前5个小题根据小说Private Peaceful的情节，后5个小题根据小说Lo...

短篇小说

The Stolen Bacillus

(1) “This again,” said the Bacteriologist (病毒学家), slipping a glass slide under the microscope, “is the celebrated Bacillus of cholera (霍乱) -the cholera germ.”

(2) The pale-faced man peered down the microscope. He was evidently not accustomed to that kind of thing. “I see very little.” he said.

(3) “Touch this screw,” said the Bacteriologist, “perhaps the microscope is out of focus.”

(4) “Ah! now I see.” said the visitor “Not so very much to see after all. Little streaks and shreds of pink. And yet those little particles might multiply and devastate a city! Wonderful!”

(5) He released the glass slip and held it towards the window. “Scarcely visible,” he said. Staring at the preparation, he hesitated, “Are these-alive?”

(6) “Those have been stained and killed.” said the Bacteriologist. “I wish, for my own part, we could kill and stain every one of them in the universe.”

(7) “I suppose,” the pale man said with a slight smile, “that you don’t have such things in the living-in the active state?”

(8) “Actually, we have to.” said the Bacteriologist. “Here, for instance-” he took up one sealed tube, “is a cultivation of the actual living disease bacteria. Bottled cholera, so to speak.”

(9) A slight gleam of satisfaction appeared momentarily in the face of the pale man. “It’s a deadly thing to have in your possession.” he said, devouring the little tube with his eyes. The Bacteriologist watched the morbid pleasure in his visitor’s expression. This man, who had appeared with a note of introduction from an old friend, interested him deeply. Nothing about his look, expression, manner and his keen interest resembled that of the ordinary scientific worker whom the Bacteriologist was familiar with. It was perhaps natural, though.

(10) He held the tube in his hand thoughtfully. “Yes. Only break such a little tube as this into a supply of drinking water, and death full of pain and indignity would be released upon this city. He would take the husband from the wife, the child from its mother and the statesman from his duty. He would follow the watermains, creeping along streets, picking out and punishing a house where they did not boil their drinking-water, creeping into the wells of the mineral-water makers, getting washed into salad, and lying dormant in ices. Once start him at the water supply, he would have wiped out the metropolis before we know.”

(11) He stopped abruptly. He had been told rhetoric was his weakness.

(2) The eyes of the pale-faced man shone. “These Anarchists (无政府主义者) -rascals are blind fools to use bombs when this kind of thing is available.”

(13) A gentle knock was heard at the door. The Bacteriologist opened it. “Just a minute, dear.” whispered his wife.

(14) When he returned, his visitor was looking at his watch. “I had no idea it’s been an hour. I have an engagement at four and I must leave now.”

(15) The Bacteriologist accompanied him to the door, and then returned thoughtfully to his laboratory. He was still thinking about his visitor. “How fascinated he was by those disease-germs!” Then a disturbing thought struck him. He turned to the bench and then his writing-table. He felt hastily in his pockets, and then rushed to the door.

(16) “Minnie!” he shouted hoarsely in the hall.

(17) “Yes, dear.”

(18) “Had I anything in my hand when I spoke to you just now?”

(19) Pause.

(20) “Nothing, dear, because I remember-”

(21) “Blue ruin!” cried the Bacteriologist and rushed to the front door and into the street.

(22) Minnie, hearing the door slam violently, ran to the window Down the street a slender man was getting into a cab (马车). The Bacteriologist, hatless and in his slippers, was running and gesticulating wildly towards this group. One slipper came off unnoticed. The slender man, glancing round, seemed shocked. He pointed to the Bacteriologist and said something to the cabman. The cabman swished his whip and in a moment the cab disappeared around the corner.

(23) Minnie was dumbfounded. “Of course, he is out of his mind,” she thought, “but running about London-in the height of the season, in his socks!” A happy thought struck her. She hastily put on her hat, shoes and coat, and stopped a cab that passed by. “Drive me up the road and round Havelock Crescent and see if we can find a gentleman running about in a velveteen coat and no hat.” “Very good, ma’am.” And the cabman whipped up at once in the most matter-of-fact way.

(24) Some few minutes later, the little group of cabmen at the cabmen’s shelter were startled by the passing of a cab with a several ginger-colored horses driven furiously.

(25) Must be an emergency, they said. Moments later, they were stunned to see another cab racing by.

(26) “It’s Old George,” said one, “and he’s driving a lunatic, as you say.”

