Facial-Recognition Technology Cannot Read Emotions
Do not believe claims that facial-recognition technology can accurately identify people’s emotions, advised several scientists at the 2020 AAAS Annual Meeting in Seattle.
Such claims that a photo of a face can be easily_______are based on a flawed theory that we smile when we are happy and scowl (沉下脸) when angry, said Professor Aleix Martinez. “There’s no way that technology will ever be able to detect_______ that you’re experiencing following that approach,” Martinez said.
Research shows that, on average, people scowl only 30% of the time that they are angry, said Lisa Feldman Barrett, professor of psychology at Northeastern University. The rest of the time, they make other faces when they are angry, she said._______, people may scowl for other reasons — “when they’re concentrating, when someone tells them a bad joke,” she said. “Any AI that is claiming to detect a scowl and interpreting it as anger has some real_______.”
So much goes into communicating our emotions beyond our_______ movements. Other factors involving little use of language include our body pose, body movement and hormone responses like those that cause one’s face to go red from embarrassment or_______, said Martinez.
Martinez offered an example of the importance of having enough information. For instance, when he showed people a photo of a _________ man with his mouth wide open and his eyes nearly closed, most thought the man was extremely angry, his research showed. Yet anyone viewing the context — that the subject was a soccer player — could_________ that he was displaying excitement while celebrating a goal.
A mistake like this may not matter much, but so-called emotion-recognition technology has a larger reach. The technology’s _________ to incorporate facial movements could have serious, even dangerous outcomes, said Martinez. AI is sometimes used in classrooms, in the judicial (司法的) system and in hiring for jobs, he noted. Many of these systems learn from U.S. and European data ______________ by white people. Such inputs could negatively impact, for instance, the hiring of candidates of other races, Martinez said. “I think we have to take seriously the______________ in which this AI is being used,” said Barrett.
Seth Pollak, professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, shared research about the____________ of our ability to understand facial expressions and emotions. For several decades, scientists thought that infants arrived into the world with a little understanding about emotions, Pollak said. To the contrary, babies do not express____________ emotions. They have a distress system that broadcasts whether they are OK or not. Children learn about emotions beyond good or bad, and research shows that even with incredibly brief levels of exposure to contextual information, very young children start to change how they____________ their inferences about other people’s emotions. “Human brains are actually able to____________ patterns and make inferences about what might be happening at a sophisticated computational level with actually very little experience.” he said.
1.A.recognized B.interpreted C.noticed D.realized
2.A.emotions B.experiences C.incidents D.impacts
3.A.Therefore B.However C.Anyway D.Additionally
4.A.outlooks B.problems C.results D.mysteries
5.A.body B.brain C.facial D.gesture
6.A.disappointment B.unemotionality C.excitement D.shock
7.A.red-faced B.long-eyed C.round-shouldered D.short-haired
8.A.propose B.ensure C.indicate D.infer
9.A.failure B.capability C.fight D.initiative
10.A.dominated B.calculated C.concluded D.preserved
11.A.approach B.direction C.context D.contest
12.A.varieties B.differences C.resources D.origins
13.A.specific B.internal C.strong D.uncomfortable
14.A.pick B.categorize C.express D.expect
15.A.take out B.bring out C.carry out D.figure out
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Luxembourg makes all public transport free
One square meter Luxembourg makes all public transport free. With a population of 602,000, Luxembourg is one of Europe’s 1. (small) countries - yet it suffers from major traffic jams. But that could be about to change. As of March 1, 2020 all public transport - trains, trams and buses - in the country is now free. The government hopes the move 2. (ease) heavy crowding and bring environmental benefits.
Tiny country, big traffic 3. (landlock) Luxembourg which is surrounded by three countries is one of the richest countries in Europe. 4. (take) up 2,586 square kilometers, Luxembourg is roughly the size of Rhode Island. From the capital of Luxembourg City, Belgium, France and Germany 5. all be reached by car in half an hour.
High housing costs, especially in Luxembourg City, mean more than 180,000 of the country’s workforce make regular journeys from those neighboring countries every day. Luxembourg is a very attractive place for jobs. But 6. “booming economy” and high concentration of jobs have led to crowding issues.
In 2016, Luxembourg had 662 cars per 1,000 people, and driving is a “primary means of transportation” for people. That year, drivers in Luxembourg City spent an average of 33 hours in traffic jams. It fared worse than European cities Copenhagen and Helsinki, 7. have comparable population sizes to all of Luxembourg - yet drivers in both only spent an average of 24 hours in traffic. Park and rides around Luxembourg’s borders in the three neighboring countries, however, will encourage commuters to use free mass transit.
Free transport for all Luxembourg’s public transport system covers the whole country and costs $562 million per year to run. The government is putting up the cost of it free so that the people can benefit from the good economy. People still hold the concern 8.making transport free may unintentionally prevent people who would normally walk or cycle in urban areas. 9.walking 500 meters, people see a bus coming and they say, “we can get on and travel 500 meters 10.it’s free”.However, the new scheme can signal important changes ahead when it comes to Luxembourg’s reliance on driving.
The government might say, “It’s important that you throw away your car, and look, we made public transport free” - and maybe this is helpful given the enormous cultural shift we need.”
Questions are based on the following passage.
1.
A.He feels lonely living all by himself.
B.He finds it hard to afford the rent all by himself.
C.He wants to get help with his courses from his roommate.
D.He need to find somebody to make the apartment more comfortable.
2.
A.The fridge is broken by a heavy box.
B.The carpet in the living room is old and dirty.
C.The toilet is blocked and the sink has a few leaks.
D.The windows in the bathroom can keep the heat up.
3.
A.Attractive price. B.Convenient location.
C.Relaxing atmosphere. D.Furnished bedroom.
4.
A.Offer a loan to the man. B.Find a job for the man.
C.Help the man fix up the house. D.Look for another place.
Questions are based on the following passage.
1.
A.To find out what happened to the atmosphere and water of our planet.
B.To explore what occurred to the natural environment on Mars.
C.To confirm that Mars has a much thicker atmosphere now.
D.To have access to an orbit to circle around the Red Planet.
2.
A.Robots that can operate on batteries.
B.Robots that are less expensive to build.
C.Robots that can run quickly on four legs.
D.Robots that have greater load capacity.
3.
A.Its influence on U.S. movies and TV shows.
B.Its tough demands on overseas students.
C.Its attempt to spread American culture.
D.Its exclusion of American values.
Questions are based on the following passage.
1.
A.Bank clerk. B.Restaurant servant.
C.Baby sitter. D.Campus gardener.
2.
A.Write a sound resume. B.Select appropriate courses.
C.Arrange their work schedules. D.Improve their interviewing techniques.
3.
A.To inform students of a university program.
B.To interest students in a career in counseling.
C.To get counselors to work in the placement office.
D.To convince local organizations to hire college students.
A.She would like to have the typewriter removed.
B.Someone else may need the typewriter.
C.She does not like the spare desk.
D.The office is dusty and old.
