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Directions : Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.

Textbooks. Lecture hails. Over the next decade, technology may sweep away some of the most basic aspects of a university education and lead in a flood of innovations and changes. Look for online classes that let students learn at their own pace, drawing on materials from schools across the country - not just a single professor and one textbook.

All those changes probably won’t make a university education cheaper - alas --but they will likely change our perceptions about how we value it. Traditionally, schools have been judged by how many prospective students they turn away，not by how many competent graduates they put out.

“ Those are status rankings，driven by exclusivity and preservation of an old model, says Michael Crow, the president of Arizona State University. But as new technologies come into the classroom, it will be easier to measure what students actually learn. That will 4<make universities more accountable for what they produce, “ Dr. Crow says.

In the near future, instead of classrooms, professors will run their courses over digital platforms capable of collecting data on each students progress. These platforms were initially developed for massive open online courses, or MOOCs. However, universities are now folding these platforms back into their traditional classes because they make it easier to share content, host discussions and keep track of student work. A professor might still “teach” class, but most of the interaction will happen online. If professors and students do meet in a physical classroom, it will be to review material, work through problems or work on discussion topics. Scenes like John Houseman lecturing to a classroom full of students will be a thing of the past.

These platforms are constantly improving. Soon, they will be able to monitor which students are spending 15 minutes on a maths problem and which ones work hard for an hour. This can raise red flags for professors (and their teaching assistants) about who might need extra help. As Rovy Brannon, associate dean at the University of Wisconsin-Extension, says, “The course platform will get to know you far better than your professor does today.

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    GPS(全科医生)surgery in town of Tokoroa on the North Island has been looking for a junior doctor for two years with no takers so far although1.. A rural GP in New Zealand is offering a $400,000 annual income to try and attract a medic to share his work burden - but 2..

Dr. Alan Kenny co-owns a medical practice in the Waikato town of Tokoroa on the North Island - population 13,600. The GP - originally mTzxhec/ (招募)from the UK - told The New Zealand Herald his practice has unexploded” , but 3.and has repeatedly had to cancel holidays because they have difficulty in finding a replacement.

“I can offer them a really, really amazing income； it's unbelievable. My practice has exploded in the last year and the more patients you list, the more money you get. But 4. ,”Dr. Kenny said. Rural doctors are really hard to find in New Zealand.

A.he is over-working

B.his schedule is full

C.it just gets too much at the end of the day

D.it offers generous income

E.his practice has increased

F.after two years of searching the position remains unfilled

    Dr. Raint Mishor, of Georgetown University Hospital says many people believe it’s possible to become immune to colds. Unfortunately , that’s not the case . “ There are about 200 different viruses that cause the common cold and people think that once you get infected one time you develop immunity for the rest of your life . This is wrong . ‘‘She said .

There are many other common beliefs about colds that medical science doesn’t support. How many of us believe the main cause of the common cold is exposure to cold temperatures? Even some studies have shown that people get sick more frequently during the winter .

But Dr. Mishori says it is not because of cold weather. “ It’s because people tend to congregate and be together and the way the common cold virus is transmitted from one person to another is through handshake , through sneezing , or through coughing on one another.

While there is no actual cure for the common cold , Dr. Mishori says there are still a few things you can do to help reduce its duration and intensity . Though the medical community says Vitamin C does not help prevent colds , there is definitely some proof that it helps keep them from being as bad. “ So if you catch a cold and on day once you start taking about two grams of Vitamin C a day there is evidence that it might shorten the number of days that you will be suffering with these symptoms.” Dr . Mishori stated.

In addition , medical science sys honey and chicken soup are effective against colds. Especially honey .” There is increased evidence that it helps shorten the duration do the common cold sometimes even by two to three days particularly in children,” Dr. Mishori said. “ Chicken soup has anti-inflammatory properties so it helps reduce the duration of the cold but it also helps clear the mucus.

There’s also a common belief that you should “ feed a cold ant starve a fever.” Dr. Mishori says “ not necessary “. ‘ If you do have a cold and you don’t feel like eating anything it’s not going to hurt you bur you have to drink a lot and you can drink water or you can drink tea anything that gets fluids into your body , “ she said , “ That’s very important.”