(27) The group became excited. “Go George! It’s a race! You’ll get him!”

(28) The sight of a third cab flying by aroused more curiosity. Minnie went by in a perfect roar of applause. She did not like it but she felt that she was doing her duty. She fixed her eyes on the animated back of Old George that was driving her husband.

(29) The man in the foremost cab sat crouched in the comer, with the little tube gripped in his hand. He felt a mixture of fear and exultation. Chiefly he was afraid of being caught before he could accomplish his purpose but behind this was a vaguer but larger fear of the awfulness of his crime. But his joy far exceeded his fear. No Anarchist before him had ever approached this. All those distinguished persons whose fame he had envied became insignificant. He had only to break the little tube into a well. How brilliantly he had planned it, faked the letter of introduction, and got into the laboratory. How brilliantly he had seized his opportunity! The world should hear of him at last. All those people who had sneered at him and neglected him should consider him at last. Death! They had always treated him as nobody. All the world had been in a conspiracy to keep him under. He would teach them yet what it is to isolate a man. He stuck his head out of the cab. The Bacteriologist was scarcely fifty yards behind. That was bad. He would be caught and stopped yet. He felt in his pocket for money and found half a sovereign. This he waved the money in the cabman’s face. “More,” he shouted, “if only we get away.”

(30) The money was snatched out of his hand. The cab swayed as it sped up. The Anarchist put the hand containing the little glass tube on the bench to preserve his balance. He felt the tube cracked and saw what it contained flow onto the cab floor. He let out a curse and stared dismally at the two or three drops of moisture on the apron.

(31) He shuddered.

(32) “Well! I suppose I shall be the first. Anyhow. I shall be a Martyr. That’s something But I wonder if it hurts as much as they say.”

(33) He picked up the broken end of the tube, where there was still a little drop inside. And he drank that to make sure. He would not fail.

(34) Then it dawned upon him that there was no further need to escape. In Wellington Street he told the cabman to stop and got out. He slipped on the step. His head felt queer. It was rapid stuff this cholera poison. He stood on the pavement with his arm folded upon his breast awaiting the arrival of the Bacteriologist. There was something tragic in his pose. The sense of death gave him a certain dignity. He laughed.

(35) “You are too late, my friend. I have drunk it. Long live anarchy!”

(36) The Bacteriologist from his cab beamed curiously at him. “You have drunk it! An Anarchist! I see now.” He was about to say something more but stopped. He opened the cab door as if to get off. The Anarchist waved him a dramatic farewell and strode off to Waterloo Bridge, carefully bumping his infected body against as many people as possible. The Bacteriologist was so shocked that he didn’t notice Minnie appearing on the pavement with his hat and shoes and overcoat. “Very good of you to bring my things.” he said and remained lost in his thoughts.

(37) “You had better get in,” he said. Minnie felt convinced now that he was mad and directed the cabman home. The cab began to turn, hiding the black figure in the distance from the Bacteriologist’s eyes. Then suddenly something strange struck him and he laughed. Then he remarked, “It is really very serious though.”

(38) “You see, that man came to my house to see me and he is an Anarchist. No-don’t faint, or I cannot possibly tell you the rest. And I wanted to astonish him, not knowing he was an Anarchist, and took up a cultivation of that new species of Bacterium I think caused the blue patches upon various monkeys. Like a fool, I said it was Asiatic cholera. And he ran away with it to poison the water of London, and he certainly might have made things look blue for this civilized city. And now he has swallowed it. Of course, I cannot say what will happen, but you know it turned that kitten blue, and the three puppies-in patches, and the sparrow-bright blue But the bother is, I shall have all the trouble and expense of preparing some more.”

(39) “Put on my coat on this hot day! Why? Because we might meet Mrs. Jabber? My dear! Mrs. Jabber is not a draught. But why should I wear a coat on a hot day because of Mrs. -? Oh! Very well.”

A. one who suffers greatly or is killed, esp. due to political or religious beliefs

B. clever language that sounds good but is not sincere or meaningless

C. someone who wishes to destroy the existing government and laws

D. a substance that has been specially prepared for use as a medicine

E. to look at something with great interest and enthusiasm

F. to show, express or direct through movement

G. to eat all of something quickly and eagerly

前5个小题根据小说内容，判断表述是否正确，正确的请选A，错误的选B。第6-10个小题,请在A-G选项中找出五个单词在文中的正确英文释义，其中有两个是多余选项。最后一个小题, 根据小说内容用完整句子回答问题。

1.The visitor, with the help of the Bacteriologist, saw the living disease bacteria on the glass slip.

