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The Intelligent Plant. That is the title...

    The Intelligent Plant. That is the title of a recent article in The New Yorker, and new research is showing that plants have surprising abilities to sense and react to the world.

But can a plant be intelligent? Some plant scientists insist they are since they can sense, learn, remember and even react in ways that would be familiar to humans.

Michael Pollan, author of “The Botany of Desire,” says for the longest time, people who have long talked to their plants or played music for them were being considered “mad.”

The new research, he says, is in a field called plant neurobiology(神经生物学), which is not a proper name, because even scientists in the field don’t argue that plants have neurons(神经) or brains.

“They have analogous structures as humans,” Pollan explains. “Plants have all the same senses as humans. They have ways of taking all the sensory data they gather in their everyday lives, integrate it and then behave in an appropriate way in response.” In addition to hearing, taste, for example, they can sense gravity, the presence of water, or even feel that an obstacle(障碍物) is in the way of its roots, before coming into contact with it. Plant roots will change direction, he says, to avoid obstacles.

So what about pain? Do plants feel? Pollan says they do respond to anesthetics (麻醉剂). “You can put a plant out with a human anesthetic. And not only that, plants produce their own compounds that are anesthetic to us.” But scientists are unwilling to go as far as to say they are responding to pain.

How plants sense and react is still somewhat unknown. They don’t have nerve cells like humans, but they do have a system for sending electrical signals and even produce neurotransmitters (神经递质) and other chemicals the human brain uses to send signals.

1.Why does the author mention the article The Intelligent Plant in the first paragraph?

A.To support his opinion. B.To introduce the topic.

C.To give an example. D.To make comparison.

2.People who usually talked to their plants would be thought           .

A.Intelligent. B.Crazy. C.Patient. D.Comforting.

3.What does the underlined word “analogous” in paragraph 5 mean?

A.Simple. B.False. C.Flexible. D.Similar.

4.What can we learn about plants according to the last two paragraphs?

A.Plants can feel and react to pain. B.Plants send two kinds of signals.

C.Plants are able to sense and react. D.Plants have their own brains.

 

1.B 2.B 3.D 4.C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究结果:植物有感知和作出反应的能力。 1. 推理判断题。文章第一句提到“杂志《The New Yorker》最近的一篇文章名为‘智能植物’”,接下来提到本文主题:植物有着令人惊奇的对世界感知和反应能力,所以文章提到“智能植物”的文章是为了介绍本文的话题。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中people who have long talked to their plants or played music for them were being considered “mad.”可知,与植物长时间说话或者为植物播放音乐的人被认为是“疯狂的”,故选B项。 3. 词义猜测题。划线词所在句的主语They指代“植物”,根据第五段第二句“Plants have all the same senses as humans.(植物有和人类一样的感觉)”可知,划线句“They have analogous structures as humans”意为“植物有和人类相似的结构”,所以划线词“analogous”意为“相似的”,故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Pollan says they do respond to anesthetics (麻醉剂). (Pollan 说它们的确对麻醉剂有反应)”及最后一段中“but they do have a system for sending electrical signals and even produce neurotransmitters (神经递质) and other chemicals the human brain uses to send signals.(但是它们确实有发送电信号的一个系统,甚至产生神经递质和其他人类大脑用来发送信号的物质)”可知,植物能够感知并作出反应。故选C项。
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    I am the proud owner of three pet dogs. Over the years, I have watched their behaviours carefully that help me when I travel around the world.

One important lesson that my dog, Cody, taught me is how to deal with little problems in life. From his calm behavior when someone knocked unexpectedly at the door to the indifferent way he has dealt with his recent serious illness, he has always had the same easy-going attitude. This attitude is an important lesson to me in how I can face difficult situations when travelling, I've learned to try to handle bad situations calmly, such as when we miss a train, lose luggage, and so on.

