Throughout our daily lives, we have known plenty of people and will know more. But how can we tell if someone is trustworthy? In a paper published recently in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, researcher gave us the answer.
The researchers asked 401 adults from the United States to fill out a questionnaire measuring their guilt-proneness(内疚倾向) in different situations as well as several other qualities, and then play a short online game. In this game, Player 1 is given $1, which they can choose to give to Player2. Any money given to Player 2 is then automatically increased to $2.50. Player 2 can then decide whether to keep all of the money or behave in a trustworthy way by returning a portion of the money to Player 1. The researchers found more guilt-prone people were more likely to share the money with Player1. Actually, in follow-up studies, guilt-proneness predicted trustworthiness better than other personality qualities the researchers measured.
Why might guilt lead to trustworthy behavior? The researchers found people who were guilt-prone also reported feeling an obligation to act in ethical(合乎道德的) and responsible ways while interacting(互动) with their partners in the game. People who are guilt-prone tend to avoid engaging in behavior that might harm or disappoint others. If they do something bad, guilt encourages them to try to make things right again.
Then， how can we use this research to ascertain whether someone is trustworthy? “One way to do this might be observe how they respond to experience regret,” lead author Emma Levine, assistant professor at the University of Chicago Levine, explains. Another way is to ask them to describe a difficult dilemma they faced in the past, suggests co-author Taya Cohen, associate professor at Carnegie Mellon University. This is particularly effective, Cohen and her colleagues have found, because it allows us to see if they’re concerned about the effects their actions have on others.
1.What may make others feel that we are reliable according to the text?
A.Our good qualities to help them out.
B.Our tendency to experience guilt.
C.Our kind attitude towards them.
D.Our team spirit in the game.
2.What may connect guilt with trustworthy behavior?
A.A sense of responsibility.
B.A feeling of disappointment.
C.The way one interacts with others.
D.The ability to tell right from wrong.
3.What does the underlined word “ascertain” in the last paragraph mean?
A.Ask B.Express
C.Describe D.Determine
4.How is the text organized and developed?
A.By providing background.
B.By making a lot of comparisons.
C.By answering the raised questions.
D.By analyzing effects of guilt-proneness.
In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them.
Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇吼)or even shouting at me. At the moment I decided to do something I had never done in twenty-four years of driving. I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.
No more angry shouts and no more horns!
When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can. And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn’t get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.
Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we don’t, pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.
1.People will feel happy, according to the author's findings, when __________.
A.they offer their help to others B.they receive others’ help
C.they feel others’ kindness to them D.they show their weakness to other people
2.Why does the author feel sad sometimes?
A.Because he has a soft heart, showing sympathy to others.
B.Because he is disabled and relies much on others.
C.Because some people pretend to be kind, but in fact they are not.
D.Because some people fail to see the kindness in others.
3.What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?
A.They sped up to pass because they didn’t want to wait.
B.They stopped their cars to offer help.
C.丁hey put on their flashlights too.
D.They waited with patience.
4.In this passage, the author advises us to _________.
A.be independent of others and handle problems by ourselves
B.accept help from others for everything
C.admit our weakness
D.show our bravery
The hotel roof top bar will never go out of style. Whether it’s on the 6th floor or the 65th, there’s something undeniably appealing about dining, drinking, swimming and yoga-ing high above the streets of the city below. Here are some of the best (relative) newcomers.
Qr Melbourne
The locally loved rooftop at QT is something of a chameleon (变色龙). By day, it’s the site of pop-up yoga sessions that allow guests to take in the skyline from within their downward does. At mealtime, it’s a place to dine on vegetables from chef Andrew Harmer’s rooftop garden. And after dark, it becomes a happening bar serving high-concept cocktails.
The Silo, Cape Town
The design of this new hotel ensures that every room has a dizzying view, but the roof top is especially enjoyable. The rooftop, which feels like it’s floating above Cape Town, has fantastic views of Table Mountain, Lions Head and the ocean. There’s a guests-only infinity pool (无边际游泳池) and a restaurant and a restroom with 360-degree views over the city.
Aria Hotel Budapest
The pride of this hotel is its High Note Sky Bar, with a year-round rooftop garden that offers wraparound (全景的) views over the city of Budapest. The bar managers chefs and bake chefs work together to ensure maximum enjoyment.
The Winery Hotel, Sweden
It’s the sixth floor of this hotel in Solna, where the rooftop life comes alive. Along with a restaurant that serves wine, cocktails and spaghetti, the hotel hosts DJ sessions that create the sensation of being in a much larger city.
1.What’s special about the rooftop at QT?
A.The rooftop is a chameleon.
B.The rooftop can function as different sites.
C.The roof top serves high-concept wine.
D.Guests can dine on meat from Andrew Harmer’s rooftop garden.
2.According to the text, in which hotel might you order baked bread?
A.OT Melbourne.
B.The Silo. Cape Town.
C.Aria Hotel Budapest.
D.The Winery Hotel, Sweden.
3.What do the four hotel roof tops have in common?
A.There’s a year-round roof top garden.
B.There is yoga-ing on all four root tops.
C.Guests can enjoy themselves at the hotel roof tops.
D.There’s a restroom for guests to appreciate the view.
假定你是李华，来自武汉光明中学。在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间，你新西兰的笔友Andy通过组织募捐活动援助了你的城市，请你写封邮件表示感谢。内容包括：
1.表达感谢；
2.介绍情况；
3.你的期望。
注意词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已'为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：新型冠状病毒肺炎COVID-19;疫情epidemic
Dear Andy，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错 误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^ )，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
During the Spring Festival, my classmates and I visited the Nursing Home in our city. The elderly people here expressed their warm welcome for us arrival. We brought them some fruits and flower. Then we set out to cleaning the windows, sweep the floors, wash their clothes and so on. We all worked very hardly. After that, we sat down, chat with them happily. They told us many old interesting stories and we share some recent hot topics with them. Three hours had passed since we knew it. At end of our trip, they said we had made their day.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Most Chinese people are familiar with shadow puppetry (皮影戏). Thinking about shadow puppetry, they are reminded of their experience of watching shadow play in some temple fairs 1. they were little. But now, one can enjoy a whole shadow show just by2.(put) on a Virtual Reality (VR) headset (耳机). “ We’ve been looking for a connection between traditional art and modern technology,” said the VR game3. (design) Zhang Qing.
Shadow puppetry is a Chinese folk art 4. (know) for its unique storytelling techniques，5. dates from 2,000 years ago. However, since films and TV series 6. (be) major entertainment options nowadays, shadow plays are in decline. To revive the ancient art via VR, Zhang visited puppeteers at Houma city in north China’s Shanxi Province where shadow puppetry once 7. (boom). A puppeteer Zhu Chao says that he only gets to perform five or six times a year and the art is far8.its peak. Zhu hopes the combination with technology VR can attract 9. (many) young people and pass down this ancient art as it is 10.(gradual) fading away.
