Health advice on hand sanitizers
Antibacterial hand sanitizers（免洗洗手液）are marketed as a good alternative（替代品）when soap and water are not available. Manufacturers say that their sanitizers kill 99.9 percent of germs（细菌）, but research suggests that this not the case.
How do hand sanitizers work?
Most sanitizers are alcohol-based; they work by removing the outer layer of oil on our skin, then the alcohol kills the bacteria.
However, Barbara Almanza, associate professor at Purdue University, notes that hand sanitizers do not significantly reduce the amount of bacteria, and in some cases, can increase it.
So the question arises, how can manufacturers say sanitizers kill 99.9 percent of bacteria?
How can manufacturers make the 99.9 percent claim（声称）?
Manufacturers test their products on bacteria-tainted surfaces. In this controlled environment, hand sanitizers do kill 99.9 percent of bacteria. However, the human hand is a lot more complex and goes through a lot of different changes in a day compared to a controlled surface.
These tests allow manufactures to obtain consistent results. But , in reality, how effective are hand sanitizers in killing bacteria in everyday life?
Hand sanitizer VS hand soap and water
Almanza says that soap and water are the best way to clean your hands. Hand sanitizer cannot and should not be a direct replacement.
However, they are a useful alternative. To effectively kill bacteria, studies recommend that people use sanitizers that are at least 60 percent alcohol. Also, sanitizers won’t work if you have dirty hands, so wipe them with a tissue or napkin before sanitizing.
What about antibacterial soaps?
Research has shown that regular soap is just as effective as antibacterial soap in reducing bacteria-related illnesses.
In fact, some consumer antibacterial soap may increase some bacteria’s resistance to antibiotics（抗生素）, making them more dangerous.
Other studies show that overly clean environments will negatively affect children by preventing their immune（免疫的）system development. Children need to fight off common germs to develop their immune systems.
1.What do we know about antibacterial hand sanitizers?
A.Most work similarly to hand soap.
B.Most use alcohol to kill the bacteria.
C.Most can’t remove oil on our skin.
D.Most bring more bacteria to people.
2.What problem does the research find about the manufacturers’ claim?
A.Their conclusion isn’t drawn from real-life environments.
B.Manufacturers don’t test their products before selling them.
C.Their products don’t kill the bacteria people usually have.
D.Manufacturers don’t tell the public how they get their conclusion.
3.Which is the first choice to clean your hands, according to Almanza?
A.Wet tissue.
B.Hand sanitizer.
C.Hand soap and water.
D.60 percent alcohol and water.
4.What does the text tell us about antibacterial soaps?
A.Some contain dangerous antibiotics.
B.They kill more bacteria than regular soaps.
C.They might be harmful for children’s development.
D.Some are proved to increase the amount of bacteria.
Retired judge Davison hated all the quiet. Evy, his wife of 66 ears, had passed away, and he was lonely and sad in the months after her death. But he knew how to beat those feelings; he decided to build a pool.
Davison contacted a family-run company in Hopkins, Minnesota, that had built a pool for his previous house 40 years ago. “They did such a great job before and were still in business, so they came out and planned it,” Davison said.
Kevin, who works on new pools for the company, helped Davison with everything, from initial planning and completing contracts back in March to teaching him how to filter the water once the pool was finish in July.
“If You build it, they will come,” he thought. He invited all the neighborhood kids over to swim. Now it’s not so quiet anymore.
He hears the sounds of laughter and splashing as he sits on a chair in the shade, watching happy children play in his backyard.
“I knew they’d come.” 94-yvear-old Davison told KARE-TV.
Neighbor Jessica thought the judge was joking when he talked about putting in a pool until she saw the work starting. Now she and her four kids have been regulars since the pool was finished in July.
“It’s him spreading joy throughout our neighborhood for these kids.” Jessica said.
Davison’s pool includes a diving board and reaches nine feet in the deep end under the board. It’s especially welcome in a town that doesn’t have a public outdoor pool.
Although Davison has three adult children, he doesn’t have any grandchildren.
Jessica says she’s told him, “You kind of adopted our whole neighborhood of kids. These are your grandkids.”
The judge’s rules require that a parent or grandparent stay while the children are swimming. Once the kids leave. he likes to swim, too.
Davison tells KARE-TV that he realizes that putting in the pool didn’t make a lot of financial (经济的) sense for an old man. But that didn’t matter to him.
“I’m not sitting by myself looking at the walls.” he says. “What else would you think of doing where you could have a whole bunch of kids over every afternoon?” The 94-year-old judge now hears laughter all day as he watches children splash in his backyard pool.
1.Why did Davison build a swimming pool?
A.To remember his dead wife. B.To earn some money for a living.
C.To fight against his loneliness. D.To please the kids in the neighborhood.
