All animals—from humans to birds，worms and crocodiles—sleep，however，not all species sleep alike. Scientists have long puzzled over which aspects are truly fundamental. Now a new study on lizards(蜥蜴)suggests that sleep states once thought to occur only in mammals and birds have much older evolutionary origins.
Scientists had long doubted that birds and mammals are the only vertebrates(脊椎动物)to experience rapid eye movement(REM)，a sleep state in which the body is mostly immobile but the brain is overworking. During REM sleep，the brain produces high-frequency waves of electrical activity and the eyes turn suddenly from time to time. In humans，REM is closely linked to dreaming. REM is a pattern of slow-wave sleep，a state in which brain activity weakens and the waves become more consistent. This slower state is widely thought to be important to memory formation and storage.
“But scientists who looked for signs of REM and slow-wave sleep in reptiles(爬行动物) have had‘confusing’results，”says Gilles Laurent，a neuroscientist at the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research in Frankfurt，Germany. So he and his colleagues had planned to examine how the lizards—a common pet in Germany use visual information to chase treats. Using camera，the team found that the sleeping lizards’eyes twitched during the REM-like stage，just like other animals. They also found a very familiar pattern within the slower phase of the lizards’brain waves. Some scientists believe these waves help transform new information into memories by replaying past events quickly.
Although more studies are still needed to determine whether the function of these brain wave patterns is the same across species，the results suggest that these REM and slow-wave sleep patterns could date all the way back to the common ancestor of reptiles，birds，and mammals.
1.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A.The origin of human dream.
B.The definition and effect of REM.
C.The features and course of memory.
D.The advantages and disadvantages of REM.
2.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word“twitched”in paragraph 3 ?
A.opened wide B.moved quickly
C.stayed closed D.kept still
3.How does the lizards’brain waves turn information into memories according to some scienfists?
A.By increasing their frequency slowly.
B.By changing their pattern occasionally.
C.By playing back the past events quickly.
D.By connecting visual information effectively.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.The function of the brain wave is the same.
B.All the animals have the common ancestor.
C.The sleep pattern of all the animals is the same.
D.The study about sleep pattern has a long way to go.
Yesterday，I drove my 23-year-old daughter to the nearby counseling center，to attempt once again to complete the treatment. I did my best to encourage and give her inspiring support as she was feeling anxious of the whole process.
While we were waiting，just minutes before the center opened their door，a young girl the same age as my daughter，came in. She had a beautiful smile I remember，and spoke of her desire to make a difference for others like my daughter from a11 she learned through her past drug abuse. I felt that she was sincere in her desire. It had been two weeks since her stopping the use of drugs.
My daughter was standing next to me and focused on doing her best to stay calm on the outside，while inside she was feeling quite anxious，so she barely noticed what this girl was saying. Yet，she did manage to open up and talk with her a bit about the noisy ceiling fan in the hall where we were waiting.
Next Friday，it will be a new opportunity for my daughter to try once again，as well as the possibility of being there for this young girl，too. I continue the example ot sell-love for my daughter，strengthening this skill，while encouraging my daughter’s positive changes.
I noticed yesterday，my daughter called her friends，“I am a strong woman!”This made me smile，as a sudden gift to me from when I had been speaking to her enthusiastically about how we are strong women，trying our best，and we overcome and win through our life challenges. Let her know I believe in her. While she was focused on the physical，in that moment，I think she was likely feeling strength in all ways，too. I hope so.
1.What was the problem with the author’s daughter?
A.She was seriously i11.
B.She lost bravery to face life.
C.She had to receive an operation.
D.She was suffering from drugs.
2.What did the author’s daughter talk about with the young girl?
A.The room facility.
B.The anxiety of treatment.
C.The crowded waiting hall.
D.The noisy patients around.
3.What do we know about the author’s daughter from the last paragraph?
A.She made friends with the girl.
B.She was cured completely.
C.She regained confidence.
D.She respected her mother.
4.What may be the best title for the text?
A.We’re Enough，Waiting For Challenges
B.We’re The World，Winning The Future
C.We’re Strong Women，Trying Our Best
D.We’re On The Hard Way，Lacking Self-Love
Is it possible to build muscle and meanwhile lose fat?Please allow us to bring the following two facts to your attention first.
Fact 1：Losing fat requires a caloric deficit(亏损)，which means consuming less calories than your body needs so that stored body fat is used for energy instead.
Fact 2：Building muscle requires a caloric surplus(盈余)，which means consuming more calories than your body needs so that new muscle tissue can be created.
And it’s this realization that leads those of us who want to build figure and lose fat ideally at the exact same time to wonder just how we’re supposed to make it happen?
The 4-week Online Workout Course professionally designed by Super Fitness will perfectly resolve the conflict，making it possible for you to both build muscle and lose fat.
Targeted groups：
●Male and female willing to be athletic.
You’re promised to：
●Simply follow us along and keep your ears open to the tips and suggestions we keep giving while working out. The videos are follow-along. We’11 also immediately reply to any doubts or questions.
●Be able to lose two pounds of fat per week and get super fit.
●Save a lot of time by taking on-line course. No gym means no traffic!
●Save a ton of money with 25％off at the Year End Promotion.
You’re only required to：
●Eagerness for a perfect figure.
●Willingness to tolerate some discomfort.
Contact Super Fitness by clicking here!
1.What’s the purpose of mentioning the conflict of building muscle and losing fat?
A.To bring out the course. B.To clear confusion.
C.To stress importance. D.To warn the danger.
2.How many pounds of fat in all does the course promise to lose?
A.2. B.4.
C.6. D.8.
3.Where is the text 1ikely to be taken from?
A.A newspaper. B.A website.
C.A fitness book. D.A biology magazine.
假如你是李华。你已和英国朋友Eric约定于本周三下午去高铁站接他。但你临时有重要会议不能如约前往，将委托他人接站。请你用英语给Eric写一封致歉信，主要内容包括：
1. 表示歉意；
2. 解释原因；
3. 接站安排。
注意：
1. 词数80词左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
根据首字母或中文解释写出空缺处单词的正确形式。
1.Please do remember to a______ a recent photo to your application form.
2.His face looks f______ to me, but I forget his name completely.
3.Staff may not leave early without the p______(许可) of the director.
4.There is often a great c______(庆祝) of Christmas Eve in America.
5.Many fruits are s______, appearing only at certain times of a year.
6.With children, it is important to achieve the right b______ between love and discipline.
7.Can you tell us about your s______(强项，长处) and weaknesses?
8.This vocabulary book is of great b______(好处) to you, from which you can acquire so much knowledge.
9.The boss made a g______(真诚的) attempt to improve the working conditions.
10.The journalist was on the s______ when the accident happened at the street corner.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some of you may play Ant Forest, 1. game on Alipay. Users collect “energy” to make their “trees” grow. When the “energy” 2. (reach) a certain level, some 3.(organize) and companies will plant a real tree in a desert area of China. And now it seems that the nation’s efforts to make a greener world have paid 4..
According to a study 5. (publish) in the journal Nature Sustainability, China and India are 6. (main) responsible for making the Earth greener over the past two decades. The study has found that since 2000 the Earth’s green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 5 million square kilometers, 7. is an area equal to the total area of the Amazon rainforest. China and India account for one 8. (three) of the increased greening, but contain only 9 percent of the planet’s land area covered in vegetation (植被). China was the major contributor, adding 25 percent 9. this increase, while India added 6.8 percent. There is no denying that China is one of the most successful countries in10.(green) the desert.
