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阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Leather is a hugely popular material for a range of products, but this 1. (popular) comes at a price. The global leather industry kills over a billion animals every year. This 2. (cause) many to ask the question: is it possible to meet the global demand of leather without 3. (do) any harm to animals? A process called biofabrication(生物制作) may be the answer.

Biofabrication is not new; it is already commonly used in medicine. Scientists have applied the technique to grow body parts like ear, skin, and bones for transplants(移植). But it can also 4. (use) to make other products, such as leather. Scientists will be able to make biofabricated leather with whatever qualities they want, such as extra softness, greater strength, or even different colors and patterns.

But how 5. (exact) does biofabrication work? 6. (grow) leather, scientists begin by taking some cells from an animal, not hurting 7. animal in any way. They then set the cells apart and grow them in a lab. This process takes millions of cells and expands them into billions. Next, the scientists take the cells and spread them out to form thin sheets, 8. are then put together to combine into a little 9. (thick) sheets. Anyone can then dye and finish the leather and design it in any way they like.

Andras Forgacs supports biofabrication. He says it may even be a “natural evolution of manufacturing for mankind.” We will be able to make the products we need in an efficient,  responsible, 10. creative way.

    We’ve all been there before: You’re driving down the road when suddenly a pothole(凹坑) seems to appear out of nowhere and sends the ______ jumping. Most people think potholes are_____, but artist Jim Bachor sees them as a canvas(画布) for his artwork.

Bachor uses the ______ art form of mosaic(马赛克) to create eye-catching, colorful images of famous artists like Aretha Franklin or simple everyday ______ like food. He even makes less-appealing visuals of insects.

Bachor was a graphic designer for 20 years before he began his ____ in mosaic. He regards an incidental trip to Europe as his motivation to change careers. While ______ in Italy, Bachor fell in love with Pompeii, the preserved ancient Roman city. A tour guide pointed out a mosaic, made of mainly glass and marble, and told Bachor, “Glass and marble don’t ______. So, this looks essentially the way the artist intended.” Bachor says, “That kind of staying power just ______ me so much.”

A year later Bachor returned to attend a mosaic class in Ravenna, Italy, to learn the proper way to ______ the ancient technique. Years after that, he mastered the technique. He ______ that mosaics can be just as significant today as the art form over 1,000 years ago. “I just saw that there was a(n) ______ to bring it into the new age as a contemporary subject,” he says.

So, Bachor decided to make a special piece of ______ for that pothole. He has ____ mosaic pothole art around Chicago, Detroit, New York City and even in Finland.

While he may not be getting ______ from drivers or passengers, Bachor’s art is ______ a pleasant surprise to discover.

1.A.body B.rock C.car D.sand

2.A.challenging B.interesting C.discouraging D.annoying

3.A.modern B.ancient C.elegant D.mysterious

4.A.objects B.ideas C.routines D.projects

5.A.duty B.career C.belief D.instruction

6.A.traveling B.living C.working D.studying

7.A.last B.connect C.fade D.resolve

8.A.reminded B.confused C.troubled D.impressed

9.A.introduce B.perform C.promote D.describe

10.A.argued B.imagined C.remembered D.realized

11.A.link B.time C.opportunity D.voice

12.A.artwork B.machinery-work C.code D.literature

13.A.discovered B.created C.improved D.taught

14.A.help B.invitation C.money D.praise

15.A.nearly B.merely C.certainly D.personally

No-friend eating trend

When you eat lunch in a restaurant, you might see many people eating by themselves, watching videos on their phones. 1. Do you worry they’re lonely?

You probably didn’t even notice because you were looking at your own phone. The New York Post says that eating alone with electronic devices is a growing trend among young people around the world.

According to a new survey conducted by OnePoll on behalf of the US-based Highbush Blueberry Council, the average adult eats six meals alone each week and 387 meals each year.

2. Maybe not.

“The way we define ‘togetherness’ and what it means to be connected seems to be evolving as technology evolves. Keeping our relationships strong doesn’t always require being together physically,” wrote the report.

Nowadays, many young people spend more time studying and working in competitive environments. 3. Instead, it’s natural to communicate with others through text, email and social media.

Daniela Galarza, from the US, is one of these young people. She told the New York Post that she spent nearly 10 hours on her work every day. She said, “Engaging with my friends and families on social media platforms for about half an hour every day always helps me feel more connected with them. 4.”

“Today, ‘togetherness’ is more of a feeling than a physical state, and people get creative to stay connected,” a spokesperson for The Highbush Blueberry Council told the New York Post. “5.”

