When you start working on something but don't finish it, thoughts of the unfinished work continue to jump into your mind even when you've moved on to other things. Psychologists refer the phenomenon as the Zeigamik effect. The effect was first observed by a Russian psychologist named Bluma Zeigamik. While sitting in a busy restaurant in Vienna, she noted the waiters had better memories of unpaid orders. Once the bill was paid, however, the waiters had difficulty remembering the exact details of the orders.
In one of her studies, participants were asked to complete simple tasks such as putting together puzzles, or solving math problems. Half of the participants were interrupted halfway through these tasks. After an hour-long delay, Zeigamik asked the participants to give an account of what they'd been working on. She discovered that those who had their work interrupted were twice as likely to remember what they had been doing as those who had actually completed the tasks.
We can use this effect to our advantage. For example, if you're struggling to memorize something important, momentary interruptions might actually work to your advantage. Rather than simply remember the information over and over again, review it several times and then take a break. While you're focusing on other things, you'll find yourself mentally returning to the information you were studying.
We often put off tasks until the last moment, only completing them in a rush at the last possible moment. Unfortunately, this tendency can lead to heavy stress and even poor performance. One way to overcome this is to put the Zeigamik effect to work. Start by taking the first step, no matter how small. Once you have begun — but not finished — your work, you'll find yourself thinking of the task until, at last, you finish it. You might not finish it all at once, but each small step you take puts you closer to your final goal.
1.What does the Zeigamik effect refer to?
A.Waiters tend to have good memories.
B.Once interrupted, one will forget things easily.
C.Most people can't focus on one thing for a long time.
D.People remember unfinished tasks better than completed ones.
2.How should we study according to the Zeigamik effect?
A.Repeat over and over again.
B.Divide our study session.
C.Focus on several tasks at a time.
D.Have enough rest before studying.
3.What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A.How to get rid of heavy stress.
B.Why we should set a final goal.
C.How to break the habit of delaying work.
D.Why we always complete tasks in a rush.
Downey's mother spent one year studying abroad through an international exchange program with a French school. She often talked about how exciting and interesting the experience was. So, even before finishing high school, Downey had decided to follow suit one day.
Downey began studying architecture at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in 2004. Near the end of her second year, she started to feel unhappy with her school and decided it was time to study abroad.
U. S. colleges and universities commonly have joint programs with foreign schools that permit student exchanges. These programs usually last half a school year or sometimes a whole school year. The classes students take abroad usually give them credits toward their degree. In a fouryear degree program, the third year is the most common time for American college students to study abroad. Many students think they need a change before what is usually their final and most difficult year of study.
Downey said her school did not want her to go at first. The architecture program at Lehigh was very intense, and her professors were worried she might miss learning important material. However, she was eventually able to get special permission to study internationally for a whole year. During the fall term in 2006, she attended a Danish international school in Copenhagen, Denmark, explaining she did so because Danish architects are well known for their housing design.
Young adult as she was, she had to deal with travel documents and many other issues (问题) on her own. Overcoming the language barrier is the biggest challenge of studying abroad. However, she had a lot of emotional (情感的) and financial support from her family. She learned life lessons and made friendships and memories that have lasted to this day. She said, “The more you're out of your comfort zone, the more rewarding the experience is in the end.”
1.What does Downey's mother mean to Downey?
A.A friend. B.A dreamer.
C.An example. D.An expert.
2.What made Downey choose the Danish international school?
A.The famous learned professors.
B.The casual learning environment.
C.The impressive academic reputation.
D.The favorable geographical location.
3.What can we infer according to the last paragraph?
A.It was not easy for Downey to study abroad.
B.The comfortable life is likely to ruin the future life.
C.Downey was too young to take care of herself.
D.Downey's parents could hardly afford her education.
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter写信询问你是如何庆祝中国最重要的节日春节的。请你用英语回信介绍一下情况：
1. 介绍春节；
2. 邀请 Peter 来中国体验春节
注意：
1.词数 100 左右；
2.开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to hear that you are interested in Chinese traditional Spring Festival.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、 删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号∧，并在其下面写出该加的单词。
删除：把多余的单词用\划掉。
修改：在错的单词下面画一横线，并在该单词下 面写出修改后的单词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
My home is a little far away from my high school, so I choose to live in a school the first week I went to senior high. At first, I was afraid of live with my classmates, for what I missed my parents so much. Therefore, as time going by, I got on well with her. Every night after we slept, we would talk about what happened during the day. I remembered when I was at home, sometimes my mother would find fault with me. However, since I moved out, every time when I went home, my mother would be very nice to me. What’s more, I learned to be independent in the process.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many of us were raised with the saying ''Waste not, want not. '' None of us, however, can 1. (complete) avoid waste in our lives.
Any kind of waste is thoughtless. Whether we waste our potential talents, our own time, our limited 2. (nature) resources, our money, or other people's time, each of us can become more aware and careful. The smallest good habits can make
3. big difference. It's a good feeling to know in our hearts we are doing our best in a world that 4. (be) in serious trouble. By focusing on 5. (save) oil, water, paper, food, and clothing, we are playing a part 6. cutting down on waste.
We must keep reminding ourselves that it is 7. (easy) to get into something than it is to get out of it. Actually, severe damage 8. (do) to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution. It’s time for us 9. (say) no to waste so that our grandchildren's children will be able to develop well. We can't solve all the problems of waste, 10. we can encourage mindfulness.
When I first entered university my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary. I was ________to see that it was an English- English dictionary, also known as a monolingual (只用一种语言的) dictionary. __________it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners, none of my classmates had one, ________to be honest, I found it extremely _________to use at first. I would look up words in the dictionary and ________not fully understand the meanings. I was used to the _________bilingual dictionaries, in which the words are __________both in English and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt gave me such__________to make things so difficult for me. Now, after studying English at university for three years, I _________that monolingual dictionaries are __________in learning a foreign language.
As I found out, there is, ________, often no perfect equivalence (对应) between two ________in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to ________ that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the__________meaning of a word in English! _________, she insisted that I read the definition (释义) of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get a better_________ of its meaning._________, I have come to see what she meant.
Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way. This dictionary uses a(n)___________number of words, around 2,000. in its definitions. When I read these definitions, I am__________exposed to the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas. ________ this, I can express myself more easily in English.
1.A. worried B. sad C. surprised D. nervous
2.A. Because B. Although C. Unless D. If
3.A. but B. so C. or D. and
4.A. difficult B. interesting C. important D. practical
5.A. thus B. even C. still D. again
6.A. new B. familiar C. earlier D. ordinary
7.A. explained B. expressed C. described D. created
8.A. appreciation B. courage C. advice D. promise
9.A. imagine B. recommend C. predict D. grasp
10.A. natural B. better C. easier D. convenient
11.A. at best B. in fact C. at times D. in case
12.A. words B. names C. ideas D. characters
13.A. hope B. declare C. doubt D. tell
14.A. exact B. basic C. translated D. expected
15.A. Rather B. However C. Therefore D. Instead
16.A. understanding B. practice C. expression D. consideration
17.A. Largely B. Generally C. Gradually D. Probably
18.A. extra B. average C. total D. limited
19.A. repeatedly B. nearly C. immediately D. anxiously
20.A. According to B. In relation to C. In addition to D. Because of
