Summary writing.
Craig Silverman, a journalist, tracked rumors circulating online in 2014 and found that shares and social interactions around fake news articles dwarfed those of the articles that debunked(戳穿) them. According to Silverman, fake news stories are engineered to appeal to people's hopes and fears, and aren't constrained by reality, which gives them the edge in creating shareable content.
You might think you're immune to(对…免疫) falling for these lies, but a wealth of research disagrees. Back in the 1940s, researchers found that "the more a rumor is told, the greater is its plausibility(可信度)". This means a rumor born out of mild suspicion can, by gaining currency, shift public thinking and opinion.
It gets worse：studies show that students tend to place enormous trust in search engines to deliver accurate results, often turning to the first result returned-a concern given that fake news can appear in the section for news stories displayed, for example, above Google's search results.
So how can you protect yourself from digital lies? An easy step is to check who produced it. Often itis clear from the URI, that a website is pretending to be reputable by stealing the name and style of another publication. Also, take a look at the other stories on the website. Fake news websites often have nothing but fake content. If all the stories are outrageous, consider it a red flag. Finally, search for coverage of the story elsewhere, if a story is false you'll often find it debunked on websites such as snopes.com.
Summary: (NO MORE THAN FOUR words for each blank).
Meeting people's 1. and freed from 2., fake news is found to 3. especially when 4.. Worse still, students 5., particularly those 6.of search results. For 7., website visitors should 8. and 9., or 10. for verification.
Grammar
It was her notion that boys my age needed "a good thrashing" when they misbehaved. These she administered with my belt, often for what seemed to me like small offenses 1. coming home late for supper because I was having a good time sledding on the hill. A man had a responsibility to meet his social obligations on time. Small as she was, she 2. still make the snapping belt sting when it lashed across my bared legs, but I hated the indignity of these beatings so much that I refused to satisfy her with 3. discreetly pretended show of tears.
My failure to cry during her "thrashings" fueled my mother's anger, and I knew it. Tears 4. (be) evidence that I had learned the lesson. My silent submission to her heaviest blows intensified her fury. If she had been a man she would have been able to make me cry for mercy, but because she was not, and because I did not weep, she struck 5. (hard).
I knew that faking the tears would gratify her and end the punishment, but I refused. The injustice and humiliation of 6.(beat) hurt so greatly that I deliberately accepted the worst gritted my teeth and, when the belt had fallen four or five times, muttered, "That doesn't hurt me." In these moments 7. we were very close to bitter hatred of 8.. We were two wills of iron. She was determined to break me: I was just as determined 9. she would not.
In the end she was the one who always cried, and then, when she had thrown the belt aside and collapsed on a chair weeping quietly, the anger and hatred instantly drained out of me, and 10. (overcome) with pity and love. I rushed to embrace and kiss her, saying "It's all right, Mama, it's all right. I'll never do it again. I promise, I'll never do it again."
Franz Kafka wrote that "a book must be the ax(斧子) for the frozen sea inside us". I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, when we'd just finished John Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men. Reading the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little. They understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that they realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I've taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless: kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. 1.
For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school-one that often attracts the literary-minded children of Manhattan's upper classes-into a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates, who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph. D.'s. 2.
Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. 3. About The Red Pony, one student said, "it's about being a man, it's about manliness." I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth's soliloquies(独白) read as raps, but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck's writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that "all these people hate each other, and they're all white." 4.Year after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in thein first year in college as a result of the classes.
A.We taught students to read increasingly complex texts for emotional punch (碰撞).
B.I thought additional "cultural capital" could help such students develop better in high school.
C.His historical view was broadened, his sense of his own country deepened and outlook improved.
D.They understand, better than I, the novel's terrible logic-the giving way of dreams to fate.
E.The students didn't always read from the expected point of view.
F.They learnt that words do not only confuse but also amaze people.
Countries are failing to take the action needed to stave off the worst effects of climate change, a UN climate report has found, and the commitments made in the 2015 Paris agreement will not be met unless governments introduce additional measures as a matter of urgency.
New taxes on fossil fuels, investment in clean technology and much stronger government policies to bring down emissions are likely to be necessary. Governments must also stop subsidizing (补贴) fossil fuels, directly and indirectly, the report said.
Greenhouse gas emissions continued their long-term rise last year, according to the report, but they could be brought under control. There are promising signs, such as investment from the private sector in renewable energy and other technologies to cut carbon, but these are currently insufficient to meet scientific advice.
Global emissions have reached what the UN has called "historic levels" of 53.5 gigatonnes(十亿吨) of carbon dioxide equivalent, and are showing no signs of peaking, despite a leveling off in the past decade.
Joyce Msuya, deputy executive director of UN Environment, said: "The science is clear: for all the ambitious climate action we've seen, governments need to move faster and with greater urgency. We're feeding this fire, while the means to extinguish it are within reach. "
Last month, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) warned of the dire effects of allowing global warming to reach 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels. The world has a little over a decade to bring down greenhouse gas emissions before such dangerous levels of warming become inevitable.
