阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s time to reconsider food. Around the globe, food problems threaten wildlife, wild places and the planet itself. Today, 7.3 billion people consume 1.6 times 1.the earth’s natural resources can supply. By 2050, the world’s population will reach 9 billion and the demand for food will double.
So how do we produce more food for more people without 2.(expand) the land and water already in use? We can’t double the amount of food. 3.(fortunate), we don’t have to—we just have to double the amount of food available now instead. 4.short, we must freeze the footprint of food.
In the near-term, food production is enough 5.(provide) for all, but it doesn’t reach everyone who needs it. About 1.3 billion tons of food 6. (waste) each year—four times the amount 7. (need) to feed the more than 800 million people who are 8.(hunger).
By improving efficiency and productivity while reducing waste and shifting consumption 9. (pattern), we can produce enough food for everyone by 2050 on roughly 10. same amount of land we use now.
I come from one of those families where you have to yell at the dinner table to get in a word. Everyone has a strong _________ and talks at the same time, and no one has _________ leading to heated arguments. My aunts and uncles are lawyers. Discussions on politics are considered polite conversations. We’re that kind of family.
_______ a family like mine has made me more _________ about the world around me, making me tend to question anything anyone tells me. But it has also made me realize that I’m not a good listener. And when I say “listening”, I’m not_________ the nodding-your-head-and-_________-answering-Uh-huh-or-Ooh-I-see variety. I mean the kind of listening where you find yourself deeply _________ with the person you’re speaking with, when his story becomes so _________ that your world becomes less about you and more about him. No, I was never very good at that.
I spent summer in South Africa two years ago. I worked for a good non-profit _________ called Noah, which tirelessly __________ children affected by AIDS. But __________ you asked me what I really did in South Africa, I’d tell you one thing: I listened, and I listened. Sometimes I __________, but mostly I listened.
And had I not spent two months __________, I might have missed the touching __________ when a quiet little girl at one of Noah’s community centers, orphaned at the age of three, whispered after a long __________, “I love you.”
________ that summer, I knew how to hear. I could sit down with anyone and hear their __________ and nod and respond at the __________ time but most of the time I was __________ about the next words out of my own mouth. Ever since my summer in South Africa, I have noticed that it’s in those moments when my mouth is closed and my __________ is wide open that I’ve learned the most about other people, and perhaps about myself.
1.A.assumption B.influence C.opinion D.feeling
2.A.choice B.difficulty C.fun D.request
3.A.Belonging to B.Believing in C.Taking up D.Struggling for
4.A.curious B.anxious C.nervous D.adventurous
5.A.objecting to B.agreeing to C.attending to D.referring to
6.A.rudely B.loudly C.politely D.gratefully
7.A.identifying B.quarreling C.debating D.competing
8.A.vivid B.confusing C.addictive D.educational
9.A.school B.institute C.factory D.church
10.A.trains B.arranges C.employs D.assists
11.A.unless B.because C.although D.if
12.A.cheered B.spoke C.acted D.explained
13.A.speaking B.studying C.listening D.working
14.A.moment B.sound C.scenery D.performance
15.A.rest B.course C.journey D.silence
16.A.Before B.After C.Except D.Since
17.A.needs B.stories C.comments D.cases
18.A.valuable B.free C.right D.same
19.A.talking B.arguing C.learning D.thinking
20.A.door B.ear C.mind D.notebook
Many people might feel lost during a major transition(转折)in life. Life coaching, however, is the best choice for anyone who is looking for ways to get through the tough path of life.
—1. Some life coaches might focus only on certain types of situations, like advancing careers, while others may be willing to help with nearly any life transition.
A life coach will often act as an advisor for his clients(客户).2. Many times, he will also be able to look at a client’s life with n fair eye and ofter fresh ideas on certain situations. In doing so,the life coach will usually be able to help his client work through any problems he may face.
3. During this interview, the life coach should find out what the client’s wants, needs and goals are in life.
How to help each client is different to everyone, and it is a very individualized process.4. Because of this, a life coach must develop plans based on each client’s strengths, weaknesses, abilities and so on. A life coach will also usually take each client’s morals and values into consideration.
Some life coaches may be able to find employment with a few select universities and corporations. There are also a handful of large life coaching firms that hire life coaches as well. The majority of life coaches, however, work for themselves, opening their own life coaching practices.
5.
A.Methods that work for one client may not work for another.
B.A good life coach should try to satisfy all the needs of his clients.
C.He is often expected to listen closely to their concerns and problems.
D.Before a life coach can help a client, he first needs an in-depth interview.
E.Life coaches offer guidance to all types of people in different stages of their lives.
F.In some cases, life coaches may work together and offer a wider range of services.
G.Generally, there are no strict education requirements for starting a life coaching career.
Smile! It makes everyone in the room feel better because they, consciously or unconsciously, are smiling with you. Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry(模仿) allows us to empathize with and even experience other people’s feelings. If we can’t mirror another person’s face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions. A review of this emotional mirroring appears on February 11 in Trends in Cognitive Sciences.
In their paper, Paula Niedenthal and Adrienne Wood, social psychologists at the University of Wisconsin, describe how people in social situations copy others’ facial expressions to create emotional responses in themselves. For example, if you’re with a friend who looks sad, you might “try on” that sad face yourself without realizing you’re doing so. In “trying on” your friend’s expression, it helps you to recognize what they’re feeling by associating it with times in the past when you made that expression. Humans get this emotional meaning from facial expressions in a matter of only a few hundred milliseconds.
