If you're one of the millions of those who use escalators each year, you are probably deeply familiar with the vertical grooves（竖凹槽）that cover each stair. Few of us have stopped to consider why they exist, though. In fact, it's one of the everyday things we take for granted.
But it is a little complicating when you think about it. Sure, the deep, grey lines make an escalator's metal stairs more appealing to the eye. But regular stairs don't have grooves like these; why do escalators need them? Is it because of the movement?
It turns out those grooves serve a more functional purpose. And, yes, it does have to do with the movement, as well as with general cleanliness! Anyone who has ridden an escalator knows that the steps everlastingly circulate from the top to the bottom. You've surely noticed the ridged yellow lip at the top of the escalator. But here's what you may not have noticed: As an escalator's steps flatten, this ridge—also called the comb plate—sweeps away any trash or litter that might have fallen on the stairs. Those grooves lock the step and comb plate together, which makes it harder for any dangerous materials to slide underneath the lip. This prevents foreign objects from getting stuck in that gap, potentially causing the escalator to stop, or worse, break down completely.
That's not the only reason why the grooves were created, though. They are also a good place for water to pool together, protecting you from a bad fall on the slick surface.
So the next time you step on an escalator, take a moment to appreciate those metal grooves. They exist to make sure you get to your office meeting on time.
1.What are the first two paragraphs trying to say?
A.Millions of people use escalators every year.
B.Few people think much about the grooves.
C.Escalators are complicated machines.
D.Grooves make the stairs look better.
2.The ridge is mainly designed to____
A.clean off dangerous objects.
B. keep the stairs in movement.
C.flatten the steps.
D.lock the steps.
3.What does the underlined word "slick” mean in Paragraph 4?
A.Smooth. B.Sticky.
C.Steep. D.Slippery.
4.What's the passage mainly about?
A.The importance of escalators.
B.The reasons for grooves on stairs.
C.The look of grooves in escalators.
D.The safe ways of riding escalators.
Russ Fee was asleep inside his tent last summer in Canada's Banff National Park when a series of screams shocked him awake. Throwing on his shoes and grabbing a lantern his wife had handed him, he ran out to investigate. Despite the darkness, he could make out a neighboring tent. Backing out was a wolf, dragging something in his teeth—a man.
Moments earlier, Elisa and Matt, were asleep with their two young children when the wolf tore into their tent. "It was like something out of a horror movie," Elisa recalled. For three minutes, Matt threw his body in front of Elisa and the boys and fought against the wolf. At one point, Matt got the upper hand, but the wolf turned the tables and dragged Matt outside while Elisa was pulling on his legs trying to get him back.
It was then that Russ Fee entered the picture. He ran at the beast, kicking it in the hip. The wolf dropped Matt and emerged from the tent. Fee felt like he had hit someone that was way out of his weight class.
Before the wolf could turn its anger on Fee, Matt, his arms bloodied, restarted the battle. The men threw at the wolf with rocks, forcing it back. Then the families fled to the shelter of the Fees, minivan and called an ambulance.
"Attacks are so rare that a person here has a greater chance of being killed by a dog, lightning, a bee sting, or a car collision with a deer than being injured by a wolf" said Matt.
Fee did think about drawing back, if less heroic, during the heat of battle. The moment the wolf locked eyes with him, Fee said, "I immediately regretted kicking it."
1.What were the two families doing in the park?
A.They were making a horror movie. B.They were camping in the wild.
C.They were studying wolves. D.They were investigating the park.
2.How did Matt escape from the wolf?
A.By Fee's kicking the wolf from behind. B.By turning the table on the wolf.
C.By placing his hand tightly on the wolf. D.By his wife's pulling his legs.
3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 5?
A.Many deer are killed by vehicles. B.Dogs are people's friends in need.
C.Wolves seldom attack people there. D.People are often attacked by wolves.
4.Which word can best describe Fee in the story?
A.Brave. B.Responsible.
C.Indifferent. D.Clever.
UNIQUE AND WEIRD NEW YEAR EVE TRADITIONS
Germany
In some parts of Germany, they do bleigiessen, or lead （铅）pouring. Pour a dollop（团）of molten lead in cold water and whatever shape forms may be telling about the year to come. A heart shape, naturally, means love will come your way. A crown predicts wealth and fortune. A star indicates happiness. But if you see a cross in the lead? You're as good as dead!
Latin America
If you're in Latin America, make sure you have some colorful underpants to ring in the new year. End — of — the — year partiers put on colorful underwear to ensure certain types of outcomes for the following year. Red for love and yellow for success.
Naples, Italy
Neapolitans like throwing things out of windows, at least on New Year's Eve. Furniture, kitchen machines, grandma. Well, maybe not the last one. Let's hope not, anyway. This tradition is meant to symbolize an out — with — the — old gesture and getting a brand new beginning for the new year. These days people are a bit more mindful about what they toss down to the street below.
