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The voice of an ancient Egyptian priest ...

    The voice of an ancient Egyptian priest has been heard for the first time in more than 3,000 years, thanks to a detailed reconstruction of his vocal tract (声带) from his mummified remains.

A team of scientists in England used medical scans of the famous mummy of Nesyamun to create a digital, 3D model of the insides of the individual’s throat and mouth, which were reproduced on a 3D printer. Then the researchers created an artificial larynx (喉头) with a loudspeaker using an electronic waveform. The sound was then played through the speaker into the 3D printed vocal tract to produce a short bust of Nesyamun’s voice — a sound not heard since the 11th century B.C.

Previous efforts to reproduce ancient voices could only approximate them, by animating facial reconstructions with software. In comparison, the sound of Nesyamun’s voice is based on “an extant (现存的) vocal tract preserved over 3,000 years,” the researchers wrote.

Nesyamun lived around 1100 B.C. He is thought to have died in his late 50s from a severe allergic reaction. Almost 3,000 years later, his mummy was discovered at Karnak and transported to the Leeds City Museum in 1823. His remains and ornate coffin (棺材) have since become some of the world’s best researched relics of ancient Egypt.

“Nesyamun’s mummy was a good choice for studying the sound of an ancient voice,” said David Howard, the lead author of the new research, “It was particularly suited, given its age and preservation of its soft tissues, which is unusual.”

He said he hopes the scientific understanding of how human voices are created can be combined with knowledge of the ancient Egyptian language to reconstruct longer passages of Nesyamun’s speech.

Before examining the mummy, the researchers had to deal with ethical (道德的) concerns related to examining a person without their consent. They used nondestructive research methods, and took into account words on his coffin, relating that Nesyamun hoped again to address the gods as he had in his working life.

The researchers interpreted that to indicate his desire to speak again after death. “We are in a way fulfilling his declared wishes,” Howard said.

Howard and Schofield said they hope a reconstruction of Nesyamun’s speech, perhaps reciting an ancient Egyptian prayer, can be featured at the Karnak temple in Egypt for modem tourists.

“When visitors encounter the past, it is usually a visual encounter,” said Schofield. “With this voice, we can change that.”

1.The voice of Nesyamun was recreated by _____.

A.repairing his vocal tract

B.bringing Nesyamun back to life

C.using some advanced technologies

D.combining it with facial movements

2.Why was Nesyamun’s mummy suitable for research?

A.He often gave long speeches.

B.His vocal tract is well preserved.

C.A severe disease resulted in his death.

D.His remains are displayed in the museum.

3.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 8 refer to?

A.The researchers took into account words on his coffin.

B.Nesyamun’s mummy was examined without his consent.

C.The researchers hope to reconstruct longer passages of his speech.

D.Nesyamun hoped to address the gods as he had in his working life.

4.What would be the best title for the passage?

A.A 3000-year-old mummy speaks again

B.The voice of a mummy excites visitors

C.A 3D-printed vocal tract has been created

D.The dream of Nesyamun has been achieved

 

1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一名古埃及牧师Nesyamun的声音在3000多年来首次被听到,这要归功于从他的木乃伊中提取的声道的详细重建。文章说明了对Nesyamun的声音进行重建的过程以及相关人员对这一研究的说明和看法。 1.细节理解题。根据第二段A team of scientists in England used medical scans of the famous mummy of Nesyamun to create a digital, 3D model of the insides of the individual’s throat and mouth, which were reproduced on a 3D printer. Then the researchers created an artificial larynx with a loudspeaker using an electronic waveform. The sound was then played through the speaker into the 3D printed vocal tract to produce a short bust of Nesyamun’s voice-a sound not heard since the 11th century B.C.可知,英国的一组科学家利用对著名的Nesyamun木乃伊的医学扫描,创建了一个数码的、3D的人体咽喉和口腔内部模型,并在3D打印机上复制出来。然后,研究人员用一个电子波形的扬声器制造了一个人造喉头。然后,声音通过扬声器被播放到3D打印的声道中,从而产生了一段简短的Nesyamun的声音——这是自公元前11世纪以来从未听到过的声音。由此可知,Nesyamun的声音是用一些先进的技术重新创造的。故选C。 2.细节理解题。根据第五段中It was particularly suited, given its age and preservation of its soft tissues, which is unusual.可知,考虑到它的年龄和软组织的保存,它特别适合,这是不寻常的。由此可知,Nesyamun的木乃伊适合研究,因为他的声道保存得很好。故选B。 3.词义猜测题。根据第七段最后一句They used nondestructive research methods, and took into account words on his coffin, relating that Nesyamun hoped again to address the gods as he had in his working life.可知,他们采用了非破坏性的研究方法,并考虑了他棺材上的文字,认为Nesyamun希望再次像他在工作中那样向众神祈祷。再根据第八段划线词所在句The researchers interpreted that to indicate his desire to speak again after death.(研究人员把那理解为他想在死后再说话)可知,划线词that指的是上文棺材上的文字,即“Nesyamun希望像他在工作中那样向众神祈祷”。故选D。 4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段The voice of an ancient Egyptian priest has been heard for the first time in more than 3,000 years, thanks to a detailed reconstruction of his vocal tract from his mummified remains.可知,一名古埃及牧师的声音在3000多年来首次被听到,这要归功于从他的木乃伊中提取的声道的详细重建。下文详细介绍对这个木乃伊的声道的重建过程,及相关人员对这一研究的说明和看法。由此可知,A选项“一个3000岁的木乃伊又说话了”符合文章标题。故选A。
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Comedy and Psychology

