假定你是李华。你市最近天气变化大，许多市民都因此患了感冒。请你用英语给在你市留学的美国朋友Susan写封信，提醒他采取措施，预防感冒。内容包括：
1．关注天气变化，及时加衣物；
2．适当运动，注意饮食；
3．避免与感冒患者接触。
注意：1．总词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Good morning, everyone! It was my honor to be here to share my opinion on what to learn in senior high school.
In the coming three years, the school life will be challenged. On the one hand, we should learn to study efficiently, adopting some effect methods. As the matter of fact, developing a good study habit is of great importance. It really benefits me a lot to preview lessons, get active involved in class and review what has taught. On the other hand, in senior high school, we are supposed to learn what to get along well with other. We ought to respect to teachers and be friendly to classmates.
Thank you!
It is easy to do a good deed. There are so many_________to practice loving-kindness in the day-to-day happenings that_________life, like letting a car pull out in front of someone and then_________a door, wearing a smile. There are also other things you can do: surprising someone by_________their bills or writing notes of love,_________and thanks for families, friends and strangers. It_________for a happy life and joyful heart.
Last night coming home from work, I found a young man who_________near my home in the dark in the middle of the street looking_________and exhausted. This young man suffered from a mental illness. My first_________was to call the police or go and get his father to__________that, but he came to me before I could do either. And we talked. When I asked if he was OK, he__________answered straight away that he was having an anxiety attack and had taken some__________for it. He was walking to calm down himself because of the reaction.
I could realize the__________of walking to calm down and shared the importance with him. I told him that I was__________for his walking in the streets when it was__________. He told me that he had a flashlight and would__________it on to help. After five minutes of__________, he headed home as his father pulled up.
I went home__________about our communication, and still worried about his__________while he would be walking at night afterwards. What more could I do? I wished he had some type of reflective device on to make him more visible to__________so I went online and ordered him some.
1.A.standards B.opportunities C.honors D.requests
2.A.set down B.watch over C.make up D.break off
3.A.holding B.knocking on C.cleaning D.shutting down
4.A.ignoring B.checking C.reducing D.paying
5.A.excitement B.apology C.appreciation D.regret
6.A.counts B.cares C.allows D.decreases
7.A.debated B.worked C.whispered D.wandered
8.A.inspired B.puzzled C.enjoyable D.astonished
9.A.caution B.sight C.thought D.impression
10.A.acknowledge B.accuse C.support D.handle
11.A.honestly B.amusingly C.hesitantly D.proudly
12.A.food B.rest C.medicine D.patience
13.A.waste B.value C.horror D.excuse
14.A.concerned B.eager C.ready D.vital
15.A.cold B.silent C.lonely D.dark
16.A.put B.turn C.carry D.move
17.A.conversation B.argument C.prayer D.pleasure
18.A.worrying B.complaining C.caring D.thinking
19.A.occasions B.security C.orbits D.insurance
20.A.parents B.workers C.drivers D.pedestrians
Make a difference
I love to make a difference to others.1.Do you want to contribute to other people's lives, helping them in small and big ways? If the answer is yes, but you are frustrated not being able to follow through, keep reading.
2.It includes service, time, ideas and methods, leaving your mark on people so that if they were interviewed, they would say, yes, that person made a positive difference in my life!
3.In fact, other than the challenge of finding the time to do this, I can't think of a single disadvantage to this inspiration.
Being inspired to make a difference really increases your energy. It will help you attract more efforts and enthusiasm into your life, but that's not the point! The problem is that we often don't think we have enough time or resources to make a difference—we're too busy living our lives or earning a living.4.
This is truly one of my favorite tools to attract more enthusiasm in an easy way into my life. More importantly, I love making a difference in other people's lives. That's why I do it. Attracting enthusiasm is just the “side” benefit.
We have all learned from Law of Attraction teachers that we will receive more of what we are “broadcasting” to the Universe.5.
A.It is one of my top values.
B.Actually we can afford to spend time on it.
C.Making a difference will help you attract more attention.
D.So get inspired to make a difference and your life will improve.
E.To make a difference, you can contribute something you have to others.
F.If you want to make a difference, your energy will change when you focus there.
G.There is nothing but positive consequences when you focus on making a difference.
For parents with grown children, sometimes the pain of an empty nest can be better than the pain of a full basement. It turns out birds face a similar but slightly more deadly dilemma. When young birds leave the nest early, they help their future generations survive better but they themselves are more likely to die, according to a new study.
