An artificial intelligence can accurately translate thoughts into sentences, at least for a limited vocabulary of 250 words. The system may bring us a step closer to _______ speech to people who have lost the ability.
Joseph Makin at the University of California, San Francisco, and his colleagues used deep learning algorithms(算法) to study the brain _______ of four women as they spoke. The women, who all suffer from a certain kind of brain disorder, already had electrodes attached to their brains to monitor disease attacks.
Each woman was asked to read aloud from a set of sentences as the team _______ brain activity. The largest group of sentences _______ 250 unique words. The team fed this brain activity to a network algorithm related to nerves, training it to _______ regularly occurring patterns that could be linked to repeated aspects of speech. These patterns were then fed to a second network, which tried to turn them into words to _________ a sentence.
Each woman repeated the sentences at least twice, and the final repetition didn’t form part of the training data, _______ the researchers to test the system.Each time a person speaks the same sentence, the brain activity associated will be similar but not exactly the same. “Memorizing the brain activity of these sentences wouldn’t help, _______ the network instead has to learn what’s similar about them so that it can generalize to this final example,” says Makin. Across the four women, the AI’s best performance was an average translation error rate of 3 per cent.
Makin says that using a small number of sentences made it _______ for the AI to learn which words tend to follow others. For example, the AI was able to __________ that the word “Bear” was always likely to follow the word “Teddy” in a certain set of sentences, from brain activity alone.
The team tried transforming the brain signal data into __________ words at a time, rather than whole sentences, but this __________ the error rate to 38 per cent even for the best performance. “So the network clearly is learning facts about which words go together, and not just which brain activity __________ with which words,”says Makin.
This will make it hard to scale up the system to a/an __________ vocabulary because each new word increases the number of possible sentences, reducing __________. Sophie Scott at University College London says we are a long way from being able to translate brain signal data comprehensively.
1.A.assigning B.conveying C.restoring D.introducing
2.A.systems B.signals C.signatures D.symbols
3.A.illuminated B.discovered C.measured D.stopped
4.A.consisted of B.adjusted to C.agreed with D.focused on
5.A.simplify B.identify C.intensify D.justify
6.A.understand B.form C.describe D.judge
7.A.allowing B.inspiring C.instructing D.advising
8.A.because B.so C.if D.but
9.A.quicker B.slower C.easier D.tougher
10.A.split B.reflect C.decode D.tear
11.A.individual B.common C.modified D.technical
12.A.increased B.decreased C.leveled D.degraded
13.A.furnished B.mixed C.associated D.armed
14.A.passive B.active C.limited D.expanded
15.A.tendency B.currency C.accuracy D.fluency
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
After graduation, Susan was asked to become the executive director of the Floating Hospital. She hesitated at first, as it was a demanding job and she wondered whether she could handle it. But on second thoughts, she agreed to take the job. 1. this job turned out rewarding, she soon got tired of it. 2. (seat) at her desk one day, she wanted to go down to the New School for Social Research all of a sudden. Since she always believed intuition（直觉） was an advantage she 3. trust, she decided to have a go.
Without any plan, she titled the course ‘Feel the Fear and Do It Anyway’. Susan was nervous as she faced the first session of the twelve-week course. The two hours went on smoothly, but she then 4. (challenge) with a new fear, for she didn’t know what to present the next week. But surprisingly, every week she found she had more to say. Her confidence level growing, she realized. She had equipped 5. so much over the years about getting over fear and her students were drinking it up. At the end of the course, they were amazed at 6. shifting their thinking really changed their lives.
Susan eventually decided to write a book based on the course she had taught. She faced many obstacles. And after 7. (reject) by four agents and various publishers, she unwillingly put the proposal in a drawer.
After three years of writing, one day she went through the drawer 8. she held her much-rejected book proposal. Picking it up, she had a sharp sense that she held something in her hands many people needed to read. Therefore she set out with much determination 9.(find) a publisher who believed in her book the same way she did. This time, she succeeded. She succeeded beyond her wildest dreams.
She was so happy that she followed her heart and never gave up overcoming fears which stood 10. her way.
Questions are based on the following passage.
1.
A.They are planning activities for the weekend.
B.They are looking for an apartment in the city.
C.They are complaining about the urban living environment
D.They are discussing living places and children’s education.
2.
A.The natural environment is beneficial to children.
B.The countryside is a perfect place for weekends.
C.There is much to do besides work and study.
D.It’s convenient for people to go anywhere.
3.
A.There is a lot to see and do for children and adults.
B.The children are too young to benefit from city life.
C.There isn’t enough for children to see and do in the city.
D.Even adults themselves cannot go everywhere in the city.
4.
A.She is a full-time housewife.
B.She does not care for her children.
C.She lived in the suburbs as a child.
D.She will go to a museum next weekend.
Questions are based on the following passage.
1.
A.How to do the gardening B.How to get birds to a garden.
C.How to take care of birds. D.How to feed birds in a garden.
2.
A.Shelter. food and water. B.Fruit water and insects
C.Plants. shelter and food. D.Plants. seeds and insects.
3.
A.Not to observe them. B.Not to approach them.
C.Play with them regularly. D.Play some music for them.
Questions are based on the following passage.
1.
A.Wash his hands thoroughly. B.Practice eating pie quickly.
C.Avoid eating much food. D.Prepare the right taste of pic
2.A.On the table. B.Under the bottom. C.On his lap. D.Behind his back.
3.
A.Swallowing the pie with water.
B.Holding the pie in the right position.
C.Eating from the outside toward the middle.
D.Looking sideways to see how fast your neighbour eats.
A.He can’t get the books on the list. B.He lacks time to take the course.
C.He doesn’t like history at all. D.He must read a lot of books.
