It turns out that overworking your brain with either physical or mental exercise may lower your ability to delay self-satisfaction. And that may set you up for poor choices in your self-care and finances.
A new study published Thursday in the journal Current Biology asked excellent endurance athletes to overtrain for three out of nine weeks, and compared them to a group who did a normal 9-week training program.
Not only did those overworked athletes perform worse on a cycling test at the end of the overtraining MRls(核磁共振) of their brains during behavioral tasks showed more exhaustion in the cognitive control part of the brain system. “Cognitive control in this situation is the capacity to maintain exercise despite things like muscle pain,” said study author Bastien Blain, a research associate at University College London. “And what we found is that there is an intelligence factor involved in exercising and it has a limited capacity. You cannot use it forever.”
In other words, your brain will burn out and affect your body’s ability to exercise. But that’s not all. Overworking that part of the brain also reduced the athletes’ abilities to resist temptation of an immediate reward, “For example, they were asked whether they preferred $10 now or $50 in six months,” Blain said. “And those who overtrained were more likely to choose the immediate reward, which is interesting. It could provide a mechanism to explain why some athletes are using drugs to improve their performance.”
One caution about the exercise study is that it only looked at endurance athletes, said. Dr. Marc-Andre Cornier, who is associate director of Colorado University’s Anschutz Health and Wellness Center. “This is potentially very important for the higher end athlete who is overdoing it,” Cormier said. “But does this have anything to do with the average Joe going to the gym? You can’t conclude that from this study.”
1.What does the underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refer to?
A.The brain system. B.A limited capacity.
C.An intelligence factor. D.The cognitive control.
2.Why did overworked athletes tend to choose the immediate reward?
A.Because they were too eager to succeed.
B.Because all parts of their brain burned out.
C.Because overtraining led to their bad decisions.
D.Because they took drugs to improve their performance.
3.What is the passage mainly about?
A.A study about self-satisfaction.
B.Negative effects of too much exercise.
C.The relation between brain and exercise.
D.Poor choices in people’s self care and finances.
4.What can we infer from the passage?
A.There is a limit to the brain.
B.Higher end athletes have great potential.
C.Top athletes may suffer from overtraining.
D.Delaying self-satisfaction results in better performance.
The amount of time young children in the United States spend with mobile screens might raise some eyebrows, as a new report found it has tripled in just four years.
Children 8 and younger spent about 15 minutes a day staring at a mobile screen in 2013 and now they spend 48 minutes a day, according to the report by Common Sense Media, a nonprofit organization focused on helping children, parents, and educators navigate the world of media and technology.
The report, released on Thursday, also found that 42% of children 8 and younger now have their own tablet devices, a sharp increase from 7% four years ago and less than 1% in 2011.
Children spending more time on mobile devices comes as no shock to Douglas Gentile, a psychology professor at Iowa State University who was not involved in the new report but has studied the effects of media use on children.
“On the one hand, it's not surprising because it's what we look around ourselves and can see.I can see it at the airport, for example, I can see it at restaurants and I can even see it in my own home where my younger daughter watches almost no television, but she'll watch lots of TV shows on her phone, "Gentile said.
“On the other hand, it's been getting harder for parents to really monitor a lot of what their kids are seeing and doing.At the same time, they're relying on the seeming benefit of being able to quiet the kid at a restaurant with a device,” he said. “We may be building a bit of a Frankenstein’s monster, because we re using that power for our benefit, not for the child’s benefit.”
These changing patterns in how children interact with media appear to be great, said James Steyer, chief executive officer and founder of Common Sense Media.in an email to CNN. “One of the most shocking findings is that mobile devices are now as popular in the home as TVs-98% of households with kids under 8 have a mobile device,” he said. “The ubiquity of mobile is changing childhood.”
1.The writer uses figures in the second paragraph to_________.
A.prove the reliability of the report.
B.praise the efforts made by Common Sense Media.
C.indicate the popular use of mobile devices nowadays.
