Different countries have different tipping customs. When you travel, you need to know how to tip in the country that you’re in; otherwise you’ll leave servers angry everywhere you go.Here are just a few guidelines to tipping around the world.
Brazil
There will always be a standard 10% service charge added to your bill, and you won’t necessarily have to tip. If you do feel like being generous, an extra 5-10% will really make your server very happy. Just remember to do this as skillfully as possible—Brazilians don’t make a big show of this.
Dubai
In Dubai it’s a rule for restaurants to charge 10% tip on all restaurant and bar bills. You can add a couple of dirhams（迪拉姆,货币单位）to this if you feel like it. Waiters are not paid very much in Dubai, so it is always very appreciated.
Germany
German bars and restaurants will include the tip as part of what you owe, but that’s not all you have to pay. It is a custom to round the bill up after that, usually to the euro. This can be anywhere from 5-10%. When it’s time to settle up, you won’t get a bill: your waiter tells you the total and then you tell them how much you want to pay, including your “tip”, and hand over the money.
Czech Republic
While locals in the Czech Republic don’t leave tips, that doesn’t mean you’re off the hook.Foreign tourists are definitely expected to leave some kind of tip for service—as long as you’re in a high tourist traffic area, like Prague for instance. The standard tip is 10%.
India
If you like the service, go ahead and tip your server 5-10%. You have to adjust that amount though, based on how big the meal you’re eating is. If the bill is for a small meal, and totals less than 300 rupees, tip the full 10%. If the bill is higher, tip towards the 5%.
1.In which country do customers have to tip at least 10% for the service?
A.Dubai B.India
C.Germany D.Czech Republic
2.Which country has different tip cultures between citizens and foreigners?
A.Dubai B.Germany
C.India D.Czech Republic
3.If your bill is 2000 rupees in India, it is proper for you to tip________ rupees.
A.10 B.80
C.120 D.200
请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇120词左右的文章。
A Texas woman hired a photographer named Victoria Haltom to take her pictures. Following her client’s orders, Victoria heavily photoshoped (用图像处理软件修改) the pictures. Months later, Victoria received an unexpected email from the woman's husband.
“When I opened the album that she gave to me, my heart sank,” the husband wrote. “You're clearly a very talented photographer. Although the woman in these pictures is beautiful, she is not my wife. You made every one of her flaws (缺陷) disappear. I'm sure this is exactly what she asked you to do, but these pictures have taken away everything that makes up our life.”
“When you took away her stretch marks (妊娠纹), you took away the documentation of my children. When you took away her wrinkles, you took away over two decades of our laughter and our worries.”
“Seeing these images made me realize that I honestly do not tell my wife enough how much I love her. She thought these photoshopped images are what I want her to look like. I have to do better, and for the rest of my days I’m going to celebrate her in all her imperfections.”
［写作内容］
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2. 用约90个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：
（1）支持或反对这个学校的做法；
(2) 用2—3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
［写作要求］
1. 可以支持文中任一观点，但必须提供理由或论据；
2. 阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句；
3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
4. 不必写标题。
［评分标准］
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
请认真阅读下列各个小题，并根据每题中所给的首字母或中文提示，写出下列各句空格中的单词，注意保持词义和形式的一致。请将答案的完整形式写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每空只能填一个单词。
1.I respect his __________(判断) and I’ll follow any advice he gives me.
2.Please accept this gift in __________(感谢) of what you’ve done for us.
3.Frankly speaking, I did it out of my __________(意愿).
4.The dictionary is under __________(修改) before it is published.
5.The problem of food __________(安全) has become household talk in China.
6.This painting is just a copy, and the o__________ one is in the National Gallery in London.
7.The medicine will do harm to people’s health if c__________ in large quantities.
8.He doesn’t work hard this term, as a result of which he can’t get enough c__________.
9.According to the facts, he can’t possibly be g__________ of robbery.
10.The boy was so a__________ in the computer game that he knocked into a tree.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（不超过3个单词）
Buying books on the internet is a great way to save time and money. Online bookstores offer not only new books but also used books. What’s more, they are far better 1. (compare) to traditional bookstores as they offer much broader kinds of books. You can either click the kind of e-books online 2. type the book title or get it in seconds. Another advantage of shopping online is that you can also read the book reviews as well as readers’ reviews to get an idea 3. the book is worth buying. Online bookstores often offer great discounts, 4. is a big attraction for book lovers with a tight budget.
For book lovers, 5. is most important to get books in time, in which case they need to find a 6.(rely) online bookstore that is able to provide fast deliveries.
Here are some tips for 7.(refer) when you are selecting an online bookstore. Some online bookstores are popular for fiction books; some are 8. non-fiction books or novels, etc. Understanding their specialization will help you to get the right kinds of books in time. Remember to check whether you will be buying books from a third-party seller or directly from the websites. Never jump at stores that offer 9.(believe) cheap prices, as books that 10.(sell) at such low prices could be in very bad condition.