2.Minnie chased after her husband to bring him the coat and shoes he needed.

3.Seeing the tube broken and its content spilt, the Anarchist felt angry and disappointed first.

4.By saying “it is really very serious though”, the Bacteriologist showed his care about the Anarchist.

5.The Bacteriologist knew who the visiting man was and played a trick on him.

6.preparation (Para. 5)

7.devour (Para. 9)

8.rhetoric (Para. 11)

9.gesticulate (Para. 22)

10.Marty (Para. 32)

11.What is the theme of this story, and how is it relevant to today’s society and culture?

Stressed About Coronavirus? Monitor Your Body Language

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and other health professionals, have maintained that the recent coronavirus can be spread by touching people or surfaces infected by the virus, and then touching your face-particularly your mouth, nose, and eyes, where the virus can gain access to your body. No doubt, fears of this potentially deadly virus is causing people around the world a great deal of stress. 1.

You may have seen clips of health professionals warning about face-touching in press conferences, but then absent-mindedly touching their own faces-even licking a finger to turn a page on their written speeches! 2. Unfortunately, stress can increase the incidence of face-touching behavior.

A common body reaction to stress is self-touching. Some of that might consist of chin or cheek rubbing, which can bring infected fingers dangerously close to the mouth. Of course, there is also nail-biting, which provides the virus with direct access to the mouth.

Research on nonverbal signals of lying has focused on common body language signals connected with stress. 3. Stress from telling a lie has been associated with people touching their noses or faces. It has been suggested that temporary increases in tension or stress-such as when someone is telling a lie-may cause the nose to itch (发痒). This leads to response of scratching or rubbing the nose

Stress may also lead to dry eyes, mainly because the automatic reaction to fear-induced stress is to widen the eyes and blink less frequently, thus drying out our eyes. Our responses can include eye rubbing behavior-opening the way for the virus to enter our bodies.

Don’t get me started talking about greetings. 4. However, greeting behaviors such as touching hands (handshaking), cheek-kissing and hugging all open the door for viral transmission (病毒传播). Moving to more safe forms of greeting -waves, fist-bumps, or even bowing-should become the norm during these troubling times.

5. We need to become more aware of our nonverbal behavior and go into social situations more mindfully.

A.To sum up, what should we do?

B.Some of these same signals could lead to infection.

C.It is probably because they have been under too much stress.

D.In other words, nonverbal signals of stress might lead to infection.

E.That is why people may touch their noses or faces when telling a lie.

F.In social gatherings people almost automatically extend their hands or hug.

G.What’s worse many of our unconscious reactions to stress can lead to infection.

    Contemporary worries about the impact of technology are part of a historical pattern. The new technologies that dominated the past decade seem to be making things worse. Parents worry that smartphones have turned their children into screen-addicted zombies. The technologies expected to dominate the new decade also seem to cast a dark shadow. Artificial intelligence (AI) may well deepen bias and prejudice, threaten your job and shore up authoritarian rulers.

Today’s gloomy mood is centred on smartphones and social media, which took off a decade ago. Yet concerns that humanity has taken a technological wrong turn, or that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good, have arisen before. Stand back, and in these historical cases disappointment arose from a mix of unrealised hopes and unforeseen consequences. Technology frees the forces of creative destruction, so it is only natural that it leads to anxiety: for any given technology its drawbacks sometimes seem to outweigh its benefits. When this happens with several technologies at once, as today, the result is a wider sense of techno-pessimism.

However, that pessimism can be overdone. Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology while taking its benefits for granted. Worries about screen time should be weighed against the much more substantial benefits of instant communication and access to information and entertainment that smartphones make possible. A further danger is that efforts to avoid the short-term costs associated with a new technology will end up denying access to its long-term benefits—something called a “technology trap”. Fears that robots will steal people’s jobs may prompt politicians to tax them, for example, to discourage their use. Yet in the long run countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer.

That points to another lesson, which is that the remedy to technology-related problems very often involves more technology. And the most important lesson is about technology itself. Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill. Biotechnology can raise crop yields and cure diseases, but it could equally lead to deadly weapons. Technology itself has no agency: it is the choices people make about it that shape the world. Thus the techlash (技术鞭策) is a necessary step in the adoption of important new technologies. At its best, it helps frame how society comes to terms with innovations and imposes rules and policies that limit their destructive potential, accommodate change or strike a trade-off. Healthy skepticism means that these questions are settled by a broad debate, not by a group of technologists.

