In the early days of sea travel, seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits. Many of them died of scurvy (坏血病), a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums (牙龈), livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. On one occasion, in 1535, an English ship arrived in Newfoundland with its crew desperately ill. The men’s lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat. Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors’ diet and Captain Cook, on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and New Zealand, established the fact that scurvy could be prevented by the supply of fresh fruit for the sailors.
Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. These elements are called “vitamins”. Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them, A, B, C, D, and so on. Different diseases are associated with shortages of particular vitamins. Even a slight lack of Vitamin C, for example, the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetables, is thought to increase significantly our susceptibility (敏感度) to colds and influenza.
The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, say during extended periods of religious fasting (斋戒), or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special supply to make up for the missing vitamins.
1.Scurvy is a disease that is caused by .
A.salted meat and biscuits B.exhaustion
C.lack of some essential substances D.need of fresh vegetables and fruits
2.To avoid such disease as scurvy, it’s better for us .
A.not to eat much salted meat
B.to supply our diet with various vitamin pills
C.to have more fresh fruit and vegetables
D.to develop a good dietary habit
3.Based on the passage we can safely conclude that if our diet is not comprehensive enough, .
A.vitamin pills are of no use
B.nutritious food might be unhealthy
C.vegetable leaves can be a good treatment
D.religious fasting may help out a lot
4.Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A.Shortages of Vitamin C may cause serious diseases.
B.Fresh fruit and green vegetables contain enough nutrition that is necessary for a healthy body.
C.Vitamins play a vitally important role in people’s health.
D.A good mixed diet normally supplies sufficient vitamins for us.
Would you believe that the first outstanding deaf teacher in America was a Frenchman? His name was Laurent Cleric. He became a friend of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and together they founded America’s first school for the deaf.
Laurent Cleric was born in a small village near Lyons, France, on December 26, 1785. When he was one year old, he fell into a fire, losing both his hearing and his sense of smell. At 12, Laurent entered the Royal Institution for the Deaf in Paris where he excelled in his studies. After he graduated, the school asked him to stay on as an assistant teacher.
Meanwhile, in America, Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet was studying to be a minister. He was very concerned about the lack of educational opportunities for the deaf. Therefore, in 1815, Gallaudet sailed to London, England to seek ideas on how to teach deaf people. While he was there, he met a French educator of the deaf who invited him to go to Paris to spend three months learning at the Royal Institution for the Deaf, the school where Laurent Cleric was teaching. Gallaudet accepted the offer. The two worked and studied well together. When the time came for Gallaudet to return, he asked Cleric to come with him. Cleric accepted on one condition: that he would stay in America only a short time.
The two men set sail on June 18, 1816. The voyage across the Atlantic Ocean took 52 days; however, Cleric and Gallaudet put the time to good use. Cleric studied English, and Gallaudet studied sign language. They discussed the school for the deaf which they planned to open. On the long trip, they had many conversations about education and deafness. The year after they arrived, they founded a school for the deaf in Harford, Connecticut.
At the school, Cleric led a busy life. He taught signs to Principal Gallaudet; he taught the pupils; and he taught hearing men who came to the school to study deaf education.
In 1819, Cleric married Eliza Crocker Boardman, one of his pupils. They had six children. He retired from teaching in 1858. Although he had intended to return to France, he never did. He died on July 18, 1869 in the United States.
1.Why did Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet sail to London?
A.He needed to finish his studies to become a minister.
B.It was the easiest way to get to France.
C.He wanted to study their system of deaf education.
D.He wanted to marry Alice Cogswell.
2.From the information in this passage we can infer that ________.
A.Laurent Cleric was an intelligent man
B.Cleric had difficulties learning language
C.Cleric married Eliza in order to get his Green Card
D.Cleric was paid well because he made such important contributions to society
3.On their trip from Paris to America, Cleric and Gallaudet ________.
A.played cards and socialized
B.studied and discussed their plans for a deaf school
C.founded a school for the deaf
D.Gallaudet studied English and Cleric studied Sign Language
4.The main idea of this passage could best be stated as __________.
A.Cleric managed his time well, and was able to teach a lot of information in a short period of time
B.Thomas Gallaudet was indebted to Cleric for all that he taught him
C.Cleric preferred teaching deaf students to hearing students
D.Cleric, an educated Frenchman, had a great influence on American Deaf Education
Do you believe that blood types can determine your personality? People in Japan take blood types very seriously, according to a recent BBC report. They have big implications for life, work and love. “What’s your blood type?” is often a key question in everything from matchmaking to job applications.
Last year, four of Japan’s top 10 best-sellers were about how blood type determines personality, selling more than 5 million copies altogether. Why is it such a popular belief that they determine one’s character? Taku Kabeya, chief editor, the publisher of one of the books, told The Huffington Post that he thought the appeal of these books comes from having one’s self-image confirmed. Readers discover the definition of their blood type and “It’s like ‘Yes, that’s me!’” A popular reason often given about the craze is that in a relatively homogenous (一致) society, it provides a simple framework to divide people up into easily recognizable groups. “Being the same is considered a good thing here in Japanese society,” translator Chie Kobayashi told the BBC. “But we enjoy finding little differences that distinguish people.”
