阅读下面材料，在空白处填上适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Parkour (跑酷) is a sport which trains people to deal with any physical obstacles in their path. It is not a competition but a physical training. A person joining in parkour is called traceur. Traceurs run along a path and use only their bodies to deal with obstacles in the most efficient way. Parkour pays more attention to efficiency, 1.(make) it different from the similar practice of free running. Parkour 2.(common) includes running, jumping, climbing, rolling and other similar types of physical movements. Many teenagers think that parkour is quite3.cool sport. They have great interest in it.
The 4.(invent) of parkour can’t 5.(give) to one person because many people have worked on it. A french officer developed the earlier form of parkour. The term “parkour” was first introduced by David Belle and Sebastiar Foucan in the early 1980s. 6.that time, they were two teenagers. This sport7.(become) more popular in the 1990s when many films were made on it.
8.makes parkour different from other sports is its power to bring people together. It allows traceurs to forget the9.(society) and other problems, and makes a large group work and grow together instead of competing with each other. People can benefit from parkour as it can make them stronger. Still, it also influences one’s thought process by improving self-confidence and critical-thinking skills. In this way, parkour allows one to deal with 10.(difficulty) in daily life if he or she deals with them through parkour.
Many years ago at Christmas time I parked my car in the town centre on my way to the post office to post my Christmas cards. It was the last posting day for Christmas cards if they were to be ______ before Christmas. ______ I came out of the car park I saw a boy who was ______ and holding his right hand side. I ______ some bigger boys had perhaps bullied him and he was in ______ . I had to go to his aid and see if I could ________.
He told me that his sister who was a ______ had bought him a Christmas present. It was a mobile phone. He only had it days when he ________ it and cracked the screen! That’s ________ he was holding his right hand side of his body—his mobile phone was in the upper right hand pocket of his coat. The little guy was extremely _______, tears rolling down his face as he told all this to me. My heart _________ for him. It was clear he ______ his present and knew that this was a lot of money for his __________ to spend on him, for nurses didn’t make much money. He’d been to a phone shop and they’d told him it would be ￡80 to get a new _________ .
I had to help, though I was ________ to make ends meet myself. I searched my purse and gave the boy the only ￡20 I could find and made some ________ as to why I could only give him so little. I didn’t want him to know it was all I had until pay day. I could not ______ pay for his phone to be repaired but I hope the ________ he received from a stranger was ________ that stayed with him when he became a man.
The Christmas cards not getting posted somehow didn’t seem ______; greater issues had been addressed with a kindness stamp.
1.A. decorated B. received C. accepted D. bought
2.A. Since B. Until C. As D. Unless
3.A. sobbing B. fighting C. bleeding D. starving
4.A. saw B. heard C. remembered D. thought
5.A. pain B. surprise C. relief D. debt
6.A. park B. pay C. leave D. help
7.A. teacher B. nurse C. doctor D. 1awyer
8.A. lost B. sold C. dropped D. repaired
9.A. when B. where C. how D. why
10.A. sad B. tired C. grateful D. embarrassed
11.A. beat B. jumped C. worried D. ached
12.A. destroyed B. missed C. valued D. disliked
13.A. mother B. sister C. brother D. friend
14.A. screen B. computer C. phone D. present
15.A. preparing B. begging C. struggling D. deciding
16.A. change B. excuse C. apology D. noise
17.A. fully B. usually C. hardly D. warmly
18.A. money B. gift C. wish D. kindness
19.A. somebody B. somewhere C. something D. sometime
20.A. beautiful B. important C. possible D. expensive
Sometimes it can be hard to recognize a true friend, one who is loyal(忠诚的)and one who is worth keeping by your side. The suggestions provided in this article will help to guide you in working out which friends are likely to be true.
Be able to trust your friends. You should be able to trust true friends and they should return this trust. Your friends tell you secrets that no one else knows. Let you share secrets. Ask you for advice.1. However, if your friends hide things from you and act secretive, this could be a sign that they do not trust you, but it could also mean your friends keep to themselves or don’t like to reveal too much about themselves.
Consider comfort. How comfortable do your friends feel when they are around you? Watch them, are they being themselves or are they timid (胆怯的)around you? 2.True friendships can take a while to develop, but if your friends are true, they should feel comfortable around you.
3.This is not meant in a romantic way, but consider whether your friends are comfortable with the touch. If your friends are fine with hugging you, leaning on you, resting their heads on your shoulder and so forth, then you can judge they love you.
Think about loyalty. True friends are always there for one another. If you are in need of a helping hand, your true friends should be there to offer it to you. 4.You can trust friends with anything, knowing that they will be loyal and will not let your secrets out.
Look at how you fight. Nearly all best friends fight; so if you and your friend have a little dispute(争论), don't sweat it! 5.. They will not tell each other’s secrets and they still care about each other.
A.Consider the touch barrier.
B.Consider how you insult each other.
C.They should know that you are not serious.
D.These are sure signs that your friends trust you.
E.Are they acting fake—perhaps hiding an insecurity?
F.True friends should not get one another into trouble.
G.True friends will remain faithful and find their way through a fight.
Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell． Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads．
The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain． According to Conrad King, the researcher who carried out the review, "more than any other senses, the sense of smell goes through the logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with feelings. This is why the smell of baking bread can destroy the best intentions of a dieter．"
Smell,which dictates（决定） the unbelievable complexity of food tastes, has always been the least understood of our senses. Our noses are able to detect up to 10，000 distinct smells． Our ability to smell and taste this extremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1,000 genes, which make up an amazing 3% of the human genome． Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for their ground-breaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense． These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1，000 olfactory （嗅觉） genes and to explain how our olfactory system works．
According to one study in the research review， smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be enough to make drivers feel impatient with other road users． They are then more likely to speed and experience uncontrollable anger on roads． The most reasonable explanation is that these can all make drivers feel hungry， and therefore desperate to satisfy their appetites．
In contrast， the smells of peppermint and cinnamon were shown to improve concentration levels as well as reduce drivers' impatience． Similarly， the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus．
However， the way genes regulate smell differs from person to person． A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50 olfactory genes which are switched on in some people and not in others． They believe this may explain why some of us love some smells and tastes while others hate them． The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors．
1.What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out？ ______
A.The type of food smells．
B.The logical part of human brain．
C.The nature of human olfactory system．
D.The relationship between food and feelings．
2.Which of the following can help people concentrate？ ______
A.Bread． B.Fast food．
C.Pizza． D.Coffee．
3.What do we know from the last paragraph？ ______
A.Different people are sensitive to different smells．
B.Every person has a different pattern of genes．
C.Some people can recognize up to 50 smells．
D.There are still some olfactory genes to be found out．
4.What is the passage mainly about？ ______
A.Logic and behavior． B.Smell and its influence．
C.Sense ability and food tastes． D.Olfactory genes and its system．
If you go to any college in the United States, you will find most students carrying the same items：books, laptops, cell phones and their official school identification cards, or IDs. These small plastic cards do more than showing the names and pictures of students.
In recent years, IDs in some colleges can also buy things. The schools enter into agreements with banks so students can link their cards to private financial accounts. This way, students can use their cards to pay for things like food on campus and school supplies. In other words, their IDs become debit cards(借记卡）. However, new research suggests that the way these card programs operate can harm students.
The U.S. Public Interest Research Group(U.S. PIRG) aims to use research to support and protect people's financial interests. The organization has been looking into agreements between colleges and banks for several years.This April, Kaitlyn Vitez, higher education campaign director for U.S. PIRG, released their latest findings."Students with campus debit cards paid over $ 24 million in fees during the last contract year. For example, students may be charged fees if they use another bank to withdraw money. Or, they may be charged fees if they spend more money than they have in their bank accounts , " she said . " Any large fee can create unexpected problems for students , however , banks do not make possible fees clear enough to students."
U.S.PIRG noted that some banks pay colleges for permission to advertise their debit card programs on campus. The advertising can appear to be part of official school programmes and students may feel pushed towards opening accounts.U.S.PIRG also found a connection between colleges with paid agreements and student fees. Students at colleges that received money from banks ended up paying up to 2.3 times more than students at colleges with unpaid agreements. U.S. PIRG contacted several of the colleges in their latest research, yet they seem not to give satisfying comments.
1.What is the second paragraph mainly about ?
A.Potential harm of IDs. B.Additional use of IDs.
C.Students consuming habits. D.Students' financial condition.
2.What does the PIRG study find?
A.All banks pay for their bank card ads on campus.
B.Campus debit cards present high fees for students.
C.Many students like to use debit cards at college.
D.Colleges have signed illegal agreements with banks.
3.What do Kaitlyn Vitez's words imply?
A.Colleges benefit a lot from working with banks.
B.Most students fall into heavy debts at college.
C.Banks give away students' financial privacy somehow.
D.Students lack enough information on their campus debit cards.
4.What will the author probably talk about in the following paragraph ?
A.Solutions to the phenomenon. B.Future of school IDs.
C.Details of debit card programs. D.Response of some schools.
My father was always a good gardener. One of my earliest memories is standing without shoes in the freshly tilled (翻耕的) soil, my hands blackened from digging in the ground.
As a child, I loved following Dad around in the garden. I remember Dad pushing the tiller (耕作机) ahead in perfectly straight lines. Dad loved growing all sorts of things: yellow and green onions, watermelons almost as big as me, rows of yellow com, and our favorite ― red tomatoes.
As I grew into a teenager, I didn’t get so excited about gardening with Dad. Instead of magical land of possibility, it had turned into some kind of prison. As Dad grew older, his love for gardening never disappeared. After all the kids were grown and had started families of their own, Dad turned to gardening like never before. Even when he was diagnosed with cancer, he still took care of his garden.
But then, the cancer, bit by bit, invaded his body. I had to do the things he used to do. What really convinced me that Dad was dying was the state of his garden that year. The rows and rows of multicolored vegetables were gone. Too tired to weed them, he simply let them be. He only planted tomatoes.
For the first few years after he died, I couldn’t even bear to look at anyone's garden without having strong memories pour over me like cold water from a bucket. Three years ago, I decided to plant my own garden and started out with just a few tomatoes. That morning, after breaking up a fair amount of soil, something caught the comer of my eye and I had to smile, It was my eight-year-old son Nathan, happily playing in the freshly tilled soil.
1.Why did the author like the garden when he was a child?
A.The garden was planted with colorful flowers.
B.The garden was just freshly tilled by his father.
C.He loved what his father grew in the garden.
D.He enjoyed being in the garden with his father.
2.When all the kids started their own families, the author’s father .
A.devoted more to gardening
B.turned to other hobbies
C.stopped his gardening
D.focused on planting tomatoes
3.What happened to the garden when the author’s father was seriously ill?
A.The author’s son took charge of it.
B.No plant grew in the garden at all.
C.The garden was almost deserted.
D.It brought the author a great harvest.
4.We can infer from the last paragraph that .
A.the author’s son played happily in the garden
B.the author’s son reminded him of his own father
C.the author’s son was very glad to help the author
D.the author’s son will continue gardening as well
