The scent of coffee appears to enhance performance in math
Drinking coffee has benefits. ______ the physical improvement, coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease. Coffee may even help us live longer. Now, research also reveals that the scent（气味）of coffee may help people perform better on the analytical portion of the Graduate Management Aptitude Test, or GMAT, a computer adaptive test ______ by many business schools.
The work, led by famous professor Adriana Madzharov, not only ______ the hidden force of scent and the cognitive（认知）improvement it may provide on analytical tasks, but also expectation that students will perform better on those tasks. Madzharov, with his colleagues, recently published their findings.
“It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was already ______,” says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstraded that this expectation was at least partly ______ their improved performance.” ________, smelling a coffee - like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting a placebo（安慰剂）effect of coffee scent.
Madzharov’s team tested 100 undergraduate business students, divided into two groups, with GMAT algebra questions. One group took the test in the ______ of a coffee - like scent, while a control group took the same test - but in an unscented room. They found that the group in the coffee-smelling room scored significantly higher on the test.
Madzharov’s team wanted to know more. Could the first group’s performance in quick thinking be explained, in part, by an expectation that a coffee scent would increase ______ and consequently improve performance?
The team designed a follow-up survey, conducted among more than 200 new participants, quizzing them on ______ about various scents and their effects on human performance. Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent, in contrast with a flower scent or no scent; and that ______ to coffee scent would increase their performance on mental tasks. The results suggest that ______ about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic.
Madzharov is now looking to explore whether coffee-like scents can have a(n) ______ placebo effect on other types of performance, such as verbal reasoning. She also says that the finding - that coffee - like scent acts as a placebo for analytical reasoning performance - has many practical ______, including several for business.
“Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,” says Madzharov. “Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help ______ employees’ or occupants’ experience with their environment. It’s an area of great interest and ______.”
1.A.In contrast to B.Contrary to C.In addition to D.Equivalent to
2.A.acquired B.required C.justified D.inquired
3.A.distributes B.stimulates C.dominates D.highlights
4.A.encouraging B.imposing C.conflicting D.challenging
5.A.characterized by B.called for C.responsible for D.typical of
6.A.In short B.By comparison C.In particular D.After all
7.A.lack B., shift C.withdrawal D.presence
8.A.comprehension B.alertness C.conscience D.context
9.A.evidence B.definition C.symptom D.belief
10.A.adaptation B.commitment C.exposure D.alternative
11.A.implication B.expectation C.indication D.illustration
12.A.similar B.concrete C.modified D.estimated
13.A.simplification B.description C.resignation D.application
14.A.enhance B.evaluate C.exploit D.prospect
15.A.negotiation B.priority C.potential D.strategy
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Long-term low self-esteem can cause depression
Low self-esteem makes us feel bad about ourselves. But did you know that over time it also can cause the development of serious mental conditions such as depression?
Self-esteem is, very simply, the set of feelings you have about yourself. It’s developed by your experiences, thoughts, feelings, and relationships. 1. self-knowledge, which refers to how much you know about yourself, self-esteem is formed around whether you like yourself or not. Depression is much more than just feeling sad. It drains your energy and makes everyday activities difficult.
Doctors use low self-esteem as one possible symptom 2. they diagnose the mental condition of major depressive disorder. They don’t necessarily care 3. low self-esteem causes the depression or vice versa. However, personality researchers have long wondered about the chicken-and-egg problem of self-esteem and depression. Certainly, if you dislike yourself, you’ll be more likely 4. (depress). On the other hand, if you’re depressed, you’ll be more likely to feel bad about yourself. The only way that 5. (employ) to explore the highly related concepts of self-esteem and depression is through continuous research, 6. people are followed up over time.
A study on depression conducted by University of Basel researchers Julia Sowislo and Ulrich Orth, 7. (contrast) the competing directions of self-esteem to depression vs depression to self-esteem. The findings have revealed that over time low self-esteem is a risk factor for depression, regardless of who is tested and how. The study indicates that low self-esteem causes depression 8. not vice versa.
Therefore, if a person has low self-esteem, there’s a 9. (great) risk of developing depression. This is a very important discovery because it shows that 10. (improve) a person’s self-esteem can make him or her feel better.