A.I’m not lonely any more.

B.Do you feel pity for them?

C.Being together all the time is great.

D.Does it mean there are a lot of lonely people?

E.They enjoy eating alone with electronic devices.

F.They have less time to gather and eat with their friends or families.

G.The joy of being together – however you manage it – never changes.

    Recently, researchers at the University of Toronto figured out a way with a quick video selfie to accurately measure blood pressure with your smartphone’s camera by developing a technology known as transdermal optical imaging (TOI)(透皮光学成像).

Cameras on smartphones can catch red light reflected from hemoglobin (血红素）under our skin, which permits TOI to visualize and measure blood flow changes. Researchers measured the blood pressure of 1,328 Canadian and Chinese adults by getting two-minute videos of their faces on an iPhone. “From the video got by the technology, you can see how the blood flows in different parts of the face and through this flow, you can get a lot of information,” said Kang Lee, lead author of the study.

Lee also helped create an app called Anura, which allows people to try out the TOI software for themselves, giving them the ability to record a 30-second video of their face and receive measurements for stress levels and resting heart rate. Lee said more research was needed to make sure that the measurements were as accurate as possible, explaining that the study didn’t test people with very dark or very fair skin.

“In order to improve our app to make it usable, particularly for people with hypertension (高血压)，we need to collect a lot of data from them, which is very hard because a lot of them are already taking medicine,” Lee explained. “We cannot tell them not to take medicine, but from time to time, we get participants who don’t take medicine so we can get hypertensive people this way.”

The scientists said there were many potential applications of the technology, including providing health services for those who lived in remote areas.

1.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2？

A.Information offered by TOI. B.New findings on hypertension.

C.How TOI is put into smart phones. D.How the TOI technology works.

2.What might people benefit from the new technology mentioned above?

A.Living a life free from stress. B.Improving the heart function gradually.

C.Accessing health services for free. D.Knowing abnormal blood pressure earlier.

3.What can be done for a better Anura?

A.Equipping phones with better cameras.

B.Allowing phones to record longer videos.

C.Collecting data from more diverse samples.

D.Persuading participants not to take medicine.

4.Why does the author write this text?

A.To predict future applications of TOI.

B.To introduce TOI and an app related.

C.To describe functions of cameras on phones.

D.To evaluate the quality of an app called Anura.

    America’s first transcontinental railroad, completed 150 years ago today at Promontory Summit in Utah, connected the vast United States and brought America into the modern age. Chinese immigrants contributed greatly to this notable achievement, but the historical accounts that followed often ignored their role.

Between 1863 and 1869, as many as 20,000 Chinese workers helped build the dangerous western part of the railroad, a winding ribbon of track known as the Central Pacific. At first, the Central Pacific Railroad’s directors wanted a whites-only workforce. When not enough white men signed up, the railroad began hiring Chinese men for the backbreaking labor. Company leaders were skeptical of the new recruits’ ability to do the work, but they proved themselves not only capable but even superior to the other workers.

Chinese workers cut through dense forests, filled deep narrow steep-sided valley, constructed long trestles(高架桥) and built enormous retaining walls(防护墙) -- some of which remain complete and undamaged today. All work was done by hand using carts, shovels and picks but no machinery. However, progress came at great cost: an estimated 1,200 Chinese laborers died along the Central Pacific route.

Despite these facts, Chinese workers were often left out of the official story because of their identity of foreigners. On the transcontinental railroad's 100th birthday, the Chinese workers were still not honored. It was another fifty years later that their role was gradually highlighted. To celebrate the railroad’s 150th anniversary in 2019, the California assembly passed a resolution in 2017 to recognize and honor the Chinese railroad workers by designating May 10, 2017, and every May 10 thereafter, as California Chinese Railroad Workers Memorial Day.

1.What might be the best title for the text?

A.The Birth of the Central Pacific Cost Dearly

B.May 10--A Special Day for Chinese Immigrants

C.Chinese Workers’ Contributions Gained Recognition

D.The 150th anniversary of the Central Pacific Railroad

2.What does “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A.Chinese laborers. B.White workers.

C.Company leaders. D.Railroad directors.

3.Why does the author make such detailed descriptions in Paragraph 3?

A.To prove Chinese workers’ superior skills.

B.To stress the danger and difficulty of the work.

C.To describe the grand scenery along the railroad.

D.To show notable achievements made by Chinese workers.

4.What does the text intend to tell us?

A.None so blind as those who won’t see. B.No pains, no gains.

C.Truth will come to light sooner or later. D.Doing is better than saying.