Friendly Laughter
Most people can share a laugh with a total stranger. But there are subtle - and _______ -- differences in our laughs with friends.
Greg Bryant, a cognitive scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and his colleagues previously found that adults from 24 societies around the world can distinguish simultaneous "co-laughter" between friends from that between strangers. The findings suggested that his ability may be _______ used to help read social interactions. So the researchers wondered: Can babies distinguish such laughter, too?
Bryant and his fellow researcher Athena Vouloumanos, a developmental psychologist at New York University, played recording of co-laughter between _______ of either friends or strangers to 24 five-month-old infants in New York City. The babies listened _______ to the laughs shared between buddies - suggesting they could tell the two types apart, according to a study published in March in Scientific Reports.
The researchers then showed the babies short videos of two people acting either like friends or strangers and paired those with the _______ recordings. The babies stared for longer at clips paired with a mismatched recording - for example, if they saw friends _______ but heard strangers laughing.
"There's something about co-laughter that is giving _______ to even a five-month-old about the social relationship between the individuals," Bryant says. Exactly what components of laughter the infants are detecting remains to be seen, but prior work by Bryant's team provides _______. Laughs between friends tend to include greater variations in pitch and _______, for example.
Such characteristics also distinguish ________ laughs from fake ones. Many scientists think heartfelt laughter most likely ________ from play vocalizations, which are also produced by nonhuman primates, rodents and other mammals. Fake laughter probably emerged later in humans, ________ that ability to produce a wide range of speech sounds. The researchers suggest that we may be ________ to spontaneous（自发的）laughter during development because of its long evolutionary history.
It's really cool to see how early infants are distinguishing between different forms of laughter," says Adrienne Wood, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, who was not involved in the study. "Almost every ________ moment is a social interaction for babies. Therefore it ________ that they are becoming very much accustomed to their social worlds."
1.A.distinct B.invisible C.detectable D.conscious
2.A.universally B.apparently C.fairly D.precisely
3.A.groups B.pairs C.rivals D.partners
4.A.shorter B.longer C.less patiently D.more diligently
5.A.friendly B.strange C.visual D.audio
6.A.interacting B.reflecting C.clubbing D.interpreting
7.A.value B.meaning C.information D.friendship
8.A.accounts B.implications C.routes D.hints
9.A.engagement B.frequency C.intensity D.length
10.A.obliged B.involuntary C.encouraged D.internal
11.A.evolved B.heaped C.sprang D.originated
12.A.apart from B.along with C.as against D.ahead of
13.A.available B.crucial C.sensitive D.neutral
14.A.screaming B.kicking C.shifting D.waking
15.A.turns out B.comes true C.rings hollow D.makes sense
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Voice for the Planet
It's the voice you notice first. In person, David Attenborough speaks in the same awestruck hush he has used in dozens of nature documentaries, a crisp half whisper 1. is often imitated but seldom matched. Sitting in his home in the Richmond neighbourhood of west London for one in a series of conversations, I feel obliged to drink 2. second cup of tea when he offers. It somehow seems wrong to say no.
In his native U. K. Attenborough is held in the kind of respect usually 3. (reserve) for royalty. Over decades - first as a television executive, then as a wildlife filmmaker and recently as a kind of elder statesman for the planet -- he has achieved near saintly（圣人的）status. He was knighted（封为骑士）by the Queen in 1985 and 4. (usually refer) to as Sir David.
Attenborough pioneered a style of wildlife film-making that brought viewers to remote landscapes and gave them a close perspective on the wonders of nature. In the autumn of his life, Attenborough has largely moved away from 5. these films are made but lends his storytelling abilities to wildlife documentaries in collaboration with filmmakers his storytelling abilities to wildlife documentaries in collaboration with filmmakers he has mentored. His most famous work, the 2006 BBC series Planet Earth, set a benchmark in the use of high-definition cameras and had a budget equal to 6. of a Hollywood movie. Among its highlights 7. (be) the first footage of a snow leopard, the impossibly rare Asian wildcat that hunts high in the Himalayas. More than a decade 8. it was first released, Planet Earth remains among the all-time best-selling nonfiction DVDs.