Young birds can have a tough life—as can their parents. A noisy nest attracts predators that can wipe out the entire year's reproductive efforts at one stroke. Thus, bird parents push their young to leave the nest early—even when they are not quite ready—to increase the chances that at least one will survive, making sure all their "eggs" are not in one basket. But these early birds suffer as a result. Their death rate can be as high as 70%, compared with just 12% for species that are late bloomers.
Suspecting survival rates had something to do with how ready the birds were to take wing. An ecologist, Thomas Martin, tested fledgling(雏鸟) flying ability at different ages in about a dozen species and recorded the results with high-speed video.
As expected, younger birds had poorly developed wings and flew badly. Moreover, when researchers forced a gray sparrow called a junco(which has some of the lowest fledgling survival rates among the species studied) to stay in the nest for 13 days instead of 10, more lived to adulthood. Just 10% died within 7 days, compared with 30% for the early birds.
But it turns out that some bird moms are willing to keep their kids in the nest a bit longer. Birds such as the white-breasted nuthatch(五子雀), which nests in well-protected tree holes, let the young hang about longer at home, Martin's team discovered. In contrast, birds that nest on the ground or in the open pushed for early departures. That's because they suffer comparatively high losses of chicks in the nest.
Are there any lessons for human parents? “Some parallels exist,” Martin says, “but with people, there's so much more culture that comes into it.”
1.What does the new study find?
A.Young Birds' early leaving from the nest benefits bird parents themselves.
B.Parents with grown children suffer the pain of an empty nest.
C.There is a strong bond between empty-nest parents and young birds.
D.The wrong time of young birds' leaving may bring the whole family a disaster.
2.Which does the underlined word “predators” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.The birds' parents. B.The birds' natural enemies.
C.The younger competitors. D.The future generations.
3.What did the case of the gray sparrow show?
A.More birds have poorly developed wings than ever.
B.More gray sparrows live to adulthood than ever.
C.The longer the young stayed in the nests, the higher their survival rates were.
D.The earlier the young left the nests, the higher their survival rates were.
4.What may decide young birds' leaving time from home according to the research?
A.The bird moms. B.The bird species.
C.The wings' shape. D.The location of their nests.
Have you ever pressed the pedestrian button at a crosswalk and wondered if it really worked? Or strike the “close door” button in an elevator, while suspecting that it may, in fact, have no effect at all? They're called “placebo(安慰剂) buttons”—buttons that mechanically sound and can be pushed, but provide no functionality.
In New York City, only about 100 of the 1, 000 crosswalk buttons actually function. Crosswalk signals were generally installed before traffic jam had reached today's levels, and, over time, they started to influence the complex harmony of traffic lights.
But while their function was taken over by more advanced systems—such as automated lights or traffic sensors—the physical buttons were often kept, rather than being replaced at further expense. Other cities, such as Boston, Dallas and Seattle, have gone through a similar process, leaving them with their own placebo pedestrian buttons. In London, which has 6,000traffic signals, pressing the pedestrian button results in a reliable “Wait” light. But that doesn't necessarily mean that the “green man”—or “pedestrian stage” in traffic signal design profession—will appear any sooner.
“We do have some crossings where the green light comes on automatically, but we still ask people to press the button because that enables accessible features,” said Glynn Barton, director of network management at Transport for London.
These features, such as blind tracks and hearable traffic signals, help people with visual disorder cross the road and only function when the button is pressed. As for the lights, a growing number of them are now combined and become a part of an electronic system that detects traffic and adjusts time frequency accordingly(giving priority to buses if they're running late, for example), which means that pressing the button has no effect.
According to Langer, a Harvard psychologist, placebo buttons give us the illusion of control—and something to do in situations where the alternative would be doing nothing. In the case of pedestrian crossings, they may even make us safer by forcing us to pay attention to our surroundings. “They serve a psychological purpose at the very least,” she added.
1.What is a placebo button?
A.A button that flashes at a crosswalk.
B.A button that warns the pedestrians.
C.A button that nearly has no practical effect now.
D.A button that is not common before the electronic system.
2.Why are the placebo buttons in Boston kept?
A.They cost more to be replaced than to be kept.
B.They are unique attractions on the street.
C.They function well and are environmentally friendly.
D.They respond more slowly than the advanced systems.
3.What does the psychologist Langer think of the buttons at a crosswalk?
A.They're harmful to mental health.
B.They have no use for pedestrians.
C.Pressing them makes people feel foolish.
D.People may have a sense of safety when pressing them.
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A.How do placebo buttons affect mental health?
B.How do the buttons at a crosswalk operate?
C.When should a pedestrian wait at a crosswalk?
D.Why are the big cities full of buttons that don't work?
