The decline in sea ice seen in the Arctic in recent decades has been linked by scientists to the spread of a deadly virus in marine (海洋的) mammals. Researchers found that Phocine distemper virus (PDV) had spread from animals in the North Atlantic to populations in the North Pacific.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the ice has been retreating by around 12% per decade between 1979 and 2018. These sea ice changes in September (2018) are likely unprecedented (前所未有的) for at least 1, 000 years. “Between 1979 and 2018, the real proportion (比例) of multi-year ice that is at least five years old has declined by approximately 90%,” the IPCC said in their report on the oceans and the cryosphere (冰冻圈) published in September.
Against this changing background, researchers have investigated the likely spread of the PDV infection, which caused a large number of deaths among harbour seals in the North Atlantic in 2002. Melting sea ice is now connecting marine mammals, like these Steller sea lions, which were formerly separated by ice . “As animals move and come in contact with other species, they carry opportunities to introduce and catch new infectious disease, with potentially destructive effects.” said author Dr Tracey Goldstein, from the University of California, Davis.
The authors warn that this trend could continue as they believe climate driven changes in the Arctic ocean will increase. The opportunities for the spread of PDV will likely grow, with uncertain health outcomes for many species.
1.What does the word “populations” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A.The marine mammals. B.The people.
C.The virus. D.The land animals.
2.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A.The loss of sea ice. B.The formation of sea ice.
C.The effect of sea ice. D.The proportion of sea ice.
3.What does paragraph 3 try to tell us?
A.How marine mammals adapt to their habitats.
B.How a large number of seals died in the Arctic.
C.How melting ice is linked to the spread of virus.
D.How marine mammals live with the melting ice.
4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A.Entertainment. B.Health.
C.Education. D.Nature.
Oscar Valera likes to use 3D printers to build a collection of crafts (模型), but he is now turning his hobby toward the fight against the coronavirus pandemic (新冠大流行).
In just four days, the New Jersey high school teacher has printed and distributed 200 face masks to medical professionals across the country, including Florida and Texas. He is far from done. “One woman told me what you’re doing right now is giving people peace of mind. You’re probably saving lives,” said Valera, who found a mask design posted online.
Demand for face masks, along with N95-masks and other personal protective equipment (PPE) has increased with the surge (大量涌现) of patients infected with the highly infectious virus. That has prompted volunteer 3D printers like Valera to step in to support doctors, nurses and first responders, who are all in danger of contracting the sometimes deadly illness.
In Sunnyvale, California, community workspace nonprofit Maker Nexus has been running its 13 3D printers and three laser cutters (激光切割机) nonstop. The company produced 1,800 masks for local hospitals and now has requests for another 13,000.
Elsewhere in Silicon Valley, more companies are joining in. Fremont-based PrinterPrezz, a 3D-printing medical device contract manufacturer that specializes in metal spinal implants, switched production to printing PPE after getting a request from nearby Washington Hospital Healthcare System.
Snap Lab, a unit of Snap Inc, is also producing face masks to donate to hospitals. In New Jersey, Valera said he will continue to do his part. “I don’t mind doing this,” Valera said. “I just hate the fact that I have.”
1.What do we know about Oscar Valera?
A.He is a professional craftsman.
B.He is helping medical worker to save lives.
C.He adopts the online mask design.
D.He is forced to print face masks.
2.How many enterprises are mentioned to help produce medical equipment?
A.2. B.3. C.4. D.5.
3.What’s the tone of the author when reporting the news?
A.Concerned. B.Critical.
C.Objective. D.Enthusiastic.
4.What’s the best title of the passage?
A.A Teacher’s Creativity to Produce Masks.
B.3D Printers Help Make Face masks.
C.Face Masks Are in Great Demand.
D.The Fight Against the Pandemic.
In California, there are farms that you can visit, tour, and buy locally grown products to sample and enjoy. These are some of the best farms to visit when you’re in California!
China Ranch Date Farm, Tecopa
China Ranch is a small family-owned farm that is truly an oasis in the desert. When you visit, you can try fresh dates and bread, muffins, and cookies made with dates. The shop is open every day except for Christmas and is an easy 85-mile drive from Las Vegas as well. There’s a small museum that’s open to the public，and the China Ranch is available for film and photography shoots.
Tanaka Farms, Irvine
For farm-fresh fruits and vegetables in Southern California, look no further than Tanaka Farms. This Irvine destination allows you to take a guided walking tour around the farm to pick your own produce. Throughout the year, there are watermelon, pumpkin patch, and Christmas tree tours. Make sure to bring your own water, wear comfortable close-toed shoes, and leave your pets at home.
Underwood Family Farms, Somis
This is a family-friendly farm that is open every day throughout the year and has an animal center as well. One of the most fun things to do here is to pick your own strawberries, blueberries, blackberries and raspberries. For kids, this is a fun place to host a birthday party, take an educational farm tour, or attend farming camp in the summer. McClelland’s Dairy Farm, Petaluma
McClelland’s is a dairy farm, but it is also an organic pumpkin patch and sells free-range eggs and organic artisan butter. This farm offers tours that are designed for both kids and adults with a hands-on approach to learning about farming. The traditional farm tour takes you through the history of the farm and to see baby calves. You’ll watch a cow being milked by hand over the 1. 5-hour tour.
1.Which is not available in China Ranch Date Farm?
A.Tasting fresh dates. B.Visiting a museum.
C.Shooting a picture. D.Celebrating Christmas.
2.What is the style of Tanaka Farms?
A.Pet-friendly. B.Family-owned.
C.Camp-based. D.Pick-your-own.
3.What do Underwood Family Farms and McClelland’s Dairy Farm have in common?
A.They are open every day throughout the year.
B.They allow visitors to pick up fruits by themselves.
C.They offer chances to kids to experience farming.
D.They have an animal center to sell dairy products.
假定你是你班英语科代表李华，得知许多同学长时间在网上学习英语。就此请你用英语给你班同学发一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 陈述长时间在网上学习造成的影响；
2. 你的建议（控制时间，多种形式相结合等）。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I have learned a lot about Shanghai and I had been dying to go there. When I’m in Shang-hai, and I’ll walk along the Bund (上海外滩), on which I can see many western-style buildings. At noon, we want to eat some delicious snack in Yu Garden. After lunch, I plan to visiting the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, which is the seventh high tower in the world. Besides, I will also climb to the top of that tower to have a look on the whole city. Only in this way, can I have better understanding of that modernly city. Visiting Shanghai is my wish. I hope it will be realizing this year.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
High school years are a large part in1.(shape) the person you are going to become. A school often2.(provide)education for you,and it can also be a place 3.you can develop relationships with many different people,join clubs,and participate in a variety of different sports.These years can make you become a high school student4.(fill)with many different emotions,including happiness, anger,sadness, envy, loneliness,stress,and a numerous amount more.This is also a time when peer(同龄人)pressure is most commonly put upon a vast majority of teens.
Peer pressure is the influence from members of one's peer group.This can include influencing another to drink,smoke,cheat on a test,lie,skip class,and etc.The list is 5.(end).Peer pressure at high school is both harmful6. effective because it can lead to teen depression,high stress levels,negative behavior7.(issue),and poor decision making and outcomes.
Despite the fact that peer pressure is most commonly seen as a very negative issue,it can 8.(see)positively in some situations.This can involve pressuring your peers to avoid drugs,be honest,avoid alcohol,respect others,work hard,exercise,be kind, be responsible,and more.Friends and peer9.(actual)affect the choices you make.Choosing to have good friends can have a very strong effect10. you.