Spain
In 1909, winegrowers in the Alicante region of Spain had a brilliant idea: start and promote an annual tradition that would involve people having to buy and eat more grapes. One must cat 12 grapes on New Year's Eve to encourage prosperity for the coining year. Now, it's u popular custom in Iberia. But the problem is that one has to cat a grape for each bell strike at midnight.
1.What does a cross shape mean?
A.Love. B.Wealth.
C.Happiness. D.Misfortune.
2.What's new about Neapolitans' tradition?
A.They hate using furniture.
B.They throw their grandma out of windows.
C.They are more careful about what to throw.
D.They like making gestures in front of the window.
3.Which country has the tradition of eating grapes?
A.Germany. B.Brazil.
C.Italy. D.Spain.
假设你是晨光中学的学生李津。你所喜爱的英语杂志 Teens’ Spacec 创刊五周年，在此之际, 该杂志向读者征集对杂志的意见或给出建议，请你根据以下内容给杂志主编写一封信。
内容：① 说明你是该杂志的忠实读者；
② 说明你喜欢该杂志的原因；
③ 提出你的建议。注意：① 词数不少于 100；
② 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯;
③ 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Editor-in-chief,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Jin
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
In June 2011, my life changed and so did my family’s. I remember the day like it was yesterday. I came downstairs all ready for the family swim. Right before I got into the pool, my mom called me inside. She sat me down and waited for my dad and brothers to come to join us. Then, our parents told us the worst news imaginable-- my dad had been diagnosed with Stage III Colon Cancer(结肠癌).
The news hit hard of course. However, in my head, my dad was a superman. As his daughter, I knew that cancer wasn’t going to beat him. I just went out and swam.
As weeks went on, life didn’t change much within our house. My mom still went to work; my brothers and I still went to school; and my dad still worked while also meeting his doctor. However, I didn’t realized how much this new diagnosis was going to change my life.
As treatment progressed with my dad’s cancer, I couldn’t depend on him for things he usually did. And with my brothers being away at college, I had to take on a lot more responsibility. But that was not the hardest part of this new journey. It was the fear. The fear that I could lose my Dad. The fear that I could get a call saying that he was in bad condition. The fear that I could never talk to him again. Yet with all these fears, there was never a doubt in my mind that my dad would beat this cancer. He was a superman.
The day of my dad’s surgery finally came. It was Father’s Day and I had my soccer game that day. I won my battle on the field and my dad won his in the hospital.
May 2013, my dad was completely cancer free. Though this journey proved to be a few of the hardest years of my life, it also proved to me how wonderful my dad really is.
1.What happened to the author’s family in June 2011? (no more than 10 words)
2.How did the author behave after hearing the news from her mother? (no more than 10 words)
3.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “surgery” in Paragraph 6? (no more than 5 words)
4.When did the author’s father completely recover from cancer? (no more than 5 words)
5.What’s your father like? Please explain. (no more than 25 words)
Jennifer Udler was in the middle of a 50-minute session with a patient when it started to rain. Walking and talking about anxiety and stress, she and her teenage patient got wet. But when they made it back indoors, Jennifer said, “ Hey, look at us! We’re wet, but we got through it! Now you can use that next time you have anxiety before and during an event. ” This kind of insight is key to her practice.
Jennifer, a social worker whose practice focuses on adolescents, has been a therapist （治疗师 ）for 20 years. For most of that time, she practiced in a traditional office, but she noticed how easy it was for her running partners to open up about their problems. After doing some research, in 2013, Jennifer founded Positive Strides Therapy, where she conducts sessions while walking outdoors. She conducts all of her sessions outdoors and in all kinds of weather.
“When somebody asks me if I specialize in walking therapy, I say, ‘No, that’s how I practice,’ ” Udler said. “I specialize in family systems theory. Walking in the park is just where I practice. ”
Despite the lack of formal research, Jennifer believes strongly in the benefits, saying that it can be helpful. “We’ll be talking about ‘moving forward’ as we are actually moving forward on the path, building muscle memory of how they can move forward and leave the anxiety behind. ”
And outdoor walking therapy doesn’t just benefit teens. Jennifer says the adults in her practice welcome the humanizing effect of taking therapy outdoors.
1.What lesson did Jennifer teach her teenage patient through the rain?
A.Rain and suffering are a part of life.
B.She is ready to help the young man.
C.We can beat our difficulty after all.
D.Rain can help us deal with our trouble.
2.The underlined word “insight” in Paragraph 1 probably means .
A.qualification B.foresight
C.awareness D.prediction
3.How does Jennifer feel her therapy in her reply to people’s question?
A.Doubtful. B.Confident.
C.Unconcerned. D.Disappointed.
4.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A.The lack of formal research about the therapy.
B.Building physical memory of past experience.
C.Treating her teen patients in a traditional office.
D.Conducting walk — and — talk therapy for teens.
5.Why does Jennifer think her therapy will help her patients?
A.Walking outdoors is similar to managing worries.
B.Moving in the rain is a bit too difficult to tolerate.
C.The rain can make one excited and face the trouble.
D.Running in the rain or storm will make one healthy.