2.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A.The neighborhood children. B.His three adult children.
C.Reporters from KARE-TV. D.The workers who built the pool.
3.What rules do children have to follow while swimming in the judge’s pool?
A.They shall wear life jackets. B.They shall be in company with the adults.
C.They shall receive some training. D.They shall get their parents’ permission.
4.What can we learn from the story?
A.Action speaks louder than words.
B.True success comes from spiritual riches.
C.The value of life lies in respect and love.
D.One’s search for happiness brings others great joy.
Home Laundry Automatic Dryer Product
Full Two Year Warranty（保修）
Limited Five Year Warranty on Cabinet（机箱）
Warranty Provides for：
FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.
THIRD THRU FIFTH YEARS Amana will provide a free replacement part for any cabinet which proves faulty due to rust（生锈）.
Warranty Limitations：
• Warranty begins at date of original purchase.
• Applies only to product used within the United States or in Canada if product is approved by Canadian Standards Association when shipped from factory.
• Products used on a commercial or rental basis not covered by this warranty.
• Service must be performed by an Amana servicer.
• Adjustments covered during first year only.
Warranty Does Not Cover It If：
• Product has damage due to product change，connection to an improper electrical supply> shipping and handling, accident, fire, floods, lightning or other conditions beyond the control of Amana.
• Product is improperly installed（安装）or applied.
Owner’s Responsibilities：
• Provide sales receipt.
• Normal care and repair.
• Having the product reasonably accessible for service.
• Pay for service calls related to product installation or usage instructions.
• Pay for extra service costs, over normal service charges, if servicer is requested to perform service outside servicer^ normal business hours.
* In no event shall Amana be responsible for consequential damages（间接损坏）.
* This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have others which vary from state to state For example, some states do not allow the exclusion（排除）or limitation of consequential damages, so this exclusion may not apply to you.
1.According to Warranty Limitations, a product can be under warranty if .
A.used in the U.S. A. B.rented for home use
C.repaired by the user himself D.shipped from a Canadian factory
2.According to Owner’s Responsibilities, an owner has to pay for .
A.the product installation B.a servicer’s overtime work
C.the loss of the sales receipt D.a mechanic’s transportation
3.Which of the following is true according to the warranty?
A.Consequential damages are excluded across America.
B.A product damaged in a natural disaster is covered by the warranty.
C.A faulty cabinet due to rust can be replaced free in the second year.
D.Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Last year at Christmas time, my wife, three children and I were on our way from Paris to Nice. Somehow everything went wrong. Our hotels were “tourist traps” and our rented car broke down. On Christmas Eve, when we checked into a dirty hotel in Nice, there was no Christmas spirit in our hearts.
It was raining and cold when we went cut to eat. We found a small restaurant poorly decorated for the holiday. Only five tables in the restaurant were taken. There were two German couples, two French families, and an American sailor, by himself. They were eating in stony silence except the sailor. He was writing a letter, and a half-smile lighted his face. In the comer a piano player was listlessly (无精打采地) playing Christmas music.
All of us were interrupted by an old French flower woman through the front door. She had a worn overcoat and her old shoes were wet. Carrying her basket of flowers, she went from one table to another. No one bought any. Exhausted and frustrated, she sat down at a table.
The sailor finished his meal and got up to leave. Putting on his coat, he walked over to the flower woman’s table.
“Merry Christmas,” he said, smiling and picking out a handful of flowers. “How much are they?”
“Two francs, sir.”
The sailor put a twenty franc note in the woman’s hand.
“I don’t have change, sir,” she said. “I’ll get some from the waiter.”
“No, ma’am,” said the sailor, leaning over and kissing the ancient cheek. “This is my Christmas present for you.”
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Then the sailor headed for our table with the flowers in his hand.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The piano player came alive and pleasant music filled the whole room. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
假定你是李华，你家楼下住着一位新搬来的英国人James, 他在你家信箱里留了一封信，抱怨你家维修厨房时产生的噪音。请给他写一封回信，内容主要包括：
1. 表达歉意；
2. 解释原因：父母白天上班，只能晚上维修(refit/do repairs)；不专业，耗时长；……
3. 说明措施：请工人周末白天维修。
注意： 1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
Dear James,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
根据句意补全句子。
1.The company has changed some of its working practices in response ______ complaints from the customers.
2.__________ no account should you go to bed with the gas on.
3.Time __________( permit), I will go shopping with you next Monday.
4.You can rely on _________ that they will finish their work ahead of time.
5.With the government’s aid, those ________ (affect) by the earthquake have moved for the new settlements.
6.He is such a man who is always finding fault ____ other people.
7.Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me next month.
8.You ________ return my umbrella now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
9.________( appreciate) by others is something that always makes people happy.
10.I can’t have you _________ (speak) to your mother in a rude manner.