Only 57 countries, representing 60%of global greenhouse gas emissions, are on track to cause their emissions to peak before 2030.If emissions are allowed to rise beyond that, the IPCC has said countries are likely to breach the 1.5℃ limit, which will trigger sea-level rises, droughts, floods and other extreme weather events.
According to the Paris agreement, the first global pact to bind both developed and developing countries to a specific temperature goal, governments must do all they can to stop warming reaching 2℃ above pre-industrial levels, with an aspiration to limit warming to no more than 1.5℃.
Jian Liu, the chief scientist at UN Environment, said some of the necessary policies were clear and available, if there was political will to implement them. "When governments embrace fiscal(财政的) policy measures to subsidize low-carbon alternatives and tax fossil fuels, they can stimulate the right investments in the energy sector and significantly reduce carbon emissions. If all fossil fuel subsidies were phased out, global carbon emissions could be reduced by up to 10% by 2030."
1.Which of the following ideas is NOT included in the UN climate report?
A.Governments should stop their subsidy to the coal and petroleum industry.
B.The efforts made by the government showed some promising signs.
C.Man has been breaking the historical records of global emissions.
D.There is still hope for us to control Greenhouse gas emission.
2.How do you interpret the underlined sentence in paragraph 5?
A.The situation is dangerous and we need to do something to bring it under control.
B.Immediate fire-fighting measures should be taken to keep the fire under control.
C.We are making climate efforts but the achieved effects can be easily reversed.
D.To reduce emissions, we need to close down the fossil-fuel-powered plants.
3.Which of the following statements is True according to the Paris agreement?
A.It is desirable for humanity to limit the temperature rise within 1.5℃.
B.Countries need to control the temperature rise within 2℃ above prehistoric level.
C.Developed and developing countries are bound by their own temperature goals.
D.Disastrous climate change will be irrecoverable if we exceed the 1.5℃ limit.
4.What does the word "dire" mean in paragraph 6?
A.upcoming B.hazardous
C.crucial D.convincing
5.What's the primary purpose of this article?
A.To show a huge gap between words and deeds in fighting global warning.
B.To present a clear picture of how Paris agreement is implemented.
C.To appeal for further global commitment to avoid disastrous climate.
D.To warn of worsening climate caused by lack of combined human effort.
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Westley said to me in a whisper: "God damn! I'm tired of sitting here. Let's get up and be saved." So he got up and was saved.
Then I was left alone on the mourners' bench. My aunt came and knelt at my knees and cried, while prayers and songs circled, all around me in the little church. The whole room prayed for me alone. And I kept waiting quietly for Jesus, waiting, waiting-but he didn't come. I want to see him, but nothing happened to me. Nothing!
"Langston, why don't you come? Why don't you come and be saved? Oh. Lamb of God! Why don't you come?"
Now it was really getting late. I began to be ashamed of myself, holding everything up so long. I began to wonder what God thought about Westley, who certainly hadn't seen Jesus either, but who was now sitting proudly on the platform, swinging his legs and grinning down at me, surrounded by deacons(教堂执事) and old women on their knees praying. God had not struck Westley dead for lying in the temple. So I decided that maybe to save further trouble, I'd better lie, too, and say that Jesus had come, and get up and be saved. So I got up.
Suddenly the whole room broke into a sea of shouting, as they saw me rise. Waves of rejoicing swept he place. Women leaped in the air. My aunt threw her arms around me. The minister(牧师) took me by the hand and led me to the platform.
When things quieted down, in a hushed silence, interrupted by a few joyous "Amens," all the new young lambs were blessed in the name of God. Then happy singing filled the room.
That night, for the last time in my life but one-for I was a big boy twelve years old-I cried. I cried in bed alone, and couldn't stop. I buried my head under the quilts, but my aunt heard me. She woke up and old my uncle I was crying because the Holy Ghost had come into my life, but I was really crying because I couldn't bear to tell her that I deceived everybody in the church, that I hadn't seen Jesus, and that now I didn't believe there was a Jesus any more, since he didn't come to help me.
1.I attended a special ceremony ________.
A.to be saved by Jesus and blessed B.to become a member of the church
C.to celebrate the appearance of Jesus D.to be given judgment for my sin
2.________, I got up at last.
A.Afraid of being struck dead by God
B.Eager to join Westley sitting on the platform
C.Ashamed of delaying the coming of God
D.Guilty of causing trouble to all the others
3.What can be inferred about the new young lambs in the service?
A.There were all saved by the God.
B.They all committed a sin.
C.They all saw Jesus except Westley and me.
D.They all deserved God's blessing.
4.I cried that night because I was ________.
A.forced to accept a merciless God
B.conscience-stricken at cheating before God
C.more a saved lamb than a liar
D.deprived of my belief in the existence of Jesus
