There is good reason to believe that emerging digital technologies can improve the functioning of agriculture markets at a very low cost per farmer.
Mobile phones, particularly GPS-enabled smartphones, make the provision of tailored information much easier than before. Recommendations for agrochemical inputs that address specific soil conditions can improve yields while reducing environmentally harmful and wasteful use. Farmers can tailor their investment decisions to expected weather patterns and benefit from improvements in weather forecasting. As smartphone use continues to expand, farmers will increasingly have the means to watch videos demonstrating new agricultural techniques or take pictures of pests affecting their crops and either request automatic identification and recommendations or raise questions with agronomists. Finally, digital agricultural services can improve the functioning of agricultural supply chains. For example, these services could make it easier for farmers to check and compare input or output prices ; and facilitate coordination among farmers in an area and with traders.
However, despite the potential of digital agriculture, reasons for skepticism remain. Overcoming informational restrictions may not result in substantially increased agricultural productivity, given the existence of other barriers such as input shortages at local markets, and missing insurance markets. Informational barriers are also important, and mobile phone messages may not overcome them: some farmers ignore messages, especially from unknown sources. Some farmers are illiterate and have difficulty using voice menus. Senders may design obscure and confusing messages or may provide messages designed to target objectives at odds with farmer interests. Effective communication may require pictures or video. Smartphones are thus required to receive these messages, but few farmers currently have access to this technology in the poorest countries. Finally, farmers may begin to ignore reminders they are repeated too often, or they may be annoyed by unwanted messages, which could lead to reduced trust in the messaging system.
1.According to Para 2, what can farmers do in digital agriculture?
A.They can use agrochemical to handle environmental problems.
B.They can adjust investment decisions based on weather forecasts.
C.They can identify pests on their crops by watching videos.
D.They can compete with others in prices in an efficient way.
2.What does the underlined phrase“at odds with”in the last paragraph mean?
A.In disagreement with. B.By means of.
C.In line with. D.Apart from.
3.Which of the following is NOT considered as an informational barrier?
A.Shortages of input in local markets and lack of insurance markets.
B.No access to digital technology in poorest countries.
C.Failure to read or use the voice menu on mobile phones.
D.Loss of interest and ignorance of the intended messages.
4.What is the author’s attitude towards digital agriculture?
A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Objective. D.Negative.
Since the time of Socrates, it has been widely said that art imitates life. In the case of literature, however, it would be more accurate to say that art reflects life. The writings of the Romantics were a natural result of life in 19th century America and American Romanticism was the first truly American literary movement, including a group of authors who wrote and published between 1820 and 1860.
The unique American history and landscape had a profound influence on the romanticists. Many were writing not long after the War of 1812. This was a time of growth and expansion and their idealism fueled high hopes for the infant nation. The country was moving westward into vast newly acquired territory. The frontier, both as a place and a concept, became an important representation of the American spirit.
While American Romanticism was a new attitude toward nature, it was also a new attitude toward people, promoting the solitary individual standing against society. Individualism is a typical American value and was central to their writings, which urged people to follow their inner knowing regardless of the pressure to conform.
Romantic writers rebelled against the idea that reason was the best tool for discovering truth. Instead, they deliberately explored feeling, imagination, fantasy, and belief. Their style took advantage of personal freedom in order to break through the wall separating the author and the reader, and gave the author the freedom to comment on the events in the story in novel ways.
Stylistically, the American romantics liked to experiment with form and the novel became an important vehicle for expression, unlike the European romantics who focused mainly on poetry. They also made clever use of symbols to refer to truths or knowledge that exist beyond rationality (合理性).
1.What increased hopes for the newly born America?
A.The War of 1812. B.The belief of romanticists.
C.The western territory. D.The history of America.
2.Which of the following is an ideal of American romantic writers?
A.Reason should be involved to find out truth. B.The author and the reader need to be separated.
C.Individuals should follow their heart. D.Nature is more important than humans.
3.What literary form did American romantics mainly adopt to express their ideas?
A.Poetry. B.Use of symbols. C.Novels. D.Drama.
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A.Advances in American history. B.The rebellion of Romantic writers.
C.A new attitude to people. D.Romanticism in American literature.
Nakushi didn’t tell her parents when the older boys started to harass (骚扰) her on her way from her home to school in south Delhi, seizing her hand and shouting “kiss me”，because she knew she would get the blame. She was right: when her family found out, they banned her from going back to school，worried about the effect on their“honor”. The plan now is to get her married. She is 16.
Sumen，a 35-year-old mother， is battling for her child’s future， too. Her nine-year-old son， Kapil, has learning disabilities and she has tried and failed to get him into school every year. Finally, the authorities have agreed he should get some education，but it’s only for one day a week.
