阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Generally we know a little about the western people and their ways of life. When the difference is 1.(wide) than our expectation, it becomes a cultural shock.
Cultural 2. (shock) may come in different ways. Once my friend, 3. businessman, after concluding a business with his suppliers in Hangzhou, 4. (whisper)to me, “Do we have to dine (进餐) together with them? ”I knew he was not sure of our dinner culture and reassured (使安心) him, “Yes, if you wish, 5. not necessary.” He did choose to dine with the suppliers but I don't think he enjoyed it. Hard as I tried 6. (focus) the dialogue on my friend, the suppliers always talked to me, 7. (leave) my friend seated there listening to a(n) 8. (relevant) conversation.
People who are familiar 9. Chinese ways know Chinese people drink hot water, and always remind their friends not to drink 10. (direct)when they receive a cup of water. I, too, don't take any chance, either ask my clients whether they need chilled water or normal or remind them the water might be hot.
China is an open country now and the cultural exchange has been quite frequent over the last 30 years. Such cultural shocks are less and less shocking.
My mom is an environmentalist. We've always composted (制堆肥） and she's always had some sort of garden. She also never threw anything away because she could see the second __ in it.
I grew into a __ lifestyle. And I started __ my carbon footprint and consumption.
I decided to __ my car for one month in May of 2017. If I needed a car, I was going to borrow someone's to prove that I had the community to __ this decision. I only ended up __ a car once, and I realized it didn't make sense to own a car, __ it and pay for gas. So in September, I fully __ and sold my car.
I also fly a lot for work, and on my __ from the travel agency, it will include how many tons of __ you're emitting (排放） from just your single __, which is like a punch in the gut.
As a result, it has become a __ for me to offset (抵消） my carbon emissions. I __ my carbon emissions, and go onto carbon footprint. com and purchase an offset in the __ of a donation. If we're going to __ the environment this much, we have to be doing something that's going to offset the carbon __ until there's a carbon tax, which I truly hope is __ we will go next.
It’s also really important to talk about what we could see the __ as, because it gets so dark so fast when people talk about __ change.
I don't know what the __ is of me not having a car, but I hope it's something positive that I can't necessarily see.
1.A.Time B.life C.hand D.way
2.A.different B.healthy C.modern D.similar
3.A.Assessing B.suspecting C.obtaining D.ignoring
4.A.blow up B.speed up C.give up D.break up
5.A.oppose B.support C.announce D.approve
6.A.borrowing B.possessing C.purchasing D.renting
7.A.repair B.wash C.park D.finance
8.A.understood B.quit C.recovered D.agreed
9.A.list B.poster C.trip D.ticket
10.A.smell B.heat C.carbon D.sweat
11.A.seat B.plane C.car D.garden
12.A.pain B.habit C.burden D.reward
13.A.increase B.reduce C.control D.calculate
14.A.form B.name C.course D.middle
15.A.provide B.create C.pollute D.preserve
16.A.in vain B.in return C.in force D.in advance
17.A.when B.why C.how D.where
18.A.future B.globe C.environment D.tax
19.A.cultural B.economic C.climate D.population
20.A.intention B.motivation C.drawback D.effect
One thing that most of us probably can agree on: just about every parent thinks that his or her kid is special. 1.. Good intentions, however, do not often lead to good outcomes: people who particularly dislike their name-and also if other people think it's an odd (怪异的） and unlikeable name-tend not to be as well-adjusted.
2., maybe even something fairly significant, about your parents' religious or ethnic (种族的） background, their level of income or education, maybe even their politics. From what we can tell, your name is not your destiny (命运）. The story goes that two brothers in New York were named Loser and Winner by their parents. Loser turned out to have a great life as an upstanding citizen. He was a police detective. 3. .
Just think about it for a minute. 4. -your intelligence, your taste, your health, your work morals and decision-making-to say nothing of luck.
Now, considering all of those heavyweight forces, how much could something as surface as a name really affect your life's outcome? 5. , it isn't that hard to change it.
A.Your life is determined by yourself
B.And Winner had been a career criminal
C.A name contains a rich set of information
D.Think about all the things that make you
E.It is true that your name may tell the world something
F.Plus which: if you really think your name is holding you back
G.And part of what makes each of our kids special is the names we give them
The stomach is an extremely strong organ, full of acid to break down each meal. In order to prevent this acid from burning a hole in our stomachs and damaging other organs, our stomach lining is specially adapted to contain the acid safely.
H. pylori are able to live in the stomach by living in the lining, safe from harsh stomach acid. These bacteria are actually pretty common in people, approximately a third of Australians have H. pylori in their bodies, but not all have symptoms.
The bacteria can eventually create infection in stomach lining, a condition known as gastritis (胃炎）, by wearing away the lining and allowing stomach acid to burn away stomach tissue, causing painful ulcers (溃疡）。
Up until the 1980s, it was thought that bacteria could not survive in stomach acid. The cause of stomach ulcers was due to lifestyle choices: stress, smoking, spicy foods; the stomach acid was breaking through the lining on its own.
This belief was first questioned in 1979 by Robin Warren, an Australian pathologist, who found bacteria on a microscope slide containing the stomach lining of a patient with gastritis. In the years that followed Warren continued his research.
Warren then teamed up with Barry Marshall in 1981 and the two continued with the research, trying to separate the mystery bacteria and find a cure. Over the next three years, they tested their theories with some positive results, however the idea that bacteria could be the cause of gastritis was not widely accepted or even acknowledged.