假定你是李华，作为一名交换生（an exchange student）刚结束在英国为期一个月的学习。学习期间，你和房东Mr. Wilson 结下了深厚的友谊。请按下列要点给Mr. Wilson发一封邮件表示感谢：
1. 生活上的照顾；2. 学习上的帮助；3. 希望保持联系。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头语已为你写好。
Mr. Wilson,
Time flies! I’ve been back home.
Best wishes, Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear classmates,
It is a pleasure for I to have a chance to make a short speech today. Recently, I had found that some of our classmates study late into the night and do not take some time to take a rest during the day either. They often cannot help fall asleep in class. And some classmates seldom have breakfast, that is also a bad habit and will surely do harm to our health.
In my opinion, it is extreme important for us to have enough sleep and a proper diet. We must learn to make a wise use of our time, and only in this way can we keep fit or study well. I wonder if you agree me.
Thank you for listening.
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I’ve lived in three Asian cities, and they all surprised me on the upside. In the case of China, here’s 1. I like it.
It’s modern and 2. (continue) to develop all the time. They have modern 3.(city), and excellent transport facilities, including their unmatched high-speed train network. They have excellent hotels, restaurants, and beautiful parks etc.
There’s a feeling of safety and 4. (free) in Chinese cities. You can feel it from the behavior of the diverse crowd. People just do what they want. In most places no policemen 5.(see). Do you know that police in China don’t have firearms? They usually do their job silently and behave reasonably,6.(add) to the security and order.
The Chinese people are friendly. You will always get help even if you can’t speak a Chinese word besides “nihao”, 7. they can’t speak English. They’ll spend time and go out of their way 8. (explain) to you how to get somewhere, or how to buy 9. train ticket. They’ll 10. (patient) and enthusiastically explain how to get what you need. They’ll be positive and practical all the time while helping you.
A Different View
At age 14, 15 and 16, the way we looked was the most important thing in the world to us. My friends and I wanted nothing less than perfection.
In high school, we joined the gymnastics team, and our ______ became even more important to us. We had no fat, only muscle. On the weekends, we would go to the beach, _______of our flat stomachs.
One summer day, all my friends were at my house ______. At one point, I was running back to the pool. I ______ on a bee, and while it was dying under my foot, it stung(蛰) me. I instantly started to feel ______. That night, I began to run a high fever and my leg and foot were red, hot and swollen. I couldn’t walk. I could barely ______. When my foot started to go numb, everyone became more ______. My foot was not getting enough blood. I had to go to the ______, and my leg hurt as if it were badly broken. I couldn’t move. All I could do was think about how soft my waist was becoming. That ______ me more than any concern over my leg.
That would all ______ when I heard the doctors mention possibly cutting off my foot. It was still not getting the ______ supply it needed. The doctors would have to speed up their treatment.
Never before had I had such great ______ for my foot. And walking seemed like a ________from the gods. Less and less would I want to hear my friends talk about ______ and who was wearing what. More and more I expected visits from other kids in the hospital, who were quickly becoming my friends.
One girl came to visit me ______. Every time she came, she brought flowers. She was recovering from cancer and felt she should come back and ______ the other patients.
She still had no hair, and she was swollen from medications she had been taking. I would not have given this girl a second ______ before. I now loved every inch of her and looked forward to her ______.
Finally, I was improving and soon I went home. My leg was still swollen, ______ I was walking, and I had my foot! When I would go back to the hospital, I often saw my friend. She was still visiting people and ______ good cheer. I thought if even there was an angel on this earth, it had to be her.
1.A.brains B.bodies C.grades D.clothes
2.A.proud B.sure C.ashamed D.tired
3.A.dancing B.chatting C.swimming D.jogging
4.A.focused B.took C.held D.stepped
5.A.upset B.anxious C.fearful D.sick
6.A.stand B.run C.jump D.rest
7.A.interested B.relieved C.concerned D.surprised
8.A.beach B.gym C.school D.hospital
9.A.troubled B.impressed C.blamed D.shocked
10.A.happen B.change C.help D.bother
11.A.nutrition B.time C.air D.blood
12.A.devotion B.appreciation C.observation D.admiration
13.A.treat B.gift C.promise D.hand
14.A.gymnastics B.homework C.movies D.appointment
15.A.suddenly B.eventually C.regularly D.recently
16.A.advise B.serve C.encourage D.instruct
17.A.thought B.glance C.choice D.chance
18.A.flowers B.ideas C.visits D.words
19.A.so B.then C.for D.but
20.A.spreading B.gaining C.enjoying D.discovering