As defined by the books, type As are sensitive perfectionists and good team players, but they tend to be over-anxious. Type Os are curious and generous but stubborn, while ABs are artistic but also mysterious and unpredictable. Type Bs are cheerful, but have eccentric (怪癖的), individualistic and selfish traits (特点).
The beliefs surrounding blood groups have been used in unusual ways. The women’s softball team that won gold for Japan at the Beijing Olympics is reported to have used blood type theories to design training for each player. Major companies reportedly make decisions about assignments based on employees’ blood types, for example, in 1990 the Asahi Daily newspaper reported that Mitsubishi Electronics (日本三菱电器) had announced the creation of a team made up entirely of A workers.
1.What is the popular belief in Japan according to the passage?
A.Being the same is considered a good thing.
B.Blood types can determine personality.
C.Happy marriage is based on personality.
D.It is fashionable to buy top 10 best-sellers.
2.What does the underlined word craze in the second paragraph probably mean?
A.Fashion. B.Behavior.
C.Attraction. D.Habit.
3.Why did Mitsubishi Electronics hire so many workers with blood type A?
A.Because they are mysterious artistic and unpredictable.
B.Because they are perfectionists, good team players.
C.Because they are curious and generous but stubborn.
D.Because they are cheerful, but have eccentric traits.
4.This passage is likely to be selected from a book of ________.
A.medicine B.teamwork
C.geography D.culture
You wake up and the weather is all wet. What are you going to do today? Here are four ideas to try when it’s raining cats and dogs.
Puppet (木偶) showtime
You can create your own puppets with items your parents already have around the house. First, you’ll need some old socks or brown paper bags. Then get busy decorating them with markers, crayons, glitter, string, ribbons, buttons-even dry macaroni (通心粉)! Give your puppets names and funny voices. You might want to make up a special story for them. To make your show even better, use a cardboard box as a stage.
Build a castle
Ask your parents for some old sheets, blankets, or comforters. Spread them over chairs or other furniture to create a top-secret hideout. Bring a flashlight, a good book to read, and maybe even a snack. And don’t forget to think of a secret password.
Dress-up time
Both boys and girls can have fun trying on old clothes. Ask your parents to let you try on old hats, jewelry, shoes, and clothes. Do you want to be a doctor? You can pretend an old white shirt is a lab coat. Or maybe you see yourself as a movie star.
Say thanks
Birthdays and holidays are chances for us to thank people who love us and take good care of us. But it can be a special treat to get a gift or a card on an ordinary day. Think of the people who make you happy and then come up with a way to show them your care. It might be an aunt, uncle, grandmother, neighbor, or babysitter. It could even be your mom or dad! Use your arts and craft supplies to create a special card. You will be delivering sunshine on a rainy day!
1.What can you do to make your puppet show much better?
A.Creating your puppet by yourself. B.Offering your puppet a good name.
C.Giving a special story for your puppet. D.Using a cardboard box as a stage.
2.According to the passage, which of the following can be used to create a castle?
A.Old sheets, blankets or chairs. B.Old socks or brown paper bags.
C.Markers, crayons or comforters. D.Ribbons, chairs or other furniture.
3.The passage is mainly written to ________.
A.tell us how to keep safe when it rains heavily
B.encourage kids to do some things themselves
C.introduce some ways of making our home beautiful
D.advise us how to make rainy days fun and meaningful
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son. Suddenly a crow（乌鸦）perched（栖息）on their window.
The father asked his son, “What is this?” The son replied, “It is a crow.”
After a few minutes, the father asked his son for the second time, “What is this?” The son said, “Father, I have just now told you, it’s a crow!”
After a little while, the old father again asked his son for the third time, “What is this?”
At this time some expression of irritation（恼怒）was felt in the son’s tone when he said to his father with a rebuff（生硬回绝）. “It’s a crow, a crow.” A little while later, the father again asked his son the fourth time, “What is this?”
This time, the son shouted at his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again, although I have told you so many times ‘IT IS A CROW’. Are you not able to understand this?”
A little while later the father went to his room and came back with an old tattered（发皱的）diary, which he had maintained since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page. When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary:
“Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied to him all 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question. I did not at all feel irritated but I rather felt affection for my innocent son,
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
After reading the diary
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Paragraph 2:
Feeling ashamed, the son got down on his knees before his father
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用单词适当形式完成下面句子
1.The school has decided to adopt a different________（方法）to solving discipline problems.
2.The doctor signed the paper to donate his organs without______________（犹豫）.
3.Much to her__________（尴尬）,she realized that everybody had been listening to her singing.
4.They all feel like_____________（做贡献）to the family business.
5.Losing your job doesn't have to be such a_____________（灾难）.
6.Economy is___________（逐渐）being restored despite the COVID-19 epidemic.
7.She never______________（抱怨）when she worked in the company.
8.It can be_________（有益处的）to share your feelings with someone you trust.
9.No matter what the season is,it’s__________（极其）important to wear sunglasses.
10.Miss Parrish recently placed an_________________（广告）in the local newspaper.