In India，a free and compulsory education is guaranteed for all children aged between 6 and 14. But going to school is one thing; the quality of the education you get is another. Within government schools，pupils face many challenges: overcrowded classrooms, absent teachers and dirty conditions are common complaints，which can lead parents to decide it is not worth their child going to school. Inside one of the schools, some of the classrooms have low benches and desks. In others，the lttle girls sit on the floor， books in their laps. In several, no teacher is present; one man appears to be responsible for three of the small rooms.
It is girls, the very poor and the disabled who are often left behind. Nakushi had imagined herself working for the police, or becoming a teacher.“ My parents are looking for a boy for me," she says. “They say I can get married and then I can study. But I know that once I get married, it will become very difficult. My dream will never come true.”
1.Why didn’t Nakushi tell her parents about the harassment?
A.She was unwilling to leave school. B.She didn’t want to get married.
C.She thought it wouldn’t help. D.She worried about the honor.
2.Why couldn’t Kapil have regular school education?
A.His family gave up on him. B.He had difficulty in learning.
C.His mother couldn’t afford it. D.The authorities treated him unfairly.
3.What can be inferred from the third paragraph?
A.All children must go to government schools.
B.Few parents choose government schools for their kids.
C.Facilities in government schools are far from satisfactory.
D.Shortage of teachers is the biggest problem in government schools.
4.Which could be the best title for the text?
A.Nakushi’s Impossible Dream
B.Big Challenges in Indian Children’s Education
C.Girls Facing Difficulty in Education
D.Hope for a Better Learning Environment
Summer Music Courses
Overview
SOCAPA’s Music Program provides development in music performance through the singing and songwriting courses with the singer or house band option. Students experience playing at the professional level, from song conception, writing and workshopping the lyrics and music-to-music video production and everything in between. Students write, arrange, perform, and record their own music. Studio writing and playing time is combined with experiencing live performances, meeting accomplished musicians, and more, all in the heart of New York City or Los Angeles, home to Beck, the Red Hot Chili Peppers, the Eagles, No Doubt, the Black Eyed Peas, Tom Waits, Weezer, the Beach Boys, Van Halen... the list goes on and on.
Course Name | Course Purpose | Course Details | Intended Learners |
Core Music | Improve your skill through daily lessons in song writing and composition as a singer or songwriter, or as a member of the House Band in co-operation with your peers. | ●Offered in New York Gity & Los Angeles ●Length: Two or Three Weeks ●Projects: Record a Song, live Perfomanes, Music Video (3 weeks only) | ●Intermediate to Advanced ●Ages 13-19 |
Music Boot Camp | Want to improve your chops as a Singer/Songwriter? Write multiple songs in a single week, with help from professional lessons in song conception, arranging and lyric composition, in this fast-paced SOCAPA music course. | ●Offered in New York City and Los Angeles ●Length: One Week ●Projects: Live Performances | ●Intermediate to Advanced ●Ages 13-19 |
Advanced Music | Retum singer-songwriters! Develop your songwriting skills while taking master classes and learmning to build up yourself as an emerging artist. | ●Offered in New York City ●Length: Three Weeks ●Prjeats: Record a Song, live Peformnes, Pess Kit, Syized Msic Video | ●Advanced ●Ages 15-19 |
1.What is the purpose of this music program?
A.To attract more people to love music.
B.To promote students’ music performance.
C.To organize a professional music campaign.
D.To introduce famous musicians to the public.
2.Which of the following is included in all the three courses?
A.Writing songs. B.Recording live performances.
C.Joining the band. D.Working with musicians.
3.Who is the text intended for?
A.Singers seeking to improve professional skills.
B.Composers lacking in achievements.
C.Music lovers looking for live performances.
D.Students with certain experience.
据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)统计，全球81%的青少年缺乏锻炼。假如你是李华，请根据以下要点用英语准备一篇发言稿，在一次国际中学生交流活动中发言。
1.缺乏运动的原因;
2.运动的好处;
3.如何制定运动计划。
注意:1.词数100字左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear fellow students,
According to the World Health Organization, 81% teenagers are lack of exercising.
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That's all. Thank you!
文章中有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I am grateful to my English teacher Susan, at whose help I couldn't have won first prize in the English Talent Competition for high school student last week.
I used to be poorly in spoken English. I was too shy to speak in class. Since she teaches us last term, she has been encouraging him to overcome fear and speak out in class. Thanks to her, I have made great progresses. Besides, I practiced several times in the front of her. It was her advice which made me a better speaker and full of confidence. But I owe my success to her.
Susan set a good example to me. I am determined to become an English teacher when I grow up.