Another dog of mine, Preston, loves to walk around the yard, spending hours smelling every place and finding out what it means to him. Taking it slowly is another lesson that’s been very hard for me to learn. As an active traveller, I am actually experiencing less by speeding through everything, rather than slowly getting to know a place. Even if it means that you won’t see as many things, going slowly when you travel is the only way to really get to know a new place. Rushing around a foreign city isn’t fun at all.

My dog, Moya, came from a truly bad situation. I am not sure what happened to her before; I just know it wasn’t good. Although she has become more relaxed over the years, she is still slightly on edge. She is very cautious when faced with any new situation. But once she’s accustomed to her new surroundings, she is fine. She doesn’t let fear influence her experience. The same can be applied to our travel experience. No matter where we go, we need to manage new situations with caution——while at the same time not letting that caution turn into fear.

Many thanks to my pets. Truly speaking, pets are as basic to American culture as hot dogs or apple pies. To Americans, pets are not just property, but a part of the family. After all, pets are people, too, with the help of whom I am able to gain a lot and live differently.

1.One of the three dogs, Cody,       .

A.once suffered from a serious illness B.is excited when under pressure

C.enjoys walking around the yard D.is unable to deal with new situations

2.From Preston, the author learned that one should    .

A.pay attention to the details in life B.see as many things as possible when travelling

C.stay indifferent to strangers D.travel around slowly and have fun

3.The underlined phrase “on edge” in the fourth paragraph probably means _____.

A.hungry B.nervous C.calm D.happy

4.Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

A. B. C. D.

 

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Museum of International Cultures

A Center for Global Awareness and Understanding

International Film Series

The International Film Series is a year-long celebration of various cultures.

The series is held on the 4th Saturday of a month, alternating with the Cultural Dinner & Lecture Series every other month.

Both the film series and cultural dinner and lecture series begin at 7:00 p.m.

The International Film Series is hosted by Anne & Tim Perry.

Cost is Free.

CEF Workshop

The Chemical Education Foundation (CEF) is a professional development workshop designed to provide educators with methods for teaching chemistry concepts through hands-on learning and real-world connections.

To register for the free workshop, please send email to penny@acm.org with the following information: your name, your email address and telephone number, your school or group and its address, the grade levels you teach.

This free workshop for educators will be held on Saturday January 20, 2020. Sign-in starts at 9:30 a.m. and the workshop will run from 10:00 a.m. to noon.

Recharge Conference

This is a rolling one-day conference featuring community experts sharing information on health, finances, education, cooking, exercise tips, self-development, manhood, marriage and job searches.

Speakers include:

Clarence Davis, Opening Message on Connection;

Tonya Brown, “Trickeration 101,” with a message of strength and hope;

Darren Murphy, “Bug Straight Talk,” on overcoming addiction and restart new life;

Quinecka Ragsdale, “Demarcus Jones and The Solar Calendar,” on time travel and African/African American history;

Pastor Barry Jerking, “On The Road to Glory,” finding your life’s purpose as a man in society;

Oscar Ellis, on financing your business.

Cost is $10 in advance; $15 at the door, plus applicable fees.

1.How many times will the International Film Series be held in a year?

A.Twice. B.3 times. C.6 times. D.12 times.

2.Who is the CEF workshop designed for?

A.Young students. B.Chemistry teachers.

C.Chemical scientists. D.Industry workers.

3.If Tom is interested in science fiction, whose lecture will he attend?

A.Tonya Brown’s. B.Darren Murphy’s.

C.Quinecka Ragsdale’s. D.Pastor Barry Jerking’s.

 

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    The first week of my summer campaign has been quite an experience! I'm learning the ups and downs of guiding this new journey, and I'm soon finding my footing in the wonderful world of support raising.

Some may ask: Why do you choose a job where support raising is necessary? Why not just find a ministry that will support you without having to do any extra work?

I had a wonderful support meeting this week where I was able to have some very good conversations with the lady I was sharing with.It blessed my soul to see her eyes light up with the same passion(热情)I felt in my heart about the ministry I was sharing with her.I kept thinking in my head "I've shared my passions with her,and she gets it."At the end of our meeting she decided to become a donor,but she gave me something extra that I haven't received from anyone else.She gave me a handmade wooden cross,small enough to carry with me.