D.illustrate the increase of time children spend on mobile devices.
2.According to Douglas Gentile, parents_________.
A.can totally control children's use of mobile devices .
B.always use mobile devices in favor of their children.
C.partly cause children's increasing use of mobile devices.
D.often discourage their children from using mobile devices.
3.The underlined word in the last paragraph most probably means “_________”.
A.rare use. B.important role.
C.obvious benefit D.common existence
With TV shows like ''Sex and The City” and "Baywatch" making the leap to the big screen, fans of 90s sitcom "Friends" had been hoping and praying that a movie would be on the way.
Sadly, Jennifer Aniston - who played Rachel Green throughout the sitcom's 10 seasons - has now flattened hopes of a restart. In an interview with Variety, the 50-year-old actress said that although there was some interest in a movie, producers wouldn't allow it.
Asked if her former castmates Courteney Cox (Monica Geller), Lisa Kudrow (Phoebe Buffay), Matt LeBlanc (Joey Tribbiani), Matthew Perry (Chandler Bing) and David Schwimmer (Ross Geller) would be open to repeating their roles, she continued, "It depends. I mean, we haven't all sat in a room. But would we have loved to have done something together? Yeah. It would have been fun. We could have redesigned it for a couple of episodes. But whatever. Maybe it's better this way, but we'll never know.”
Aniston said she was surprised that fans are still watching reruns of the show on Netflix, 25 years after it first premiered. “It's a phenomenon that I am amazed by. To have a whole new generation of children adoring the show as much as they did back in the day when it was airing for the first time is incredible.”
Aniston's comments come just months after Adam Sandler, her co-star in the new Netflix comedy “Murder Mystery,” called on her and the cast of “Friends” to “make a movie”. “‘Friends' was a powerhouse,” he told People in June.
Marta Kauffman- who co-created the show with David Crane - has said in the past that a restart ran the risk of ruining the show's heart. “One, the show is about a time in your life when your friends are your family. It's not that time anymore,” she told Rolling Stone magazine in 2013. “All we'd be doing is putting those six actors back together, but the heart of the show would be gone. Two, I don't know what good it does us. The show is doing just fine, people love it. A reunion could only disappoint.”
1.Jennifer Aniston was amazed mainly because_____ .
A."Friends” are still being shown on Netflix
B.producers wouldn't allow the reunion of "Friends”
C.even today's young people like "Friends" so much
D.fans of 90s “Friends” expect its movie to be on the way
2. “The heart” of “Friends” mentioned by Marta Kauffman may indicate_____ .
A.the happy time of the old generation
B.the important roles of friends in modem times
C.the value of friendship in young adults’ life back then
D.the balance between friends and families 25 years ago
3.We can conclude from the passage that .
A.a "Friends" movie may never happen
B.Variety is pushing "Friends" to be filmed
C.actors of "Friends" all hope to see a reunion
D.Jennifer shows high expectation on filming "Friends"
假定你是李华，原定今年 6 月去纽约旅游并约定探访朋友 Taylor，现因故推迟。请你给Taylor 写信，包含以下要点：
1. 写信目的；
2. 推迟的原因；
3. 告知新计划。
注意：1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
This year I experienced one of the long holidays in my life. I had to stay at home to avoid being infected by coronavirus, kind of virus that resulted in a serious lung disease. The disease break out in January, taking tens of thousands of life worldwide.
As for a high school student, I didn’t just stay at home eating, sleeping or play computer games. Instead, we kept studying under my teachers’ guidance, but I’ve made great progress these days. I hope to study in Zhongshan University in the future, and that’s how I’m working so hardly now.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting.
In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake1.(consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 2. the cheeks. This is also common in France, 3. the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not 4.universal rule.
During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate,5.(leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends6.(hug) each other – something I was not used to. Hugs always make me 7.(frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing 8.(stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well.
Wouldn’t it be 9.(enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 10.(wide) acceptable? I’m not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding.