Finally, fed up with being ignored and confident in his findings, Barry Marshall decided to test on himself. He infected himself with H. pylori and soon developed gastritis and terrible stomach ulcers. Marshall then began to cure himself by taking a dose of antibiotics (抗生素）. This once and for all proved not only that bacteria could grow in stomach acid, but it could also cause gastritis and stomach ulcers.
Eventually, the world fully acknowledged Warren and Marshall's huge contribution to science and medicine and the two were awarded the Nobel prize in Medicine in 2005. Twenty-six years after Robin Warren first began his research.
1.Why did the academics initially refuse to accept that H. pylori caused gastritis?
A.Lifestyle choices caused stomach ulcers.
B.Stomach acid could break through the lining on its own.
C.They thought that bacteria couldn't survive in the stomach.
D.The Australian pathologist Robin Warren provided no evidence.
2.How did Barry Marshall prove that H. pylori caused gastritis?
A.Choosing unhealthy lifestyles. B.Introducing H. pylori to his own stomach.
C.Finding the bacteria on stomach lining. D.Growing H. pylori in the lab.
3.What can we infer from the text?
A.Scientific progress takes time. B.Science guides medical practices.
C.Warren is not a productive scientist. D.Only Marshall deserves the prize.
4.The text is most likely written to .
A.Chemists B.Patients C.Researchers D.The general public
You feel especially smart and funny when talking to a particular person, only to feel hopelessly unintelligent and tongue-tied in the presence of another.
Experiments show when people report feeling comfortable with a conversational partner, they are judged by those partners and by observers as actually being more witty (机智的）。
It's just one example of the powerful influence that social factors can have on intelligence. As parents, teachers and students settle into the school year, this work should encourage us to think about intelligence not as a “lump of something that's in our heads,” as the psychologist Joshua Aronson puts it, but as “a transaction among people.”
Mr. Aronson, an associate professor at New York University, has been a leader in investigating the effects of social forces on academic achievement. Along with the psychologist Claude Steele, he identified the phenomenon known as “stereotype (刻板印象） threat.” Members of groups believed not to be academically good score much lower on tests when reminded in advance of their race or gender.
The pair's experiments in the 1990s concluded that the performance of these students suffered because they were worried about confirming negative stereotypes about their group.
Minorities aren't the only ones easily hurt by stereotype threat. We all are. A group of people especially confident about their mathematical abilities did worse on a math test when told that the experiment was intended to investigate “why Asians appear to perform better than other students on tests of math ability.”
And in a study published earlier this year in the journal Learning and Individual Differences, high school students did worse on a test of spatial (空间的） skills when told that males are better at solving spatial problems because of genetic differences between males and females. The girls were anxious about confirming assumptions about their gender, while the boys were anxious about living up to them.
The evolving literature on stereotype threat shows that performance is always social in nature. Even alone in an exam room, we hear a chorus of voices assessing, evaluating, passing judgment. And as social creatures, humans are strongly affected by what these voices say.
1.What does the underlined word “transaction” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Spatial reasoning skills. B.The ability to remember information.
C.Interaction between us and the environment. D.Passing on knowledge from teachers to students.
2.After being told males typically perform better than females in math, males are most likely to perform .
A.better than females B.the same as females
C.worse than usual D.worse than females
3.Which of the following “voices” in our head may influence performance on an exam?
A.“I am as prepared as I can be.”
B.“I am supposed to do well on this.”
C.“The testing room is different from my classroom.”
D.“I am solving the problems faster than the one sitting in front of me.”
4.How do stereotypes threaten our academic achievement?
A.Making us unintelligent. B.Reminding us of our weaknesses.
C.Limiting our spatial reasoning skills. D.Raising our anxiety level.
He really did look like a tourist, with a camera around his neck and a bottle of sunscreen sticking out of his tote bag.
The portly man sat on the terrace, sipping lemonade and pretending to look at a glossy cruise brochure. His sunglasses masked his eyes, but I knew he wasn't looking at the brochure: he hadn't turned a page for the last ten minutes.
As I brought him his clam chowder (蛤肉菜汤）, he coughed up a “thank you” and looked at me briefly. I tried not to stare at the tiny scar across his left eyebrow.
I walked back inside with my empty tray, shaking my head. He looked familiar, but I couldn't quite place him.Then it hit me. The car accident. The mysterious (神秘的） stranger who helped me out of my smashed car, just before it exploded. I rushed back to his table. He was gone.
I moved his saucer and found his tip, along with a card: I am deeply indebted to you. The night of your car accident, I was on my way to rob a jewelry store. Saving your life brought things back in perspective (观点） . I now live an honest life, thanks to you. God bless you! Mr. D.
I trembled. The night of my car accident, I was heading for an interview in a shady dance club. Seeing human kindness through his heroic gesture turned my life around and brought faith back into my life.
I unfolded the tip he left. Among the singles was a grand with a pen mark underlining “In God We Trust.” I said a silent prayer for him and got back to work, smiling.
1.Why did the man come to this restaurant?
A.To get travel tips from the brochures. B.To have delicious clam chowder.
C.To spy on the waitress. D.To say thanks.
2.What can best describe the man?
A.Brave. B.Honest. C.Generous. D.Transformed.
3.What does the waitress probably want the man to know the most?
A.He is grateful to her. B.He changed her perspective on life.
C.She could have died in a car accident. D.She remembers who he is.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.A Happy Accident B.Two Sorrowful People
C.A Mysterious Stranger D.Never Too Late to Say “Thank You”
