Can you believe everything that you read? It seems as if every day, some new articles come out about a new discovery about this or that. For example, water is bad for you, or good for you. The answer depends on which scientific study has just come out. People cannot decide which food items are healthy, how pyramids were constructed, and why dinosaurs disappeared. When we look for answers we sometimes can believe persuasive researches and scientists. But how trustworthy are they really? Here are two examples of scientific hoaxes (骗局).
As far back as 1726, Johann Beringer was fooled by his fellow scientists into thinking he had made an amazing discovery. The fossils of spiders, lizards, and even birds with the name of God written on them in Hebrew were unlike anything that had been found before. He wrote several papers on them and was famous for those only to have it revealed that they were planted by jealous colleagues to ruin his reputation.
When an early human being was discovered in 1912, scientists at this time were wild with excitement over the meaning it had for the theory of evolution. There were hundreds of papers about this Piltdown man over the next fifty years until it was finally discovered to be a complex hoax. The skull (头骨) of a man had been mixed with the jawbone of an orangutan (猩猩) to make the ape (猿) man.
The next time you read the exciting new findings of a study of the best scientist, do not automatically assume that it is true. Even qualified people can get it wrong. Though we certainly should not ignore scientific research, we do need to take it with a grain of salt. Just because it is accepted as the truth today does not mean it will still be trustworthy tomorrow.
1.What is the reason why Johann Beringer was fooled?
A.His fellow scientists wanted to make fun of him.
B.His workmates are eager to become famous too.
C.These scientists made a mistake because of carelessness.
D.His colleagues was jealous of him and did so to destroy his fame.
2.The excited scientists thought that this Piltdown man ________.
A.was in fact a complex hoax
B.was a great scientific invention
C.contributed to the theory of evolution
D.had the skull like that of an ape
3.What does the underlined phrase “with a grain of salt” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Happily. B.Generally.
C.Doubtfully. D.Completely.
4.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Hebrew is probably a kind of language.
B.Truths of science will never be out of time.
C.People believe scientists because they are persuasive.
D.We are advised to believe famous scientists.
We once had a poster competition in our fifth-grade art class.
“You could win prizes,” our teacher told us as she wrote the poster information on the blackboard. She passed out sheets of construction paper while continuing, “The first prize is ten dollars. You just have to make sure that the words on the blackboard appear somewhere on your poster.”
We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard, rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that ten-dollar grand prize, each and every one of us. I’m going to spend mine on candies, one hopeful would announce, while another practiced looking serious, wise and rich.
Everyone in the class made a poster. Some of us used parts of those fancy paper napkins, while others used nothing but colored construction paper. Some of us used big designs, and some of us preferred to gather our art tidily down in one corner of our poster and let the space draw the viewer’s attention to it. Some of us would wander past the good students’ desks and then return to our own projects with a growing sense of hopelessness. It was yet another grown-up trick of the sort they seemed especially fond of, making all of us believe we had a fair chance, and then always—always—rewarding the same old winners.
I believe I drew a sailboat, but I can’t say that with any certainty. I made it. I admired it. I determined it to be the very best of all of the posters I had seen, and then I turned it in.
Minutes passed.
No one came along to give me the grand prize, and then someone distracted me, and I probably never would have thought about that poster again.
I was still sitting at my desk, thinking, what poster? When the teacher gave me an envelope with a ten-dollar bill in it and everyone in the class applauded for me.
1.What was the teacher’s requirement for the poster?
A.It must appear in time. B.It must be done in class.
C.It must be done on a construction sheet. D.It must include the words on the blackboard.
2.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________.
A.formed an idea for B.made an outline for
C.made some space for D.chose some colors for
3.We can infer from the passage that the author ________.
A.enjoyed grown up tricks very much B.loved poster competitions very much
C.felt surprised to win the competition D.became wise and rich after the competition
MEMORANDUM (备忘录)
To: All members of the sales department
From: Annette Derringer
Re: Year-end party
Date: November 26
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This is just a quick note to let you all know the arrangements for next month’s year-end party. As you know, the party will be held at the Green Vale Country Club, which we have reserved between 7:30 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. on the evening of December 21st. I’ve received replies from almost all of you confirming attendance, but if you haven’t let me know yet, please do so in the next day or two. Tickets for all employees have been covered by the company.
