American researchers say drinking tea may help strengthen the body's defense system against infection．Doctors at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston， Massachusetts， did the study． The team studied a chemical found in black， green， oolong and pekoe tea． This chemical is an amino acid called L-theanine． The scientists say it may increase the strength of gamma delta T cells． That's the letter T， not the drink． Gamma delta T cells are part of the body's defense．
First， the researchers mixed some of these cells with antigens found in the amino acid． Antigens help the body react to infection． Then the scientists added some bacteria． Within twenty-four hours， the cells produced a lot of interferon， a substance that fights infection． Cells not mixed with the antigens did not produce interferon．
In the second part of the study， eleven people drank five to six cups of black tea every day． Ten other people drank the same amount of instant coffee． That is dried coffee mixed with hot water．
Two weeks later， and again two weeks after that， the researchers tested the blood of all twenty-one people． They also looked at what happened when they added bacteria to the blood cells． They found that the tea drinkers produced five times more interferon after they started drinking tea． The coffee drinkers did not produce interferon．
Doctor Jack Bukowski led the study． He says the antigens added to the gamma delta T cells were responsible for the increased reaction to the bacteria． He says that the study also showed that the cells were able to remember the bacteria and fight them again the next time．
Earlier research already has found that tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer． Doctor Bukowski says the new study must be repeated by more people． "If the findings prove to be true，" he says， "then tea drinking might also help protect against bacterial infections．" He says the amino acid L-theanine could be removed from the tea and used as a drug to strengthen the body's defenses．
1.We may know from the text that ______ can be found in different kinds of tea．
A. L-theanine B. Gamma delta T cells
C. interferon D. bacteria
2.Tea may help strengthen the body's defense system because it helps ______ ．
A. to add some bacteria to the blood cells
B. the body to produce more gamma delta T cells
C. the body to produce more interferon
D. to mix antigens with some of the cells in the body
3.According to Dr Bukowski， ______ ．
A. the findings of the study have already proved to be true
B. further study is needed to prove the findings true
C. he has taken some amino acid L-theanine from tea and made a drug with it
D. he is not sure whether tea help prevent heart disease and cancer
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Danger at Scituate Lighthouse
Rebecca stood by her father, looking out the windows of Scituate Lighthouse. Low sand dunes(沙丘) with sea grass topped the Massachusetts beach. There were no clouds in the sky—nothing at all to give warning of the danger that was sailing toward them.
"Now, Rebecca, " Mr. Bates began, gazing out across the open sea, "I want you and Abigail to help your mother and take care of things while I go to town for food and supplies. I won’t be gone long. "
"We’ll help, " Rebecca promised.
"I know I can count on you. "
Still, Mr. Bates looked a little worried about leaving the lighthouse. After all, peace between the US and the UK had not yet been declared, even though the war of 1812 was nearly over. Although English warships used to frequently attack towns along the coast—including Scituate—no English soldiers had been sighted for a long time. Besides, Rebecca thought as she watched her father set off, the family would soon starve if he didn’t go for food.
Her father hadn’t been gone long when Rebecca happened to look out the window at the ocean. What she saw nearly made her heart stop. It was an enemy ship: a small, light-gunned British warship. Calling for her mother, she grabbed her father’s telescope and could just make out the name painted on the side: La Hogue.
Rebecca, Abigail, and their mother stood together, frightened, as they watched the ship sail closer. Mother told the girls to watch the ship while she tried to sound the alarm and warn the home guard in the nearby village. The girls watched helplessly as the great ship drew near. Two small boats were lowered off the side, and Rebecca knew the boats would come ashore quickly.
It was time to run. As they ran down the lighthouse stairs, Rebecca suddenly stopped when she saw her fife(横笛). Oh my! She thought. It just might work… Rebecca grabbed the fife and the drum(鼓) that Abigail had been learning to play.
Paragraph 1：
She and her sister hurried out of the lighthouse and over to the large sand dunes that lay behind it.
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Paragraph 2：
The English soldiers looked nervously at one another—the music of “Yankee Doodle” had to be coming from the confident American soldiers.
