In habitats across the planet, animals periodically drop everything to walk, fly or swim to a new place. Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migration (迁移) paths by following their parents. Others, including small songbirds, gain the distance and direction of their migration within their genetic (遗传的) code. And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration.
Another group of migrators does not quite fit either model, and researchers have only recently started to figure out how they find their way. Take the Cory's shearwater, an oceangoing sea bird that migrates over the Atlantic every year. The young do not migrate with their parents, so culture cannot explain their journeys. And the exact paths vary wildly from individual to individual, making genetics equally unlikely.
Cory's shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the "exploration-refinement", and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals' movements.
But a team of researchers has done that by attaching small geolocators to more than 150 of the birds aged four to nine. They found that younger birds traveled longer distances, for longer periods, and had more diverse paths than older birds. “We finally have evidence of the "exploration-refinement" for migratory birds," says Letizia Campioni, who led the study. Younger Cory's shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults- but they do not, suggesting that the young do more exploring, which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course.
“Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies, ‘exploration refinement’ could be beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made changes,” says Barbara Frei. “It might be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might no longer be safe.”
1.The first paragraph mainly .
A.describes animals' habitats B.talks about migration models
C.compares different species D.introduces a tracking technology
2.What does the underlined word "this" in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.The long life of Cory's shearwaters.
B.The way Cory's shearwaters form their migration patterns.
C.The opening for learning and practice.
D.The process scientists track Cory's shearwaters' movements.
3.What docs Letizia Campioni's study find about the younger Cory's shearwaters?
A.They travel as much as adult birds.
B.They move in a predictable manner.
C.They lower the speed for exploration.
D.They look for a course with their parents.
4.What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A.Man-made changes make migration easier.
B.Animals make a safer journey via a fixed track.
C.Course exploration contributes to birds' adaptability.
D.A combination of strategies assures migration success.
It was a red-letter day in the history of medicine-“Target Zero Day”, May 8th, 1980, marking the complete removal of smallpox, a terrifying disease. It was untreatable but, luckily, it turned out that vaccination (接种疫苗) provided good protection- -and that mass immunization (免疫) could wipe out the small- pox virus by blocking its spread.
According to legend, vaccination was invented by Dr Edward Jenner. Jenner showed that healthy children vaccinated with cowpox, a mild infection of cattle, could not catch smallpox. He was supposedly inspired by a comment from a local milkmaid, but there is evidence that the idea came from a medical friend, John Fester, who had experimented with cowpox. Nevertheless, Jenner deserves credit for introducing vaccination into the medical mainstream with his paper published in 1798.
In 1966, 160 years after the prediction that vaccination would clean off the disease, the World Health Organization launched its Smallpox Eradication Programme. This heroic 1-year drive was directed by two American public health doctors, DA Henderson and Bill Forge. Their hardships were enormous: One WHO official even promised to eat a tyre if smallpox was removed; Henderson promised to send him the tyre and wished him good appetite. But Henderson and Foege's hard work paid off--three years after the last smallpox case was informed (to make sure no outbreaks had been missed) Target Zero Day was declared.
40 years on, should we remember Target Zero Day? First, to celebrate victory of preventative medicine and freedom from a cruel disease. Then, we must remember the victims of smallpox. It had previously killed 1 in 12 worldwide. In 1914, a Canadian professor warned against forgetting smallpox, which was fast disappearing from North America. It went on to kill at least another 250 million people -- three times more than both world wars combined. Target Zero Day also reminds us of undefeated infections, including polio, measles, malaria, and of course the coronavirus Covid-19. Let's recognize Target Zero Day for what it is: a milestone in world history and a monument to the art of the possible.
1.What inspired Jenner to invent the vaccination?
A.A medical friend. B.A local milkmaid.
C.Cattle. D.Children.
2.What is the writer's purpose of mentioning the WHO official's promise?
A.To introduce the support from the WHO.
B.To stress the importance of good appetite.
C.To suggest the difficulty in removing smallpox.
D.To show his determination to carry on the drive.
3.Where can you find the figures that best support “smallpox is a terrifying disease?
A.In paragraph 1. B.In paragraph 2.
C.In paragraph 3. D.In paragraph 4.
4.What message does the text convey?
A.A promise made is a debt unpaid. B.A trouble shared is a trouble halved.
C.Something is better than nothing. D.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
China’s 40-year-long process of reform and opening up meant foreign influences gaining a foothold in the country. But now, the process can also be viewed in the opposite way. The outside world is opening up as a receptacle for Chinese culture. Where once it was all a matter of Chinese people fascinated by Hollywood movies, a new “soft power” trend is taking Chinese pop music, TV series and novels to appreciative audiences abroad.
