Airborne dust is normally seen as an environmental problem, but the lack of it is making air pollution over China considerably worse.
A new study suggests less dust means more solar radiation hits the land surface,which reduces wind speed. That lack of wind in turn leads to an accumulation of air pollution over heavily populated parts of China. The researchers found that reduced dust levels cause a 13% increase in human-made pollution in the region.
Hundreds of millions of people across China continue to be impacted by air pollution from factories and coal-fl red power plants. Studies suggest that the dirty、air contributes to 1.6 million deaths a year, about 17% of all mortalities. But this new research says that the human-induced pollution is being made worse or better by naturally occurring dust that blows in from the Gobi desert. Using models to simulate 150 years of wind and dust patterns in the region, the researchers found that the dust deflects significant amounts of sunlight. Without it, more heat from the Sun hits the land. Differences in the temperatures between land and sea cause the winds to blow. Without the dust, the land warms up more and that changes the temperature differential with the sea leading to weaker breezes - and more air pollution.
“There are two dust sources. One is the Gobi and the other is the highlands of north-west China, but we found the Gobi had much more influence," said lead author Yang Yang, from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Washington State, US. “Less dust in the atmosphere causes more solar radiation to reach the surface. It weakens the temperature difference between the land and the sea and impacts the circulation of the winds and causes a stagnation over eastern- China and that causes an accumulation of air pollution.”
Another study has recently shown a link between declining Arctic sea ice and a major air pollution event in China. The authors of the new study believe that both theories could be true.
“Our study has the same mechanism: the weakening of winds causes more pollution, and what is behind this needs to be studied/ said Yang Yang, “We have two views on this kind of weakening of wind. They found the sea ice, we found the dust-wind interaction can also lead to weakening of the wind. I think both of them are important.”
The researchers believe that the study may inform broader questions about how natural human-created aerosols interact.
Many parts of the world, in addition to China, are now suffering from increased levels of air pollution and understanding how dust, winds and emissions work together may help limit some of the worst impacts of dirty air.
One of the key lessons from this study is that the absence of dusty conditions could mean the air you are breathing is worse for you, not better.
1.According to the new study, the formation of air pollution over heavily populated parts of China is due to_________.
A.the accumulation of dust B.the shortage of wind
C.the high level of living standards D.the rise of temperature
2.Whats the right sequence of cause and effect leading to the air pollution?
①the worse circulation of the winds
②more heat from the sun
③lessening temperature between the land and the sea
④less dust
⑤a worse stagnation
A.④②③①⑤ B.①④②⑤③
C.④①③②⑤ D.①⑤②④③
3.What might Yang Yang agree with?
A.Lack of dust from the highlands of north-west China means we can breathe better air.
B.There is little connection between declining Arctic sea ice and air pollution in China.
C.Declining Arctic sea ice and dust-wind interaction can cause weakening of the wind.
D.The interaction between dust, winds and emissions can worse dusty conditions.
Prospect Park Soiree
DESCRIPTION
Attend the most celebrated party of the year! We provide the entertainment and breathtaking setting, while you gather with thousands of friends—new and old—to enjoy an evening under the stars in Prospect Park.
Wear your most festive clothes, prepare a delicious feast, and dine and dance under the stars in one of Prospect Park's most secluded locations. Show off your creativity with a show-stopping topper —a fabulous hat— as well as table decor that celebrates the beautiful surroundings.
We are excited to introduce this year's entertainment!
Inspired by the Big Band Era of Jazz, Dandy Wellington and his Band have taken the sounds of the 1930's and 40's and created a world of well-dressed music. Post-dinner, enjoy a DJ dance party with DJ Cosmo Baker, who has played alongside artists as diverse as Drake, Jay-Z, Frank Ocean, The Roots, Erykah Badu, Pitbull, Trey Songz and Moby.
Proceeds benefit Prospect Park Alliance, the non-profit organization that sustains, restores ind advances Prospect Park for the benefit of the diverse communities that call Brooklyn home.
EVENT DETAILS:
5pm: Gates open
6pm: Dinner begins with live jazz of Dandy Wellington and his Band
8 pm: Dance party begins with a live set by DJ Cosmo Baker
10 pm: Soiree concludes
Learn more and view our event galleries!
