head. Then nodded, not sure how to respond. I felt the heat rise into my cheeks. I could hardly breathe knowing that everyone could hear and see all this. I had no idea what I was forgiving her for. I wanted her to just go away.

“I have been angry at how easily you joined our group. Even though you became my friend when we worked on music together, I still thought you were doing it for yourself. I’ve held that against you and I’m sorry.” “It’s okay,” I choked out. Stunned, I stood up, gave her an awkward hug and then sat back down. Lisa turned and went back to her seat. Lisa’s bravery broke the ice and everyone started to ask forgiveness for various injuries, some big, some small.

The world began to change for me. I learned empathy the day that Lisa asked my forgiveness. I had read To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee several times. But I realized that I had never understood the message Atticus Finch taught his children: “You never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them.” Through the years my friendships were better, stronger and deeper. I apologized and forgave quickly. Lisa allowed me the gift of friendship because her example taught me to forgive.

1.The author joined the adult group because she wanted to         .

A.have a better social life B.practice singing with her friends

C.learn the importance of forgiveness D.get to know more about her neighbors

2.Which of the following can describe the writer before she attended the retreat?

A.Self-confident. B.Dishonest.

C.Responsible. D.Self-centered.

3.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.The writer didn’t want to join the retreat at first.

B.The writer thought Lisa should say sorry to her.

C.The writer thought the leader of the retreat was funny.

D.The writer knew Lisa before she moved to the new city.

4.According to Paragraph 5, how did the writer feel when Lisa asked for forgiveness?

A.Scared. B.Curious.

C.Stressed. D.Satisfied.

5.What did Lisa apologize to the writer for?

A.That she made the writer feel lonely.

B.That she was envious of the writer.

C.That she once took advantage of the writer.

D.That she refused to make friends with the writer.

6.What does the underlined phrase “stand in his shoes” probably mean in the last paragraph?

A.try to apologize and forgive others B.get to know people’s true face

C.value the friendship with others D.place oneself in others’ position

If you are afraid of the dark，it’s not a big deal．It’s perfectly normal to feel afraid After all，animals do too. “Fear matters，”says Karen Warkentin，an ecologist．“It’s a good thing，” she adds, “because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”

Like kids，many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways．A frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell．A small fish will swim away when a big，hungry fish approaches．

Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect．The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying red—eyed tree frogs in Costa Rica.

In this species，female frogs attach jellylike clumps（果冻一样的块状物）of their eggs to the undersides of leaves．The leaves hang on branches that dangle（悬挂）over ponds．After they hatch from the eggs，the tadpoles（蝌蚪）then fall into the water，where they eventually grow into adult frogs.

Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching．If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.

If hatching early helps protect red—eyed tree frogs from snakes，you might wonder why their eggs don’t always hatch sooner．It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger．Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them too．Staying in their eggs for a full 6 days，then，allows frog embryos（胚胎）to grow big and strong．This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water．

1.It can be inferred from the passage that fears      .

A.help animals grow bigger and stronger

B.are less common among young animals

C.help animals move a lot to fit the environment

D.are more or less important in order for animals to survive

2.We are told in the passage that tree frogs        .

A.face danger both inside their eggs and in the water

B.will grow fast if they fall into the water later

C.are surprisingly clever when inside their eggs

D.stay in their eggs longer if they are frightened

3.Why do the tadpoles hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule？Because

A.They like falling into the water early

B.They want to grow into adult frog

C.They sense a hungry snake is about to attack

D.Frog embryos can grow strong

4.What is the best title of the passage?

A.What is Fear B.Why do we feel afraid

C.You feel afraid，animals do too D.Fear is a good thing

5.What do you think would be discussed in the following paragraph?

A.Further explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of schedule．

B.How the unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them．

C.Another example of animals that responds to fear in an unexpected way．

D.How tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water.

    Liminal: Tate Britain, Information desk; Every weekend 11:00-15:00, and on Thursdays during school holidays 26 July-31 August 2019; Free；No booking required. Liminal invites families into a physical, material and social experience of sculpture through touch. Created by artists Abigail Hunt and Kieren Reed. Suitable for all ages.

Guided Tours: Tate Liverpool; Every day at 15:00; Free; No booking required. Join one of our free daily guided tours to get an introduction to the Collection at Tate Liverpool. These tours are designed for individuals and small groups.