Now Attenborough is putting his voice and the weight of authority he has accumulated to greater moral purpose. In recent months he has stood 9. powerful audiences at the 2018 U. N. climate talks in Katowice, Poland, and the 2019 World Economic Forum at Davos, in Switzerland, to urge them into action on climate change. These kinds of event are not his chosen habitat, Attenborough tells TIME. "I would much prefer not to be a sign- 10. (carry) conservationist. My life is the natural world. But I can't not carry a placard（标语牌）if I see what's happening."
疫情之下，云游博物馆也成了年轻人足不出户领略文化的新潮流。假如你是李华，你的英国网友Lucy 发邮件给你，想知道你们现在的“虚拟博物馆”活动。请你给她写封电子邮件，告知相关内容。内容包括：
1.该活动原因；
2.该活动优点（至少两点）；
3. 推荐一个虚拟博物馆。
注意：1.词数不少于100字；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：virtual虚拟的
Dear Lucy,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
There is no doubt whether attending college can not only enlarge our knowledge but also improved our ability. Colleges are considered as the most beautiful places in the world, where we are likely to take the possession of the most wonderful time in our life. However, it's a pity that some students waste the precious time in college. It is not until they look for jobs that they regret not working harder. I hope we will value every minute. Only in this way will we not regret it when look back at the past.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
While buying things online, many of us rely on customer reviews to understand the usage and 1.（perform）of a product. But many sellers are buying fake reviews to influence purchasing patterns. Review companies have 2.army of testers who post four - and five-star reviews on e-commerce platforms. More than 60,000 specialized testers throughout Europe write reviews quickly and 3.（rely）. Although Amazon 4.（fight） against fake reviews and has deleted some of them, the fake reviews won't stop 5. Amazon stops its practice of ranking products.
How do doctors and hospitals decide who gets potentially lifesaving treatment and who doesn't? Facing this _______ position recently— who gets a ventilator(呼吸机) or a bed in hospital— Italian doctors sought advice on conscience and were told to consider a/an_______ . that draws on utilitarian(功利主义) principles.
In the words which are easy to understand, a utilitarianism approach would maximize(使最大化) overall health by directing _______ toward those most likely to _______ the most from it. If you had only one ventilator, it would go to someone more likely to _______.
In addition, they say pulling the _______ of front-line health care workers first is _______to maximize the number of lives saved. We may _______ a shortage of such workers, and some have already fallen _______.
In a recent article in The New York Times, a British researcher said, “There are arguments about ________ the young over the old that I am personally very uncomfortable with,” he added. “Is a 20-year-old ________more valuable than a 50-ycar-old, or are 50-year-olds actually more useful for your economy, because they have ________ and skills that 20-ycars-olds don't have?”
Dr. Emanuel ________ with that statement: “The 20-rcar-old has lived fewer years of life; they have been seized of a full life ________. If they nearly have the same prediction of the course of the disease, then the fact that 20-year-old has not had a full life counts in their favor for getting ________ that are rare at this special moment.”
1.A.present B.difficult C.firm D.modern
2.A.approach B.concept C.structure D.order
3.A.money B.medicine C.operation D.care
4.A.suffer B.hear C.benefit D.differ
5.A.disappear B.survive C.breathe D.die
6.A.income B.health C.dream D.promise
7.A.moving B.temporary C.diverse D.necessary
8.A.face B.improve C.solve D.help
9.A.asleep B.silent C.ill D.apart
10.A.proving B.valuing C.promoting D.marking
11.A.really B.usually C.possibly D.casually
12.A.memory B.relatives C.experience D.friends
13.A.disagree B.declared C.struggled D.protested
14.A.with power B.on time C.in use D.by force
15.A.devices B.equipment C.materials D.resources
