I’m sitting in my kitchen in London, trying to figure out a text message from my brother. He lives in our home country of Germany. We speak German to each other, a language that's rich in strange words, but I've never heard this one before: fremdschämen.
The experience gets me to consider: can we lose our mother language? Most immigrants (移民)know what it’s like to be not as good at their mother language as before. The process seems obvious: the longer you are away, the more your language suffers. But it’s not quite so straightforward. It turns out that how long you've been away doesn't always matter. Socializing with other native speakers abroad can worsen your own native skills. And emotional factors like trauma(精神创伤) can be the biggest factor of all.
In children, the phenomenon of language attrition (语言磨蚀)is somewhat easier to explain since their brains are generally more flexible and adaptable. Until the age of about 12, a person’s language skills are relatively easy to change. Studies on international adopters have found that even nine-year-olds can almost completely forget their first language when they are removed from their country of birth.
But in adults, the first language is unlikely to disappear entirely except in extreme circumstances. For example, Monika Schmid analyzed the German of elderly German-Jewish wartime refugees(难民) in the UK and the US. The main factor that influenced their language skills wasn't how long they had been abroad or how old they were when they left. It was how much trauma they had experienced as victims. Those who left Germany in the early days of Nazi occupation, before the worst violence, tended to speak better German – despite having been abroad the longest. Those who left later, tended to speak German with difficulty or not at all.
“It seemed very clearly a result of this trauma”, says Schmid. “Even though German was the language of childhood, home and family, it was also the language of painful memories”. The most traumatized refugees had held them back. As one of them said: “I feel that Germany betrayed me. America is my country, and English is my language.”
1.What does the first paragraph serve as?
A.A comment B.A background
C.An explanation D.An introduction
2.What do paragraph 4 and 5 mainly talk about?
A.How two languages coexist
B.The way to deal with adult’s trauma
C.The reasons behind adult’s language attrition.
D.Whether trauma leads to adult’s language attrition.
3.Why does trauma cause a person's mother language to disappear?
A.Because he can’t remember his mother language.
B.Because his ability to communicate is affected.
C.Because his country is far from him .
D.Because he chooses to escape from bad experiences.
4.What is the best title for the passage?
A.Where does your native language come from?
B.Will you lose your native language?
C.How does trauma affect your first language?
D.How far are you from your mother tongue
You’ll find it amazing to support people when you go out to eat! Just look for restaurants that hire people with disabilities，which are making the world a more inclusive place. Each bakery，café and restaurant below has a wonderful and heartwarming story.
Hugs Care: McKinney，Texas
Ruth Thompson once had a vision to create a nonprofit café that would be run and operated primarily by adults with special needs. With hard work，a strong passion and an amazing team，Hugs Café opened its doors in 2015.“Hugs Café is now so much more than a job to our 23 teammates，which is enhancing the meaningful lives of adults with special needs through training and employment at Hugs Café. Thompson says.
Vinny＆Bay’s Coffee and Eatery: Panama City，Florida
“A lot of people plan their vacations around coming to this coffee shop，”says café owner Kara Rigby. Vinny ＆ Bay’s Coffee and Eatery was established “so that Baylee had a place to work，”Rigby adds. Baylee is Rigby’s daughter’s friend who has a disability. The coffee shop’s goal become training for individuals like Baylee. Some workers have even started at Vinny ＆ Bay’ s and were able to work in a regular workplace. Rigby says that her employees” have a whole lot more abilities than disabilities. They love unconditionally，and it changes the whole environment and business.” Rigby believes that incorporating even just one or two disabled individuals into a business can change the whole atmosphere—for the better!
Sugar Pl um Bakery: Virginia Beach，Virginia
Head to Sugar Plum Bakery to find a delicious carrot cake and see people with disabilities successfully working alongside none—disabled workers. Sugar Plum has been promoting the integration of adult s with developmental disabilities by providing training and employment opportunities to more than 1，000 people with disabilities since 1987.Whether they’re scooping cookies or making cupcakes，Sugar Plum’s disabled employees are the backbone of the bakery.
1.What do the three restaurants have in common?
A.They are established by adults with special needs.
B.They are supported by charities or local government.
C.The provide training and employment to disabled individuals.
D.The employers and employees there are all individuals with disabilities.
2.It can be known from the passage that ______________.
A.Hugs Café set up in 1987 now has 23 teammates
B.Rigby founded her coffee shop to help Baylee，her daughter
C.Disabled individuals are not able to work in a regular workplace
D.Sugar P1um Bakery hires both normal people and people with disabilities
3.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggest?