So if drinking fluids is a good idea What about milk ? “ I will never give milk to a a child who has got bad phlegm. My son used to have that and he would throw up . “ Nadine Audrewy , the Hemmens kids’ grandmother , believes it’s not a good idea to give milk to a child who has a cold .

Well ,says Dr. Mishori ,maybe and maybe not .” Dairy products do not cause increased secretions but they can thicken the secretions,” she explained. ‘So it’s possible that discomfort is somewhat more enhanced when you drink milk , but obviously if you are a baby and its’s all you drink then you should not stop giving babies milk.

There are many other myths about colds that do not pass science muster . Doctors say the best advice is to continue using whatever works best for you . Even if it doesn’t make the cold better , it won’t make it worse either while you wait for the cold to just run its natural course.

1.According to the common belief “feed a cold and starve a fever”,people should______when catching cold.

A.drink a lot to get fluids into their body

B.have as much water and tea as possible

C.eat a lot even if they don’t feel like eating

D.starve themselves to a certain extent to kill the virus

2.Medical experts find that people catch cold because_______

A.they fail to develop immunity B.they stay in cold weather

C.they transmit the virus themselves D.they like to gather together

3.In the last paragraph, the sentence wThere are many other myths about colds that do not pass scientific muster probably means that many other myths regarding colds_______

A.are not accepted as scientific B.are not rational in a scientific sense

C.do not reach the scientific standard D.do not draw scientific conclusions

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A.Ways to reduce duration and intensity of cold.

B.Scientific discoveries on the basis of myths.

C.Effects of different food on overcoming cold.

D.The old myths and new facts concerning cold.

Parcel Post Rates

Zones

1.What is the cost of mailing a 10-pound package a distance of 286 miles ?

A.93 cents B.$ 1.20 C.$1.35 D.$1.55

2.The exception noted at the bottom of the table means _______________________

A.large packages weighing less than 10 pounds cost the same as a 10- pound package

B.large packages weighing more than 10 pounds cost more than small packages weighing more than 10 pounds

C.large packages measuring over 100 inches cannot be mailed by parcel cost

D.large packages weighing 10 pounds cost less to mail than small packages weighing 10 pounds

3.Which of the following best summarizes all the information on the table ?

A.The table indicates that heavy packages cost more to mail than light-weight packages

B.The table shows five zones that cover the distance from one mils to 600 miles

C.The cost of mailing a package is dependent on the weight of the package and the distance of it being mailed

D.Rates for local mailing are the lowest

    In an early survey conducted in 1888, a billion and a half people inhabited the earth. Now, the population exceeds seven billion. This means that the world must accommodate a new population roughly equal to that of the United States and Canada every three years. Even though the rate of growth has begun to slow down, most experts believe the population size will still pass eight billion soon.

If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. Everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square metres. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the type of land we would have. Not all land is useful to humans as it cannot produce food. We can cut out about one fifth of it because it is permanently covered by snow and ice. Then we can cut out another one fifth because it is desert. Another fifth is too mountainous or is too great a height above sea-level. A tenth doesn’t have enough soil for crops to grow - it is bare rock. Now the position begins to look rather mom bleak (荒凉)!

Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But are we? We are consuming its “ capital” , which means its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share earth with us.

The birth of a baby in, for example, Hong Kong, imposes more than a hundred times the amount of stress on the world's resources as a baby in India. Most people in India do not grow up to own cars or air-conditioners. Nor do they eat the huge amount of meat and fish that the Hong Kong child does. Their life-styles do not require vast quantities of minerals and energy. Also, they are aware of the requirements of the land around them and try to put something back into nature to replace what they take out.

1.Why does the author mention the example of America and Canada?

A.To emphasize that world population has to be reduced.

B.To give a brief history of the population growth.

C.To stress how quickly the world population is rising.

D.To point out what a large population they have.

2.According to the author, how much per person of the earths surface can be used to produce food?

A.15,000 square metres. B.25,000 square metres.

C.30,000 square metres. D.40,000 square metres.

3.Which of the following belongs to vital resources?

A.Fossil fuels. B.Mineral deposits.

C.Chemical fertilizer. D.Groundwater.

4.When can learn from the passage that _____.

A.different lifestyles require similar quantities of resources

B.a Hong Kong baby consumes more resources than an Indian baby

C.tropical forest are being better used for pastureland

D.nature is powerful enough to destroy an aggressive man