A dog’s mind is only equal to that of a two-year-old baby. 1. Therefore, they are probably the first to notice any change in the behavior of their masters. Let’s do some deep-digging to understand the amazing ability of a dog.
They sense your feelings. Isn’t it strange? 2. This is true. A study published in the Animal Cognition journal says that dogs are known to come to people who appear sad or depressed. It doesn’t matter if the person is their owner or a stranger. They have an ability to sense sadness and are attached to troubled souls.
3. Dogs can easily tell when you’re playing with favorites, and if you reward or play more with other pets, your dog might notice it and feel uncomfortable. As they can’t say how they feel, they will scratch, yawn or lick their mouths.
They smell fear. Let’s say you’re faced with your worst fear. Would you get scared and run away or just face it? Before choosing how to deal with it, you should remember one thing. 4. Research shows that dogs often sense their masters’ responses in dangerous situations. If you fear something and choose to back away, chances are that your pet is going to do the same thing.
They’re watching you. We are all raised as respectable individuals who are taught to respect elders, obey the law and help out people in need from time to time. 5. But if you have a dog at home, it is time to be serious about them. Dogs like generous people. So just be careful around your pet; it may judge you on how you behave with others.
A. They sense health problems.
B. They understand when ignored.
C. They know when no one’s looking at them.
D. You would be setting an example to your pet.
E. Every time you feel sad, you dog just know it.
F. But dogs are able to sense everything around them.
G. However, not all of us take these three things seriously.
Drug companies have spent billions of dollars searching for therapies to reverse or significantly slow Alzheimer’s disease, but in vain. Some researchers argue that the best way to make progress is to create better animal models for research, and several teams are now developing mice that more closely imitate how the disease destroys people’s brains.
The US National Institutes of Health (NIH), the UK Dementia Research Institute and Jackson Laboratory (JAX) - one of the world’s biggest suppliers of lab mice - are among the groups trying to genetically design more suitable mice. Scientists are also exploring the complex web of mutations(突变) that influences neurological(神经学的) decline in mice and people.
“We appreciate that the models we had were insufficient. I think it’s sort of at a critical moment right now.” says Bruce Lamb, a neuro-scientist at Indiana University who directs the NIH-funded programme.
Alzheimer’s is marked by cognitive impairment(认知损伤) and the build-up of amyloid-protein plaques(淀粉样蛋白块) in the brains of people, but the disease does not occur naturally in mice. Scientists get around this by studying mice that have been genetically modified to produce high levels of human amyloid protein. These mice develop plaques in their brains, but they still do not display the memory problems seen in people.
Many experimental drugs that have successfully removed plaques from mouse brains have not lessened the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease in people. One focused stumble came last month, when three companies reported that their Alzheimer’s drugs had failed in large, late-stage clinical trials. Although the drugs successfully blocked the accumulation of amyloid protein in mice, they seemed to worsen cognitive decline and brain shrinkage in people.
The drive for better mouse models comes as genomics studies are linking the most common form of Alzheimer’s to dozens of different genes. This diversity suggests that each case of the disease is caused by a different combination of genetic and environmental factors. “There is no single Alzheimer’s disease,” says Gareth Howell, a neuro-scientist at Jackson Laboratory (JAX) in Bar Harbor, Maine.
Howell argues that scientists’ reliance on lab mice with only a few genetically engineered mutations might have limited research. His own work suggests that in mice, just as in people, genetic diversity plays a part in determining how Alzheimer’s develops.
1.What do you know about the lab mice used for the Alzheimer’s research from the text?
A.The lab mice also display the memory problems.
B.Suitable lab mice are fundamental to the research.
C.Mice with Alzheimer’s disease suffer from mutations.
D.Drugs have been invented to slow Alzheimer’s disease.
2.From paragraph 5, we can know that the experimental drugs “__________”.
A.functioned well in large, early-stage clinical trials
B.fail to make people get rid of the relevant symptoms
C.successfully prevent people forming amyloid protein
D.worsen cognitive decline and brain shrinkage in mice
3.What does Gareth Howell think of Alzheimer’s?
A.It is various genes that count in the development of Alzheimer’s.
B.The increasingly polluted environment contributes to Alzheimer’s.
C.The most common form of Alzheimer’s is the drive for better mice.
D.It is caused by the accumulation of amyloid-protein plaques in people.
4.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
A.Experimental drugs successfully reverse Alzheimer’s
B.The real causes of Alzheimer’s have been confirmed
C.Alzheimer’s is the biggest memory killer in the aged
D.Frustrated Alzheimer’s researchers seek better lab mice