A.Disabled workers there are the most important part.
B.The bakery get s support and strength from backbone.
C.The customers are always backing the disabled workers.
D.The employees have a whole lot more abilities than disabilities.
假如你是李华，最近你班举行了一场以“How to protect the traditional Chinese cultures?”为题的讨论。现请你用英语为校报的英语专栏写一篇稿件，介绍讨论的内容和你的体会。
要点如下:
1. 讨论的目的；
2. 讨论的内容；
3. 你的感受。
注意:
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Everyone tends have many problems while gaining knowledge. Therefore, your willingness to deal with these problems will eventually enable you to work it out. What I’d like to share is my approaches to solve the problems.
First, you must focus on which you are faced with. There seems to be a lot of attractive things, like computers or game. To stay focused, you can list these things and tell yourself you should touch them after finishing your work. Second, believe to yourself. Though there is no doubt that each of us might make mistakes or come across some tough problems in learning, but it can never be a reason for the loss of confidence.
Last, keep modest. Never feel embarrassing to turn to your teachers or classmates. Everyone in your surroundings can be your teacher.
When Elizabeth got married,it seemed as if her life would be1.(comfort) and peaceful.However,she wasn't content2.her easy life.She saw many poor people3.(live) near her and she wanted to help them.
One day,she4.(invite) to visit a prison.At first the prison officers did not want to let her visit the5.(woman) prisoners because they feared the prisoners would attack her,6.Elizabeth was not afraid.She realized that the prisoners behaved7.(bad) because they were being treated like animals.They had terrible living conditions.So Elizabeth did her best8.(provide) them with food and clean clothes.Her9.(kind) helped her gain the friendship of the prisoners.Later Elizabeth was asked to go to the leaders of Britain to discuss10.to improve the conditions for prisoners.She continued to help the poor prisoners till she passed away.
As I sat motionless on the steps of the pool, watching everyone else swim back and forth, I realized that I had spent most of my life watching others enjoy themselves. It was then that I _______ a little girl staring at me with a look of confusion. I smiled at her, hoping to _______ the ice by talking to her. Unfortunately, my _______ failed and she just kept on staring. My _______ increased as a little boy swam up to me and said, “I feel sorry for you.”
After the _______, a thought struck me, I had to change _______ the world viewed me. Because it was children who stared at me the most, I decided to write a children’s book that taught them about _______ in a fun way. This is when KatGirl, a super hero in a _______ who helps children that are being bullied, came into my mind.
I quickly _______ inside my apartment and began creating the story. As I wrote each word, I could ________ my future as a world-renowned author and public speaker. My excitement ________ like wildfire. Over the next two years, the story ________ many changes before it saw the world in the spring of 2011. My perseverance ________ paid off.
One day I was invited to speak to the students at a neighboring school. I confidently wheeled into a classroom filled with students who ________ at me just like the little girl in the pool. “How do you feel when you see me?” I asked them. The kids bravely ________ “ I feel sorry for you.”
I opened my book and started reading. Immediately I noticed the children’s stares turned to ________. “ How do you feel when you see me?” I asked again. Without ________ they replied, “You are so cool! Does your ________ fly too?” I just smiled, “No, not yet, but maybe some day.” I knew in my heart that this was ________. The past two years had proven to me that with ________ anything is possible.
1.A.suggested B.noticed C.watched D.appreciated
2.A.forget B.break C.remove D.deliver
3.A.project B.anger C.advice D.attempt
4.A.relief B.curiosity C.awkwardness D.encouragement
5.A.encounter B.competition C.argument D.interview
6.A.how B.what C.when D.why
7.A.disabilities B.potentials C.paintings D.manners
8.A.pool B.car C.wheelchair D.spaceship
9.A.walked B.wheeled C.rushed D.raced
10.A.regard B.realize C.picture D.consider
11.A.folded B.recovered C.spread D.declined
12.A.turned down B.went through C.looked up D.got around
13.A.generally B.carefully C.separately D.eventually
14.A.called B.stared C.glimpsed D.laughed
15.A.greeted B.agreed C.continued D.responded
16.A.smiles B.doubts C.jokes D.tears
17.A.hesitation B.discussion C.intention D.imagination
18.A.body B.chair C.dream D.book
19.A.funny B.strange C.true D.false
20.A.generosity B.popularity C.harmony D.determination