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假定你是李华，正与你校英国交换生Eric一起参加“规范英文标识(Identifying and Correcting Mistranslations)”系列志愿活动，请你写一封邮件，告知他下一次活动安排。内容包括：
1. 活动时间、地点；
2. 活动内容；
3. 相关准备。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Avoiding bad effects of climate change requires action, but 1. is hard to take action when you don't even know there's a problem. Previous work has shown that children are more2.(active) engaged and more knowledgeable than adults 3. (be) about climate change. The question is, can this be used to make a difference?4. (test) the idea, Danielle Lawson, a social scientist at NC State University, set up5. climate course for kids and their parents in which students 6. (ask) to interview their parents. The course did increase the 7. (aware) about climate change, not just among the kids, but their parents as well.
"The study shows how 8. (power) young people’s voices can be, 9. makes me really excited to see how much of an impact kids can have on their parents. And I think kids can just have the power to bring us together in a way we haven't seen yet when it comes to10. (handle) climate change." said Danielle Lawson.
Fourth-grader, Sarah Haycox, made it her mission to right a wrong. And in doing so, she has shown the world what one _______ person, with passion, can do.
One day, when _________ by an athletic field near her school, Sarah noticed a small _______ with the name Edwin T. Pratt and the year 1930 - 1969 on it. She _______ who he was and what he did.
After some _______, she learned that he was a civil rights leader who had done many good things to _______ others. Sadly, he was _______ just because someone disagreed with what he was doing.
Feeling that the small memorial was _______ big enough for a man who had so much _______ on others, Sarah ________ to do something!
There was a new ________ going up nearby for young kids. She found out who were ________ the building project and asked them if it could be named after Mr. Pratt. Through great efforts, her vision came to reality! Almost 50 years after his death, Edwin Pratt’s life and impact will be celebrated as the name of the new school.
Most kids simply had walked by the memorial without thinking about who Mr. Pratt was. But Sarah had the ________ to learn more, the vision to imagine something better and the courage to ________ her idea. Her amazing actions have ________ many other young people around the world.
1.A.honest B.young C.clever D.shy
2.A.walking B.running C.riding D.driving
3.A.museum B.church C.board D.memorial
4.A.forgot B.realized C.wondered D.explained
5.A.discussion B.research C.practice D.thought
6.A.teach B.rescue C.help D.repay
7.A.killed B.punished C.blamed D.arrested
8.A.rarely B.simply C.merely D.hardly
9.A.impact B.impression C.reflection D.dependence
10.A.stopped B.decided C.happened D.announced
11.A.library B.theatre C.school D.hospital
12.A.in need of B.in search of C.in favour of D.in charge of
13.A.curiosity B.confidence C.chance D.energy
14.A.prove B.change C.present D.pursue
15.A.astonished B.inspired C.attracted D.protected
It’s in Your Hands
Feeding bread to the ducks is a fond pastime for many of us, reminding us of happy childhood trips to the local park. 1. Eating it can cause our feathered friends to develop a condition called Angel Wing, which is when too much bread makes birds’ feathers grow too quickly. This additional weight puts a strain on their muscles, causing their wings to twist and drop open.
“Angel Wing can be cured if we reach birds before it has developed too severely,” says Caroline Simpson, a trustee of UK charity Swan Lifeline, “2.” Over the last 20 years UK charity Swan Lifeline has rescued and treated more than 30,000 birds. Adult swans can develop heart disease by eating much bread, so it’s important that we do our best to prevent this by feeding them the right kind of food.
3. Rotten bread at the bottom of rivers and lakes allows bacteria to breed, spreading disease and attracting rats and other pests to our waterways, which can result in the presence of a mould (霉菌) called Aspergillus. It has the potential to kill waterfowl and other wildlife if it gets into their lungs.
4. Definitely not. Wild Things Swan & Duck Food has launched the “Better than Bread” Campaign to highlight the risk of a calorific diet to water birds. The campaign advises that there are much healthier alternatives to bread, such as specially developed feeds. They can float on the water surface, so birds can enjoy every last bit. 5.
A.So we must stop feeding the ducks.
B.But did you know that bread actually puts birds in danger?
C.Does this mean we have to stop fun trips to feed the ducks?
D.Bread can also cause harmful changes to the natural ecosystem.
E.What a scene it is to watch ducks eating bread floating on the river!
F.Otherwise the consequences can be serious — such as the loss of the wing.
G.Next time take a healthier alternative and do your bit to protect our precious wildlife.