Englishwoman Hollie Sowden and American Nora Wilson developed a website called “Written Chinese,” with a Chinese woman named Chamcen Liu. The website provides a dictionary and other Mandarin learning tools. Wilson says, “At the beginning, it was just a Facebook page where we posted characters, their meanings and example sentences. That page expanded like crazy, with nearly 280,000 followers. That’s why we decided to develop a dictionary app and then the website.”
Sowden and Wilson aren’t the only eager to tap world interest in China.
Years ago, groups formed in the US to provide English subtitles for popular Chinese TV dramas. There are also websites translating Chinese novels, especially fantasy series. Wuxiaworld and Gravity Tales are two examples, with tens of thousands of followers on their Facebook pages.
Chinese music, too, is walking through the open door that once was a one-way street. Melody C2E is a student club at the Shanghai International Studies University, which is trying to spread Chinese pop songs to the world. It now has around 300,000 subscribers. The inspiration is rooted in 2016, when Pan Jianghao heard a youth envoy (公使) for the United Nations say that the world wanted to hear more from Chinese young people. Motivated by his words, Pan and Lin Hongying decided to found a new musical group and share Chinese pop, songs with the rest of the world via English translation.
1.What does the underlined word “receptacle” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A.Container. B.Source.
C.Center. D.Foundation.
2.What do we know about "Written Chinese'"?
A.It has nearly 280,000 followers. B.It helps learn Chinese characters.
C.It involves daily living in China. D.It is developed by two foreigners.
3.Why was Melody C2E set up?
A.To motivate Chinese young people.
B.To preserve Chinese traditional songs.
C.To improve its members' translation skills.
D.To introduce Chinese pop songs to the globe.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Foreign Websites with a Chinese Touch
B.Competition Leading to a Culture Boom
C.China's Cultural Footprint on Foreign Shores
D.Reform and Opening up Shaping a New Generation
Here are apps that can help you make a schedule and a budget, take better notes, organize a big project, and stay safe. Check out these apps to get a head-start on being on top of your life!
Flashcards Deluxe
Price: $3.99
Platform: iOS and Android
Flashcards can be a very effective way to study, and Flashcards Deluxe makes creating them very easy. You can input information right into the app, make cards with up to five sides, and even add pictures and sounds to cards. The app can be set to automatically tum of cards that you get correct so you can focus more on the ones you got wrong.
Circle of 6U
Price: free
Platform: Android, iOS
When you're on a college campus, walking home late at night can be frightening. So, make sure to download Circle of 6 U, which helps you feel more secure. Not only does it help you find your location, but it makes communicating with your trusted friends easier. Once you build a network of trusted contacts in the app, it lets you send a pre-edited group message, with your location to all of them in two taps.
CampusBooks
Price: free
Platform: iOS, Android
The CampusBooks app helps you get the lowest price when you're buying or renting textbooks, and helps you get the highest price when you're ready to sell! If you need a book right away, you'll be shown the closest stores and libraries that have your book in stock.
Dragon Dictation
Price: free
Platform: iOS
Dictating homework and emails to the Dragon Dictation app can save you time! You can send your dictation to a text, email, or paste it into any application. The included editor will suggest words, and the app will improve its accuracy over time as it gets to know your voice. It also works in many languages other than English.
1.Which app can you choose for safety concern?
A.Flashcards Deluxe. B.Circle of 6U.
C.CampusBooks. D.Dragon Dictation.
2.What can Dragon Dictation do?
A.It can add pictures to your email. B.It can save your money on books.
C.It can correct your spelling mistakes. D.It can recognize many languages.
3.Who is the text mainly intended for?
A.Students. B.Librarians.
C.Businessmen. D.Programmers.
假设你是晨光中学高二(1)班的班长李津， 得知美国学生Chris 作为交换生， 下学期将到你班学习。请你根据以下提示， 给他写封邮件：
(1) 表示欢迎 (2) 介绍与本地生活相关的信息（如天气， 饮食等）
(3) 介绍本班情况 (4) 希望Chris做哪些事情， 以增进中美学生之间的了解和友谊
注意：
(1) 请勿提及与考生相关的真实信息。 (2) 可适当加入细节， 使内容充实，行文连贯。
词数不少于100； 开头已给出， 不计入总词数。
(1) 参考词汇： 交换生 exchange student
Dear Chris,
I’m Li Jin, monitor of Class One, Grade Eleven.
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(/\)，并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从11处起)不计分。
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m one of your customer. I ordered a set of books on your website two weeks ago, but I didn’t received it until yesterday. And much to my disappointment, the books were too poorly packed up that the cover of one book were torn. To make matters worse, it is not a complete set, as I found one book missed.
I’m sorry to have received such poorly service, and I believe I have every right ask you to deal with this problem. I hope that you either return my money back or deliver a new set of books to me. Beside, I’d like to be informed of the process of you deal with my complaint.
Looking forward to your reply.
