We are surrounded by people trying to make the world a better place. Peace activists bring enemies together so they can get to know one another and feel each other’s pain. School leaders try to attract a diverse set of students so each can understand what it’s like to walk in the others’ shoes.
It is true that people who are empathetic (共情的) are more sensitive to the perspectives and sufferings of others. They are more likely to make sympathetic moral judgments. The problem comes when we try to turn feeling into action. Empathy makes you more aware of other people’s sufferings, but it’s not clear whether it actually motivates you to take moral action or prevents you from taking immoral action. For example, in the early days of the Holocaust, Nazi prison guards sometimes wept as they killed Jewish women and children, but they still did it.
Empathy directs you toward moral action, but it doesn’t seem to help much when that action comes at a personal cost. You may feel painful for the homeless guy on the other side of the street, but the chances are that you are not going to cross the street to give him a dollar. Studies investigating the link between empathy and moral action suggest that empathy is not a major player when it comes to moral motivation. Its contribution is slight in children, modest in adults, and nonexistent when costs are significant.
Nobody is against empathy. However, it’s not enough. These days empathy has become a shortcut. It has become a way to experience delicious moral emotions without confronting the weaknesses in our nature that prevent us from actually acting upon them. It has become a way to experience the illusion (幻觉) of moral progress without having to do the nasty work of making moral judgments. Teaching empathy is a safe way for schools and other institutions to seem blameless without risking dispute or hurting anybody’s feelings.
People who actually perform pro-social action don’t only feel for those who are suffering, they feel it necessary to act by a sense of duty. Empathy is less important. If you want to make the world a better place, help people debate, understand, reform, revere and enact their moral principles. Accept that principles conflict.
1.Why does the author mention the Holocaust in paragraph 2?
A.To show that empathy is limited in preventing people from wrongdoings.
B.To prove that empathic people are more likely to make compassionate moral judgments.
C.To explain that empathy is helpful for moral teaching.
D.To criticize the immoral actions of Nazis.
2.What will empathetic people probably do when they see the homeless?
A.Reach out to them. B.Ignore them.
C.Feel sorry for them. D.Raise money for them.
3.According to paragraph 4, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A.People are enthusiastic about empathy.
B.Teaching empathy is a quicker way to achieve moral education.
C.Empathy alone is not sufficient.
D.People are unwilling to take actual actions.
4.According to the author, what’s the best way to make the world a better place?
A.Try to understand what it’s like to walk in the others’ shoes.
B.Be more sensitive to the perspectives and sufferings of others.
C.Stop teaching empathy since it is only a sideshow in moral education.
D.Take on the duty to act and make real moral progress.
I’ve been teaching college for many years, long enough to note the gradual relaxation of attention in matters of student dress. And I’ve long been used to the worn jeans, flip-flops and shorts. Still, I took note recently when one of my students showed up in pajama bottoms. I couldn’t help asking, “Did you just roll out of bed?” “Five minutes ago.” he responded.
I’m familiar with the school of thought that says that how students dress is not important, so long as they’re learning. This is much the same when they say “Grammar and spelling don’t matter, so long as they’re expressing themselves.” Perhaps. But I also wonder about the wisdom of blurring(模糊)the line between bed and desk. I should think that a careful consideration of clothes before entering a formal environment is a sort of visible reminder to oneself (and one’s teachers) that impressions are important and that we have come together to get down to business.
I suppose that I come from a time when there were “school clothes” and “play clothes,” and never did the two sorts meet. I grew up in a working-class family, to whom “looking sharp” was important. Personal appearance might have made the difference between getting and losing a job. So yes, I’m all for freedom of choice in matters of dress, and yes, I do want my students to be comfortable. But I also want to pay my respects to those students who believe that appearances matter.
I think of this lady I had in class a few years back. She was someone to whom science was never easy: She worked hard for respectable grades on every task. But I was impressed by how tastefully she dressed, day after day. When the course ended, I mentioned this to her. “You always looked so nice,” I remarked，“as if you were ready to take on the world.”
1.Which of the following statements is Not True?
A.“Looking sharp” is helpful in getting a job.
B.It is wise to blur the line between bed and desk.
C.Students are being more and more casually dressed.
D.The author believes we should pay some respects to our appearances.
2.What does the “school of thought” mean in paragraph 2?
A.a college that teaches thoughts B.a group of students and teachers
C.a way of thinking D.a branch of learning
3.What do we know about the lady in the last paragraph?
A.She had a talent for science.
B.The author was impressed by her casual dressing.
C.Her grades were not decent though she studied hard.
D.She was one of the students who believed that appearances matter.
Scott Ward didn't have any risk factors that he knew of for cancer so he ignored the lump on his neck until he couldn't ignore it anymore. Dr. Donald Doll, the doctor who treated Ward for his cancer, said, “We’re seeing more and more younger and healthier patients. They're not smokers or drinkers. It's HPV-related.” “Normally, you think of HPV (乳头瘤病毒), you think of women,” Doll added, “while it's a misconception that only women have to be concerned with cancers caused by this virus.”