As soon as she handed it to me,I knew it was a gift sent from God,through an act of friendship.It's a symbol of a partnership that is developing through this journey, a symbol of how God can send us messages and a symbol of new friendships to come throughout the summer and my time in the middle east.Finally,it's a symbol of the example of what it looks like to build relationships with people who will join you in sharing with the world.It's something I'll treasure through the rest of my summer campaign,through my service in the middle east,and the rest of my life.

1.What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph?

A.He is a quick learner.

B.He enjoys trying new journeys.

C.He regrets joining in the summer campaign.

D.His summer campaign is delivering support.

2.What does the author's job require him to do?

A.Help others. B.Raise support.

C.Share with others. D.Work extra hours.

3.What did the lady do for the author?

A.She inspired passion in him. B.She found a ministry for him.

C.She helped him clarify his doubt. D.She gave him more than expected.

4.What does the author say about the cross?

A.It isn't portable due to its size. B.It symbolizes many things to him.

C.It is donated by one of his old friends. D.It has far-reaching influence on the giver.

 

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    At the age of 14, James Harrison had a major chest operation and he required 13 units (3.4 gallons) of blood afterwards. The blood donations saved his life, and he decided that once he turned 18, he would begin donating blood as regularly as he could.

More than 60 years and almost 1,200 donations later, Harrison, whose blood contains an antibody (抗体) that has saved the lives of 2.4 million babies from miscarriages (流产), retired as a blood donor on May 11. Harrison’s blood is valuable because he naturally produces Rh-negative blood, which contains Rh-positive antibodies. His blood has been used to create anti-D in Australia since 1967.

“Every bottle of Anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Robyn Barlow, the Rh program director told the Sydney Morning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millions of babies. I cry just thinking about it.” Since then, Harrison has donated between 500 and 800 milliliters of blood almost every week. He’s made 1,162 donations from his right arm and 10 from his left.

“I’d keep going if they let me,” Harrison told the Herald. His doctors said it was time to stop the donations — and they certainly don’t take them lightly. They had already extended the age limit for blood donations for him, and they’re cutting him off now to protect his health. He made his final donation surrounded by some of the mothers and babies who his blood helped save.

Harrison’s retirement is a blow to the Rh treatment program in Australia. Only 160 donors support the program, and finding new donors has proven to be difficult. But Harrison’s retirement from giving blood doesn’t mean he’s completely out of the game. Scientists are collecting and cataloging his DNA to create a library of antibodies and white blood cells that could be the future of the anti-D program in Australia.

1.What do we know about James Harrison?

A.He saved 2.4 million poor people.

B.He is to retire as a blood donor.

C.He is a very grateful blood donor.

D.He donates blood nearly every day.

2.What is the author’s purpose of writing Paragraph 4?

A.To state Harrison’s decision to continue donating blood.

B.To describe how Harrison’s donations come to an end.

C.To introduce some babies saved by Harrison’s blood.

D.To praise Harrison for his cooperation with the doctors.

3.What can we infer from the passage about Harrison?

A.After his retirement, the Rh program will fail.

B.New donors are easy to find in a short time.

C.He continues to contribute to the Rh program.

D.His DNA is kept in a library for future study.

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A.A Unique Man with a Rare Blood Type

B.The Blood Saving Millions of Babies

C.A Special Blood Type Donor to Retire

D.The Man with the Golden Arm

 

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    During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.

Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.

Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”

In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status                        has just the opposite effect on us.”

Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play datesharing, kindness, opennesscarry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.

In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.

1.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?

A.Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool.

2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A.The classification of the popular.

B.The characteristics of adolescents.

C.The importance of interpersonal skills.

D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.

3.What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?

A.They appeared to be aggressive.

B.They tended to be more adaptable.

C.They enjoyed the highest status.

D.They performed well academically.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last

B.The Higher the Status, the Better

C.Be the Best—You Can Make It

D.More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness

 

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