“You reflect on your emotional feelings and then you generate some sort of recognition judgment, and the most important thing that results in is that you take the appropriate action—you approach the person or you avoid the person,” Niedenthal says. “Your own emotional reaction to the face changes your perception of how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more information about what it means.”
A person’s ability to recognize and “share” others’ emotions can be prevented when they can’t mimic faces. This is a common complaint for people with motor diseases, like facial paralysis(瘫痪) from a stroke, or even due to nerve damage from plastic surgery. Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from paralysis from birth, because if you’ve never had the ability to mimic facial expressions, you will have developed compensatory ways of interpreting emotions.
People with social disorders associated with mimicry or emotion-recognition damage, like autism(自闭症), can experience similar challenges. “There are some symptoms in autism where lack of facial mimicry may in part be due to limitation of eye contact,” Niedenthal says.
Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition. A better understanding of that part, she says, will give us a better idea of how to treat related disorders.
1.According to the passage, facial mimicry helps ________.
A.experience one’s own feelings clearly B.change others’ emotions quickly
C.respond to others’ expressions properly D.develop friendship with others easily
2.We can know from Paragraph 4 and 5 that ________.
A.people with motor diseases may also suffer from autism
B.people born with facial paralysis may still recognize emotions
C.people with social disorders can’t have eye contact with others
D.people receiving plastic surgery have difficulty in mimicking faces
3.According to Niedenthal, the next step of the study will focus on ________.
A.how we can treat brain disorders
B.what can be done to regain facial mimicry
C.how our brain helps us with emotional mirroring
D.what part of our brain helps recognize facial expression
4.The passage is written to ________.
A.discuss how people react positively to others’ smiles
B.draw people’s attention to those with social disorders
C.introduce a new trend in facial expression recognition
D.explain how emotional mirroring affects people’s empathy
They asked Katherine Johnson for the moon, and she gave it to them. With little more than a pencil, a slide rule and one of the finest mathematical minds in the country, Mrs. Johnson, who died at 101 on Monday, calculated the precise track that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969 and, after Neil Armstrong’s history—making moonwalk, let it return to Earth.
Yet throughout Mrs. Johnson’s 33 years in NASA and for decades afterwards, almost no one knew her name.
Mrs. Johnson was one of several hundred strictly educated, supremely capable yet largely unrecognized women who, well before the modern feminist movement, worked as NASA mathematicians. But it was not only her sex that kept her long unsung. For some years at midcentury, the black women were subjected to a double segregation (隔离)：They were kept separate from the much large group of white women who in turn were segregated from the agency’s male mathematicians and engineers.
Mrs. Johnson broke barriers at NASA. In old age, Mrs. Johnson became the most celebrated of black women who served as mathematicians for the space agency. Their story was told in the 2016 Hollywood film Hidden Figures, which was nominated for three Oscars, including best picture.
In 2017, NASA dedicated a building in her honor. That year, The Washington Post described her as “the most high- profile of the computers”—“computers” being the term originally used to describe Mrs. Johnson and her colleagues, much as “typewriters” were used in the 19th century to represent professional typists.
She “helped our nation enlarge the frontiers of space,” NASA’s administrator, Jim Bridenstine, said in a statement on Monday, “even as she made huge steps that also opened doors for women and people of color in the universal human quest to explore space.”
As Mrs. Johnson herself was fond of saying, her term at Langley—from 1953 until her retirement in 1986—was “a time when computers wore skirts.”
1.What is the function of the first paragraph?
A.To present the Apollo moon mission. B.To stress Mrs. Johnson’s contributions
C.To honour Neil Armstrong’s moonwalk. D.To mourn a great woman—Mrs. Johnson.
2.Which of the following was the toughest thing Mrs. Johnson had to overcome?
A.The difference between male and females in this field.
B.People’s not recognizing her talent.
C.Inequality in gender and race.
D.The hardships before the modern feminist movement.
3.Why were Mrs. Johnson and her colleagues described as “computers”?
A.Because they used computers to keep their work secret.
B.Because they were the agency’s human calculators.
C.Because computer systems engaged them deeply.
D.Because they calculate precisely using computers.
4.What can we learn from Mrs. Johnson’s experience?
A.Don’t judge a person by his appearance.
B.The world awaits our discovery.
C.Use knowledge to wipe out ignorance.
D.Never be limited by the labels attached by others.
While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we’ve “summered.” “Summer” is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbed noun.
Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you didn’t feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns.
“The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia O’Conner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.
Even though conversion (转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.B.White, in The Elements of Style — the Bible for the use of American English — have this to say: “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.
“Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them,” says O’Conner. That’s why we’re comfortable “hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” a noun if it’s easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.
In the end, however, style is subjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English.” Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.
1.What can we learn about the verbing of nouns?
A.It hasn’t recently been opposed by many grammarians.
B.It is more commonly accepted by children than adults.
C.It hasn’t been a rare phenomenon in the past century.
D.It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice
2.What is most leading experts’ attitude towards the practice of the verbing of nouns?
A.Cautious. B.Satisfied.
C.Disappointed. D.Unconcerned.
3.What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns?
A.Predictable. B.Practicable.
C.Approaching. D.Impossible.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Are 40 Percent of all new verbs from nouns？
B.Are Summering and Medaling Annoying?
C.Are You Comfortable about a New Verb?
D.Are There Any Rules for Verbing?
