阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wh...

    How do doctors and hospitals decide who gets potentially lifesaving treatment and who doesn't? Facing this _______ position recently— who gets a ventilator(呼吸机) or a bed in hospital— Italian doctors sought advice on conscience and were told to consider a/an_______ . that draws on utilitarian(功利主义) principles.

In the words which are easy to understand, a utilitarianism approach would maximize(使最大化) overall health by directing _______ toward those most likely to _______ the most from it. If you had only one ventilator, it would go to someone more likely to _______.

In addition, they say pulling the _______ of front-line health care workers first is  _______to maximize the number of lives saved. We may _______ a shortage of such workers, and some have already fallen _______.

In a recent article in The New York Times, a British researcher said, “There are arguments about ________ the young over the old that I am personally very uncomfortable with,” he added. “Is a 20-year-old ________more valuable than a 50-ycar-old, or are 50-year-olds actually more useful for your economy, because they have ________ and skills that 20-ycars-olds don't have?”

Dr. Emanuel ________ with that statement: “The 20-rcar-old has lived fewer years of life; they have been seized of a full life ________. If they nearly have the same prediction of the course of the disease, then the fact that 20-year-old has not had a full life counts in their favor for getting ________ that are rare at this special moment.”

1.A.present B.difficult C.firm D.modern

2.A.approach B.concept C.structure D.order

3.A.money B.medicine C.operation D.care

4.A.suffer B.hear C.benefit D.differ

5.A.disappear B.survive C.breathe D.die

6.A.income B.health C.dream D.promise

7.A.moving B.temporary C.diverse D.necessary

8.A.face B.improve C.solve D.help

9.A.asleep B.silent C.ill D.apart

10.A.proving B.valuing C.promoting D.marking

11.A.really B.usually C.possibly D.casually

12.A.memory B.relatives C.experience D.friends

13.A.disagree B.declared C.struggled D.protested

14.A.with power B.on time C.in use D.by force

15.A.devices B.equipment C.materials D.resources

    Are you a bookworm? Is your head permanently stuck in a book? 1. There are many benefits to reading. Getting into a good novel improves our literacy. Bui who what encourages us to pick up a book and start reading?

Of course, when we are young, our parents and teachers inspire us by introducing us to characters that we love or hate. As a child, I loved books written by RoaldDahl, such as Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and The Twits. 2. They are popular with children even today, despite competition from contemporary authors.

One modern-day children's author is J. K. Rowling, who's known for her books about the wizard, Harry Potter. 3. The UK's National Literacy Trust awarded her the title for “turning a generation of children into readers”.

4. It can also help people in difficult circumstances. The author Pat Winslow worked as a writer in prisons and found reading and discussing stories helped prisoners reflect on their patterns of behavior. She says, “very often we would have discussions about the moral compass of a character. What was the motivation of somebody? Why did they behave that way?”

Today I like to read factual books such as biographies, where you get an insight into the lives of important and well-known people. I also enjoy looking at travel books and learning about journeys and new destinations. 5.

A.If so, that's a good thing for you.

B.It's a good substitute if you can't visit in person.

C.Good writing can really capture our imagination.

D.Reading books is more than an enjoyable leisure time.

E.These fictional stories were funny, twisted and slightly evil.

F.Who are your favorite authors and which are your favorite books?

G.She was named as a "literacy hero" for improving people's love of reading.

    Why do people lie? Many psychologists agree that lying can start from childhood. There are various reasons why children make false statements. They usually tell untruthful stories to cover up the mistakes that they have done in the past. Lying is also a way to avoid receiving punishments from parents. If parents, fail to reprimand their children for making up false stories, then there is a possibility that they will continue to lie during their teenage years.

Teenagers lie because they want to be accepted by their friends. This is the main reason why they create stories that are not true just to become presentable and acceptable to other people. In some instances, teenagers tell untruthful statements to avoid criticisms from their families and friends.

As teenagers grow, lying becomes one of their habits. Their knowledge on making up untruthful stories becomes more developed. People lie in workplaces if they fail to meet the deadlines and if they fail to accomplish and do their tasks efficiently. Some of the common lies made in workplaces are getting sick and having emergencies at home. The danger involved in frequent lying is when it becomes a character. Frequent lying causes the development of the condition known to doctors as pathological lying.

Pathological lying is a mental health condition, which is associated with individuals who have the urge to tell untruthful statements. Patients suffering from it make up stories about everything and anything. These individuals pretend to meet the standards of other people who they want to please. These patients cheat other people because it gives them an unexplained pleasure. One of the best ways of treating pathological liars is to help them tell true statements and stories at all times. This may be hard for them, but as they are accustomed to it, they will start to realize that they will be more accepted by their families and other people if they stop themselves from making up false stories.

1.What does the underlined word "reprimand'' in Paragraph 1 mean?

A.satisfy B.criticize

C.discourage D.praise

2.Why do Teenagers tell lies according to the passage?