Earlier this year I did a part-time comedy course. The class was taught by Ryan, a professional comedian.I had performed a show, which wasn’t originally meant to be a comedy. However, the audience laughed at my first joke, then continued to laugh throughout the routines that were meant to be serious. So it was the audience who told me I was funny, but I didn’ t understand why or how to control the comic (滑稽的) moments. So, I joined the course to learn.

“Turn off your editor that makes you say the right thing and remember how to be a child,” explained Ryan. “Don’t try to be clever. Don’t try too hard to be funny…and knowing all about the theory of humor is unlikely to help you much. Just behave in a silly way. That’s what people want to see on stage.”Ryan would help us loosen up by saying things like, “Wander around talking to others, but make sure that you’re the lowest status person here.”

I’ d say that understanding the psychology of humor has actually helped. Recently I came across the book Inside Jokes: Using Humor to Reverse-Engineer the Mind. Its main idea is that any self-directed intelligent system will need to correct its own fault. There’s a risk that the occasional error will be made. If this was boring or burdensome, we’d be less willing to do it. However, evolution has made the process fun.

Here’s a joke in the book: Two fish are in a tank. One says to the other, “Do you know how to drive this thing?” It works on the principle that we have started to imagine one thing—that the tank is the typical container people keep fish in—and, just in time, the following words tell us that our first assumption was wrong—it’s a heavy vehicle. For correctly figuring out the error, we are rewarded with a pleasurable feeling. The joke is an efficient way of encouraging this natural reaction, and comedians have become experts in slightly touching this mental funny-bone in order to make us laugh.

Ryan was right when he said that knowing the theory of humor wouldn’t help us that much as a comedy.During one exercise in the course, four of us were told to perform an opera. Susan and Caroline sang earnestly on either side of the stage, and I brought Henry to the floor, where we wrestled (摔跤) each other like out-of-control teenagers. The rest of the group was in uncontrollable fits of laughter. As a performer, I’ ll never appreciate just why it seemed so funny. But the point is that I would never have written this on the paper. It was a joyous, found moment.

1.Why did the author attend the comedy course?

A.He wanted to see how the theories worked in practice.

B.He discovered he had some natural ability in comedy.

C.He worried about how other performers would find him.

D.He got unpleasant experiences when performing a comedy.

2.Ryan required the people on the comedy course to______.

A.copy their favorite performance

B.imagine other people’ s reactions

C.help themselves feel comfortable

D.behave in a more playful manner

3.What is the purpose of the joke mentioned in Paragraph 4?

A.To discuss what humor brings about exactly.

B.To give an example of another kind of humor.

C.To prove the point about psychology of humor.

D.To show why some people are funnier than others.

4.What view does the author put forward in the end?

A.Visual humor is what appeals to people most.

B.What people find funny is often unpredictable.

C.Theories explaining humor tend to be mistaken.

D.Learning comic skills proves to be a difficult task.

 

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We’re heading to Tajrish Bazaar, in north Tehran (capital of Iran)to explore 10 different kinds of dried plums, and other goodies. We choose the Metro—Farah for its convenience, and Ifor a chance to go underground in Tehran, because it provides a picture of the city most tourists never see.

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A handful of fashionable girls admire their own reflections in the window. They wear tight leggings under their brightly coloured robes, pushing back headscarves and boundaries. We find seats next to a group of conservative women dressed in black cloaks called chador. They’re nothing like the other women I have met, a sisterhood of outspoken opinions, most of them liberal. “We are a nation with one language,” Farah says, “divided in two—-traditional and modern. ” Farah tells me it all began, not with imports from the West, but with the 1979 revolution. A combination of access, education and a bad economy created a society where women now have independence, careers and husbands happy to help around the house with chores and children*

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C.Because she can see more beautiful women on the subway.

D.Because it offers her an opportunity to see a different city from what most tourists see

3.What does the underlined word segregation in the 3rd paragraph probably mean?

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4.What can we learn from the passage?

A.Women in Iran must wear manteau in public.

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C.Iran is divided in two parts by the western forces.

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The Louvre in ParisFrance

Probably the most famous Louvre also holds the most famous painting in the worldthe “Mona Lisa” by Leonardo da Vinci.Crowds can be found any day surrounding the smallbut mysterious painting of the smiling woman.Butthe Louvre is much more than a home to the “Mona Lisa”The Louvre is visited by more people each year than any other museum in the world.

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A.The Louvre.

B.The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.

C.The Barnes Foundation.

D.The Uffizi Gallery.

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A.Its structure. B.Its collection.

C.Its location. D.Its history.

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2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

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