Under 5s Zone: Tate Modern, Bloomberg Interactive Zone and Under 5s Zone; Available at any time during gallery hours (10:00-18:00, Saturday-Thursday; 10:00-22:00, Friday); Free; No booking required. A new play space for under 5s and their families. The Under 5s Zone invites children on a creative and physical exploration of themes related to cubist artworks.

Open Studio: Tate Modern, Clore Learning Center; Every Saturday and Sunday 11:00-16:00, and on Thursdays and Fridays during the school holidays 26 July-31 August 2019; Free, No booking required. Visit Open Studio to experiment, play and create with ideas and materials before or after visiting the related artworks in the free collection displays.

Hepworth Family Activity Trail: Tate Modern, Barbara Hepworth Museum and Sculpture Garden; Available at any time during gallery hours (10:00-16:15, Tuesday-Sunday) $2; No booking required. Designed for adults and younger children to have fun together exploring this magical environment that was the artist’s home and studio, including the garden she created for her sculptures. Available from the Admissions Desk, Barbara Hepworth Museum. Price includes basic art materials.

Families at Art Dock: Tate Liverpool, Level 2 Galleries; Available at any time during gallery hours (10:00-17:50); Free; No booking required. Visit our family space at Art Dock in the first floor of the gallery, with beautiful views across the River Mersey. You can take time out from around the gallery to relax, play and create in this space, designed just for families! For all ages.

1.If you are free at 16:00 every Tuesday, you can choose to visit         .

A.Liminal & Under 5s Zone

B.Open Studio & Families at Art Dock

C.Guided Tours & Open Studios

D.Under 5s Zone & Hepworth Family Activity Trail

2.You can have a break and enjoy beautiful river views in         .

A.Open Studio B.Under 5s Zone

C.Families at Art Dock D.Hepworth Family Activity Trail

3.What can we learn from the passage?

A.Liminal is not suitable for children under 5.

B.Open Studio allows you to play with the artworks.

C.Hepworth Family Activity Trail displays one artist’s artworks.

D.Guided tours help you have a better understanding of cubist artworks.

4.The purpose of the passage is to         .

A.encourage you to display your own artworks

B.teach you how to create great artworks

C.help you understand famous artworks

D.introduce several art activities

    Many of us are quick to blame others for how we feel: “He makes me so mad!" or “She really hurt my feelings. "But did someone really" make me angry "or are we felling the anger in us getting kicked up in response to the way someone behaved towards us？

The difference between the two is in who the responsible party is for the way we feel. If we blame others for our feelings we will eventually feel reasonable at whatever our retaliation（报复）may be，and we will explain that it was their fault，not ours. "They were driving me mad”.

When we blame others for the way we feel we have in fact given power to others for the state of our emotional wellbeing（健康）. The truth is，no one controls our feelings but us. If we are finding that people in our lives really know how to" push our buttons" then we are not doing a good enough job at protecting our " buttons. "We are the ones leaving our buttons out in the open so that other people can" push them. "Ultimately，the switch for our buttons is inside us-not on the outside.

While there are some things in life that are clearly out of our control，like the weather or a flight that's two hours late，how we act and respond to other people's behavior is not among them. Our responses to others are well within our control.

If someone is "making us" so mad，for example，that we get angry，we are not doing enough to learn about what drives our anger and how to properly cope with it. My suggestion is taking time before you get angry. and putting some work into taking an inventory（清单）of the past. An inventory can show you how much of your past experiences influence your feeling reactions in the current moment.

When we finally realize that so much of our present feelings and reactions are driven from within ourselves and our own past experiences，we will be ready to make the changes in our lives that will better secure our buttons so that they are no longer left out in public for everyone to push at will.

1.What result will appear if we blame others for our emotions?

A.We consider others to be correct.

B.We consider ourselves to be correct.

C.We consider we were driving ourselves mad.

D.We consider they were driving themselves mad.

2.What's the author's attitude towards feelings?

A.We should blame others for the way we feel.

B.We should enable others to control our feelings.

C.We should let others know our daily life clearly.

D.We should control personal feelings ourselves.

3.According to the author, which can always be under our control?

A.The weather conditions.

B.The delay of a flight

C.Other people's feelings.

D.Our own behavior.

4.Which proverb best suits the author's advice in Paragraph 5?

A.A burden of one's choice is not felt.

B.A friend is easier lost than found.

C.Think twice before acting.

D.A good beginning is half done.

5.What does the underlined phrase "push our buttons" probably mean in Paragraph3?

A.Force us to do a god job.

B.Make us angry.

C.Take off our buttons.

D.Let us down.