The terrible E1Niño strikes the globe every 2 to 7 years. As warm waters in the tropical(热带的) Pacific Ocean switch eastward and trade winds weaken the weather pattern stretches through the atmosphere, causing drought in southern Africa, wildfires in South America, and flooding on North America's Pacific coast. Climate scientists have struggled to predict El Niño events more than 1 year in advance, but artificial intelligence (AI) can now extend the latest forecasts to 18 months, according to a new study.
The new research uses a type of AI called a convolutional neural network(卷积神经网络), which is adept in recognizing images. Researchers feed the neural network a large number of training images and the AI becomes skilled at identifying fundamental patterns of those images. For example, the neural network can be trained to recognize cats in photos by identifying characteristics shared by all cats, such as hairs and four legs.
Part of the problem with earlier researches on El Niño forecasts is that they rely on a relatively small set of historical statistics for factors such as ocean temperature. To get around this shortage, the scientists fed the program re-creations of historic ocean conditions produced by a set of reliable climate models, ones frequently used for studies of climate change, says the study’s lead author, Yoo-Geun Ham, a climate scientist in South Korea. As a result, the scientists could show the computer system not just one set of actual historic data, lasting from 1871 to 1973, but several thousand reproductions of that same data by the climate models.
But it’s not clear how much real-world benefit will come from pushing forecasts beyond 1 year, cautions Stephen Zebiak, a climate scientist at Columbia University, “The kind of lead time that is actionable is probably less than a year because decision-makers are unlikely to take action further in advance,” he says.
1.What is the advantage of the latest AI forecasts?
A.Faster response. B.Higher accuracy
C.Wider application. D.Longer time range.
2.What does the underlined word “adept” probably mean?
A.Carefully-chosen. B.Well-trained.
C.Newly-developed. D.Wide-spread.
3.What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.Improvement on previous studies. B.Requirements for weather forecast.
C.Procedure for analyzing image data. D.Problems with early climate models.
4.What does Stephen Zebiak think of the new AI prediction?
A.It has unclear impacts. B.It calls for effective action.
C.It may not be of actual help. D.It should be treated with caution.
School is still out for the summer, but at Eastern Senior High School,students are hard at work.In a garden bursting with vegetables and herbs, nearly a dozen teenagers are harvesting them for the weekend's farmers market. They work Tuesday through Saturday with City Blossoms, a non-profit that brings community gardens to schools and other places where kids gather in urban areas.
Roshawn Little, going into her junior year at Eastern, believes that working in the garden has taught her to try all sorts of new things—like eating different kinds of vegetables more often. And she has taken those healthy behaviors home with her and her family now buy more fruits and vegetables.“We mainly live around liquor（酒）stores and snack stores. There aren’t that many grocery stores. They're way out, and you have to drive so far”—a common problem in low-income urban areas.
City Blossoms is one of many groups across the country teaming up with local communities to establish school gardens, like the one at Eastern. These gardens, advocates say, are really outdoor classrooms where kids learn valuable lessons — not just about nutrition, but also about science and math, even business skills. For example, the gardens can be used for math lessons—like calculating the area of a plant bed—or learning the science of how plants grow.
On a recent weekend at the Aya farmers market, the kids work at a table decorated with handmade signs that read “onions” and “garlic”, inviting people to try their herbed salt with bread. Working at the market helps them practice public speaking skills and business skills.
Nadine Joyner of a nutrition education company has a food table next to the kids at the market and often buys produce from them. She is constantly impressed by the kids’ knowledge of what they're selling—they know how to grow it, how to prepare it, and how to cook it
1.What do students at Eastern do with the harvested vegetables?
A.Sell them on market . B.Take them to school.
C.Give them to farmers. D.Share them at home.
2.What can we infer about the area Little lives in?
A.It is inconvenient in traffic. B.It is crowded with grocery stores.
C.It has poor access to fresh foods. D.It suffers from income inequality.
3.Why does City Blossoms establish school gardens?
A.To provide nutritious food. B.To improve classroom conditions.
C.To cooperate with local community. D.To create outdoor learning chances.
4.Which may be the best title for this text?
A.Green Vegetables, Healthy Gardeners B.School Garden: a Promise Land in Summer
C.Young Gardeners, Knowledgeable Minds D.City Blossoms: an Exciting Garden Project
Life under lockdown is strange and lonely but people are finding ways to come together and support those in need by volunteering. Here are just a few more ways you can take part in.
NHS Responders
After asking retired medical professionals to return to work, the government has also put out a call for 250,000 volunteers to support the NHS (National Health System). You can apply to be a community response volunteer, collecting and delivering supplies for those in isolation; a patient transport volunteer, helping patients who are dismissed from hospital get home and settled; and an NHS transport volunteer, to assist with delivery of medical supplies.
GAIL'S Bakery
As well as baking breads and pastries for the general public, GAJL's is supplying front-line NHS teams with fresh food, and they need more help to get it where it needs to be. If you want to lend a hand, drop them an email.
Re-engage
Re-engage is a voluntary group that helps reduce loneliness among old people and given that so many people are isolated because of the virus outbreak, they need more volunteers to become call companions. If you want to join them in the telephone befriending service, contact them at 18112256.
A Plate For London
This online platform helps match volunteers with Londoners in need . Now they are focusing on doorstep deliveries of food parcels and hot meals to children who rely on free school meals and those who have lost their jobs as a result of the widespread disease.
1.What is the duty of a patient transport volunteer?
A.Picking up patients. B.Sending patients home.
C.Moving patients to clinics. D.Delivering supplies for patients.
2.Which volunteer group especially cares for the senior?
A.NHS Responders. B.GAIL’s Bakery.
C.Re-engage. D.A Plate For London.
3.Who may be offered food by the online platform?
A.The aged. B.The volunteers.
C.The patients. D.The unemployed.
假定你是李华，你的外国朋友 Martin 给你发来电子邮件，请你帮忙购买一些口罩。请给他回复，内容包括：
1. 已经买到，明天寄出；
2. 给他一些防疫建议（至少两条）；
3. 问候与祝愿。
注意： 1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3. 口罩 mask
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
When it comes to the season I like best, spring will always strike to me in no time. There are many reasons that I like spring best. One of the most romantic thing is to walk in a lightly rain in spring. What’s more, after a long cold winter, everything begin to come to life. But whenever there is a chance for me to go to the countryside, I will never hesitate to pack my bags and leave to the land. Finally, I adore spring because it is either too hot nor too cold. In word, I like everything in spring, especially the sight of green trees bathing in the sunshine.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the past few months, a Chinese student1.(catch) the attention of internet users in the UK with his informative posts2.(concern) the current pandemic.
Wu Peng, originally from Chengdu, Sichuan province, has been3.(voluntary) summarizing the latest COVID-19 data to help local residents and internet users better understand the spread of the virus. To make daily updates, Wu has been using official information4.(release) by the British Department of Health and Social Care.
He has created plenty of daily5. (chart) to keep his Twitter followers up to date. Last week, he went to the streets and gave out masks free6.charge. His hard work and sense of responsibility encouraged 7.local news agency to interview him for a story. When8.(ask) about his intention, Wu explained, “I hope everyone can understand the growth trend9.(clearly) than before.” Wu told The Yorkshire Post, “10.a pandemic can be defeated depends on how people react.”