Please note:
•Guests bring their own food and table decor. Tables and chairs are provided. •Tables each accommodate up to 10 guests.
•Groups of 20+ can contact us at soiree@prospectpark.org for assistance.
•Groups smaller than 10 people are encouraged to share tables.
•Prospect Park Soiree will take place, rain or shine.
•Help us keep the Park green: trash bags will be provided.
•Barbecues and other open flames are not allowed in Prospect Park. 'Tents and other structures are not permitted.
•Tickets are non-refundable, but are transferable.
1.What can we learn about Prospect Park Soiree?
A.People can attend Prospect Park Soiree for free.
B.People can camp in Prospect Park under the stars.
C.Live jazz and a DJ dance party are available to people.
D.Prospect C.Park Alliance provides financial support for it.
2.If you bring one friend to Prospect Park Soiree,________.
A.you'd better leave the park before midnight
B.You should contact the staff there in advance
C.you'd better introduce him / her to other participants
D.you will be advised to share a table with other people
A loving person lives in a loving world while a hostile person lives in a hostile world, Everyone you meet is your mirror.
Mirrors reflecting the___ have a very particular function. Just as a physical mirror serves as the tool of __ , so do all of the people in our lives.
When we see something __, such as a flower garden, green grass, a clear river etc, they serve as a reflection. In order to see the beauty in front of us, we must be able to see the beauty___ of ourselves. When we love someone, it’s a reflection of loving ourselves. Often, when we meet someone___，we feel as though we've known each other for a long time because of sharing __ .
Just as the "mirror" or other person can be a(an)____ reflection, it is more likely that we'll notice it when it has a negative connotation(含义).For example, it’s easy to___ times when we have met someone we don’t like. We may have some___ in our mind about the person. This is especially true when we get to know someone hateful, with whom we would rather____less time. Ironically, when we __ qualities in other people, ifs usually the mirror that’s speaking to us. I began___ myself further each time I met someone that I didn't particularly like. Each time, I asked myself "What is it about that person that I don't like?'' and ___"Is there something similar in me?". In every case, I could see a piece of that___ in me, and sometimes I had to think it over. So what did that mean?
It means that just as I can get___ or disturbed when 1 notice that aspect in someone else, I better reexamine my qualities and consider making some___. Even if I'm not willing to make an extreme change, at least I consider how I might ___some of the things that I'm doing.
Sometimes we meet someone strange and feel distant, disconnected, or disgusted. ___we don't want to believe it. and it’s not easy or desirable to look further, it can be a great learning lesson to___ out what part of the person is being reflected in you. It’s simply just another way to create more __.
1.A.image B.picture C.version D.figure
2.A.Calculation B.reaction C.reflection D.comprehension
3.A.ridiculous B.unbelievable C.concrete D.beautiful
4.A.beside B.inside C.alongside D.behind
5.A.familiar B.former C.stranger D.ordinary
6.A.opinions B.similarities C.virtues. D.characteristics
7.A.positive B.objective C.abstract D.psychological
8.A.remember B.assess C.regret D.accept
9.A.recognition B.affection C.suspicion D.criticism
10.A.spend B.value C.reserve D.spare
11.A.Treasure B.admire C.envy D.dislike
12.A.distinguishing B.questioning C.trusting D.suspecting
13.A.still B.yet C.so D.then
14.A.quality B.progress C.information D.improvement
15.A.excited B.satisfied C.annoyed D.puzzled
16.A.choices B.decisions C.plans D.changes
17.A.adapt B.transform C.modify D.swap
18.A.Because B.When C.Although D.However
19.A.Pick B.find C.hold D.bring
20.A.self-awareness B.Self-esteem C.self-confidence D.self-satisfaction
一Shall we go to see Midway this weekend?
— ________. I am otherwise engaged.
A.Never mind B.It's out of question
C.No problem D.It's out of the question
It is important to keep industrial waste from entering the rivers and lakes. If we do not do so, efforts to protect the environment will ____________.
A.Go down the drain B.suck it and see
C.make the headlines D.smooth the way
—You know, Bob, the mid-term exam is approaching.
—You are telling me! We______, preparing for it.
A.have been working hard ; B.will be working hard
C.were working hard D.had worked hard