Luckily, there's a vaccine (疫苗) that's been around for more than a decade that can protect against the HPV virus. If all boys and girls received it, no one would get HPV-related cancers. The HPV vaccine is best when given to children between 9 and 12 years old, before they are sexually active. But teenagers and young adults can still benefit from the vaccine.
Not everyone who gets the HPV virus develops cancer. But it is a risk factor. The agency says about 14 million people in the U.S. alone become infected with HPV each year. Yet, about half of all U.S. adolescents have not been fully vaccinated against HPV, which requires a series of three shots. The CDC says the side effects are generally short term and not serious. They can include dizziness, headache, fever, pain and etc.
Ward’s recovery was difficult. But he’s now cancer-free. Ward wishes the HPV vaccine existed when he was a teen. He says if he had kids, he would get them vaccinated. “HPV-related cancers are cancers no one needs to get.” Ward said.
1.Who should be worried about HPV-related cancers?
A.Only women. B.Everyone.
C.Younger people. D.Smokers and drinkers.
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.The HPV vaccine is best when given to teenagers and young adults.
B.About 50% of all adults in America have not been fully vaccinated against HPV.
C.One gets cancer if he or she gets the HPV virus.
D.HPV vaccines have some side effects including dizziness, headache, and etc.
3.Why did Ward say HPV-related cancers were cancers no one needed to get in the last paragraph?
A.It is easy to recover from HPV-related cancers.
B.HPV-related cancers are not that common.
C.HPV-related cancers can be prevented by vaccination.
D.HPV vaccine existed when he was a teen.
假定你是重庆红星中学的李华，你校英语社团将举行征文比赛，致敬援助湖北武汉奋战在抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎第一线的重庆医护人员。请你用英语写一封感谢信参赛，内容如下：
1.表达你的敬意与谢意； 2.个人感受； 3.表达决心。
注意：（1）词数不少于100；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
（3）开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：新冠肺炎Novel Coronavirus pneumonia; 流行病epidemic
Dear medical workers,
I’m Li Hua, a student in Hongxing High School._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在改词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
One day I saw a girl riding a bike along the street. All of sudden, she knocked down an old man whom was crossing the street. Instead of helping him up, the girl blames him angrily for the accident. Then he rode away even without looking back. A moment late, she found her shoes on the back of the bike missed. She raced back immediately to the spot where the accident was happened. Much to her surprised, she saw the old man waiting for her. The girl felt real ashamed when the old man handed the shoes to her. I think that we shouldn’t do as the girl did to the old man, but that everybody should be kind to each other.
My mom and dad have been married for 50 years. They have managed their marriage quite_________. Yet when I chose to get _________, I didn’t ask them for any tips or _________ on what to expect about married life. This is due to my strong-willed nature and, I was _________ that I had picked a great guy. What could go_________?
Well, something did go wrong. The two of us, my husband and I, got a _________. I thought any advice my father would have to offer me about my future relationships would be _______, until he texted me one day to ask how I was doing. I was feeling _______ that particular day. It’s hard as a headstrong, outgoing, and loud woman to find a man that can _______ my intelligence, strength, humor, and noisiness, obviously. My ex-husband ________ my writing and didn’t like my sense of humor, which was hard to ________ considering I am a writer. He didn’t like that I was __________ in public sometimes, either, even when I didn’t mean to be.
“Dad,” I texted. “I’m feeling down. I just wonder if I will ever meet someone who will ________ me as I am. Maybe there is no one. All men seem to want nice little ________ women.”
“No one is ________. Everyone comes with problems. Marriage is about accepting someone despite the person’s __________ and loving them just as he or she comes.” he responded.
Toward the end of our marriage, I was ________ in “negative thought”. I had always been thinking ________ of him. Maybe, so it was with my ex-husband. I realized what was wrong with our ________ and what I should do in my future ________. A few words from my father changed my life.
1.A.poorly B.naturally C.wisely D.badly
2.A.married B.separated C.deserted D.settled
3.A.questions B.help C.promises D.advice
4.A.hopeful B.confident C.disappointed D.confused
5.A.wrong B.wild C.deep D.easy
6.A.chance B.decision C.reward D.divorce
7.A.useful B.practical C.useless D.helpful
8.A.proud B.sad C.afraid D.nervous
9.A.appreciate B.challenge C.follow D.test
10.A.praised B.understood C.hated D.influenced
11.A.refuse B.use C.speak D.swallow
12.A.drunk B.loud C.friendly D.fashionable
13.A.accept B.forgive C.hire D.remember
14.A.young B.rich C.quiet D.pretty
15.A.responsible B.available C.sure D.perfect
16.A.efforts B.shortcomings C.differences D.changes
17.A.stuck B.lacking C.creative D.educated
18.A.highly B.seriously C.badly D.carefully
19.A.friendship B.marriage C.cooperation D.career
20.A.career B.projects C.business D.relationships