Perhaps the real source of anxiety is not technology itself, but growing doubts about the ability of societies to hold this debate and come up with good answers. In that sense, techno-pessimism is a symptom of political pessimism. Yet there is something comforting about this: a gloomy debate is much better than no debate at all. And history still argues, on the whole, for optimism.

1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A.Reasons for techno-pessimism. B.History of technology development.

C.Consequences of technological turns. D.Attitude towards particular technologies.

2.What can we learn from the passage?

A.Worries about technology started a decade ago.

B.The drawbacks of technology are always neglected.

C.Skepticism is helpful for technology development if properly applied.

D.There isn’t much we can do to limit the destructive potential of technology.

3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A.History vs. Today. B.Technology vs. Debate.

C.Technology vs. Society. D.Pessimism vs. progress.

4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?

I: Introduction   P: Point   Sp: Sub-point (次要点)   C: Conclusion

A. B.

C. D.

    Loneliness hurts. It is psychologically distressing and so physically unhealthy that being lonely increases the likelihood of an earlier death by 26 percent. But psychologists think it hurts so much because, like hunger and thirst, loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.

On March 26, just as the COVID-19 pandemic gripped the world, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology posted a report on bioRxiv. It is the first study in humans to show that both loneliness and hunger share signals deep in a part of the brain that governs very basic impulses for reward and motivation. So, our need to connect is apparently as fundamental as our need to eat.

The researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare brain responses to loneliness and hunger. 40 adult participants underwent a 10-hour session depriving (剥夺) them of food and another 10-hour session denying them social contact. Both sessions served as a control (对照) condition for each other.

The social-isolation condition was challenging to arrange. Some people are lonely in a crowd, while others enjoy solitude To induce(l t)not just objective isolation but subjective feelings of loneliness, the researchers had the participants spend their time from 9 A.M. to 7 P.M. in a room at the laboratory without phones, laptops or even novels in case fictional characters provided some social support. Puzzles were allowed, as was preapproved nonfiction reading or writing.

Researchers then focused on a midbrain region called “the substantia nigra”, a center of dopamine (多巴胺) release involved with motivation and desire. The dopaminergic response shows a strong wanting. In the scanner, participants saw images of their preferred forms of social interaction and of their favorite foods, as well as a control image of flowers. It was then found that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they had been deprived of. The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects’ self-reports of how hungry or lonely they were, though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.

Finally, the researchers used machine learning to confirm their findings. A software classifier trained to recognize neural patterns during fasting (斋戒) proved able to recognize similar neural patterns from the social-isolation condition even though it had never “seen” them. So there seems to be an underlying shared neural signature between the two states.

Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, an obvious next question for the work was whether different forms of social media could satisfy the need for social connection. Those researchers were never able to get funding for such a study. But now it seems they will.

1.The report posted on March 26 ________.

A.is based on the social-isolation condition during the pandemic

B.is the first study on the effect of loneliness on human beings

C.reflects the similarity between loneliness and hunger

D.shows human need for reward and motivation

2.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A.Why inducing feelings of loneliness was challenging

B.How loneliness was created among participants

C.Why participants were denied access to phones

D.How researchers compared brain responses

3.We can infer that participants’ substantia nigra showed ________ response(s) to the image of flowers.

A.little B.various

C.strong D.consistent

4.What does the underlined “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to?

A.The neural signature. B.Fasting.

C.Machine learning. D.The classifier.

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1.The text is most probably taken from ________.

A.a research paper B.a text book

C.a travel brochure D.a user guide

2.What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A.You can hop on a bus or boat for limited times.

B.The Colorful Copenhagen tour is a non-stop tour.

C.Sightseeing tours are equipped with video guide in 11 languages.

D.All the main scenic spots are covered in the Copenhagen Panorama tour.

3.If you want to fully explore Copenhagen at your own pace, which might be the best choice?

A.Choose the classic I hour live guided Grand Tour.

B.Get a combination ticket that combines bus and boat tours.

C.First buy a bus ticket and then buy a boat ticket for all the attractions.

D.Explore the idyllic harbor and canals of Copenhagen with a canal tour.