A.Because they want to avoid being punished. B.Because they want to fool other people.

C.Because they want to satisfy others. D.Because they want to attract others' attention.

3.Why is Pathological lying a disease?

A.Because the patients can't help lying.

B.Because the patients lose interest in everything.

C.Because the patients are critical about themselves.

D.Because the patients have the urge to please others.

4.What are patients suffering pathological lying most likely to do?

A.They really want to play jokes on others.

B.They often suffer from some other diseases.

C.They usually want to show off themselves by making some statements.

D.They always like making up pleasing stories.

5.How does the writer explain pathological lying?

A.By showing some typical examples. B.By predicting the future consequences.

C.By analyzing its causes and development. D.By listing a group of phenomena.

    I'd like to share a little story with you about something that happened when I was four, remember it clearly. Our loving family dog was nearing the end of his life. My father picked him up and put him in a little bed we had made for him. Our dog, my companion. whom we had cared for, bit my father when he attempted to help him. How could he? Why? I couldn't understand it. I didn't like him anymore.

I hadn't thought about that story for a long time but something that happened last week brought it back to me. I went to speak with a friend. When I knocked on the door, I met in an instant an angry look and a few harsh(尖刻的) words. When the door was skimmed(砰地关上) in my face, I stood there shocked, and in a rush, I was reminded of my dog which bit my father 20 years ago or so.

What brought that story back was that same feeling of betrayal.

Both stories taught me something the next day. You see, when I got up in the morning and was told my dog had died, it became clear to me that he must have been in great pain. For him to have bitten a family member, he could not have been himself. Much the same for the other story when I learned that my friend's wife had just left him.

We are all beings of our environments, our opinions and feelings. And all of those things can cause you to say and do things that can't be understood by those who are not in the same situation with you.

If you meet someone either behaving out of character or acting in a way that doesn't seem to fit the situation, be patient when you think it is least possible for him to do so and try to get to know why he had such behaviour.

1.What's the influence of the incident that happened when he was four?

A.It hurt his father's feeling deeply. B.It has puzzled the author ever since.

C.It left a deep impression on the author. D.It made the author dislike dogs.

2.What made the author think about the story of about 20 years ago?

A.The photo of the dog, B.His friend's attitude.

C.His father's wound. D.His friend’s suffering.

3.Why did the authors friend say harsh words to the author?

A.Because he was bad-tempered.

B.Because they once quarreled and lie couldn't forgive the author.

C.Because he was bothered by an unexpected visit.

D.Because he was suffering the pain of losing his wife.

4.What conclusion did the author get from the two stories?

A.Misunderstanding should be removed in time.

B.Sometimes one will be hurt without any reason.

C.Many people think more of themselves and less of others.

D.Many factors will affect one's behavior.

5.What's the author's advice to us?

A.Learn to understand others. B.Look before you leap.

C.Help those in need. D.Tolerance is a kind of virtue.

    A polished resume is essential for a successful school or job application. A clear structure and well-organized content can be the difference between success and failure.

Structuring your resume

(1) Create a header with your name and contact information. There are also down loadable templates(模板) available online. If none of them appeals to you, however, you can always use your own design.

(2) Use a chronological(时间顺序排列的)resume. In a chronological resume, you list your work and education experiences, starting with your most recent experience.

(3) Include your relevant education, awards or training. Typically, your highest academic qualification is the only one you need to include on your resume.

If you had a cumulative(累积的)GPA of 3.5 or higher, feel free to include it. Otherwise, it would be best to leave it out. If you re listing more than one degree, include your GPA on both of them, if possible.

(4) List work experience, including relevant volunteer work and internships. Use specific job titles and short explanations that tell potential employers exactly what you did, what skills you gained and how they could be useful in a new job.

(5) Try a functional resume, if you lack direct work experience. With a functional resume you can highlight your specific skills and resources without having to list previous jobs. A functional resume emphasizes what you can do rather than what you've done.

Making your content shine

Place keywords in your resume strategically. Schools or employers often use software to scan resumes for specific keywords.

1.How should you present your job and education experiences on a resume?

A.Begin with your most successful experience.

B.Stan with your most recent experience.

C.Include as many details as possible.

D.Only introduce your highest degree.

2.When should you leave your GPA out of your resume?

A.If your total GPA was below 3.5. B.If your cumulative GPA was below 4.0.

C.If you're listing more than one decree. D.If you are still a student.

3.What should you do if you don't have much work experience according to the text?

A.List my job you've done before.

B.talk about how much you know about the job.

C.Focus on your abilities and skills related to the job.

D.Share what you've learned from your previous work.

4.How can you make your resume noticeable according to the text? 、

A.Use a catchy template. B.Send your resume in a DOC file.

C.Mention a hobby that you are good at. D.Highlight some keywords in your resume.

5.What is the main idea of this passage?

A.The ways to shine the content of your resume。

B.How to structure your resume.

C.The recipe of resume success.

D.The contact information in the resume.