The Green Vale manager has asked me to explain one or two things to those of you who have not been there before. Basically, there is sufficient parking space for only 100 vehicles, so they would like to ask those of you planning to drive, try to car-pool as much as possible. Also, the number of lockers available is small, so guests should try to keep belongings to a minimum.
Thanks in advance.
Annette
To: Annette Derringer aderringer@belway.com
From: Kyle Berwick
Date: Nov 28
Subject: Year-end party
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Annette,
This is to let you know that I will be able to attend the year-end party at the Green Vale Country Club on the 21st although I don’t think I will be able to arrive before 8:30. I was wondering if it would also be possible to bring a couple of guests. I know it is a bit of a last minute request, but my brother and his wife are planning to visit us at that time, and I know they’d love to see the Green Vale. If it is not a problem, then can you let me know how much I should pay for their tickets? Also, assuming this is OK, I was planning to drive down in a single car, to reduce the need for parking and also to allow us to keep our belongings in the car.
I have a couple of days off before the party, but I’ll be in my office until the 17th, so could you get back to me before then? Thanks a lot,
Kyle
1.What’s the main purpose of the memorandum?
A.To explain the arrangement for an event.
B.To encourage people to travel by car.
C.To ask for help arranging a party.
D.To thank people for attending the party.
2.Why does Kyle Berwick write to Annette Derringer? Because he wants to ________.
A.ask the price of movie tickets B.explain why he cannot come to the party
C.request directions to a hotel D.ask if he may bring guests to the party
3.What can we infer from the passage?
A.The manager of the Green Vale doesn’t hope they go there by car.
B.Annette takes charge of the arrangement of year-end party.
C.They can take as many belongings as they can with them when going to the Green Vale.
D.Kyle Berwick won’t bring the guests to go to the party if he has to pay the tickets.
假设你是李华，因为即将升入高三你感到压力很大，请你写一封邮件给你校的心理老师Jenny，请她给你一些帮助， 要点如下:
1.自我介绍；2.描述你的学习现状;3.阐明你的压力来源；4.希望得到帮助。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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下面文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及个单词的增加,删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(ʌ).并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(/)划掉。
修改:在错的词下面画一横线并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Ann,
I am grateful to you for invite me to your birthday party on July 18, which that makes me feel truly honored.
Fortunately, I would like to express my apology for not being able to attend it because the final exam. It is just arranged on July 20, but I have to prepare for it. I am so busy reviewing my lessons that I really couldn't spare time to visit you. You can' t imagine how regret I am feeling. I sincerely hope that your birthday party can is full of joy and happy. Wish you an happy and wonderful day.
I have heard a lot of brave stories in my life. If being brave is as simple as showing _______ during a time of fear, I _______ a time when I had a frightening experience.
My family had just arrived at our holiday house when the _______ came to give us the keys and warned us to_______ for wild rodents running around his house. My parents _______ and said they would _______ the situation if they appear. The _______ of killing something like a mouse _______ entered my mind. Moreover, my father always came to my _______ if I needed him.
When my parents unpacked our bags, I was watching a movie in my room. Everyone else was ________ so I had to attend to my little brother. Halfway through the ________,I really needed to take a bathroom ________ so I walked out of my room leaving him alone in his baby bed. He disliked it, but I had to be ________ for a moment. "What' s the worst that could ________ ?” I thought to myself.
When I left the room, my brother began to cry ________ he usually did. However, his crying grew much louder and fearful, so I hurried back, and was greeted by an ________ furry visitor. “Dad! “I cried, "There is a rat in my room!” “Kill it!” he ________.“But dad, I can't.”
My mind went ________ ;I was so frightened. The first thing that I saw was an umbrella, so I ________ it. I began to hit the rat until it stopped moving.
My parents were ________ that I put my fear aside to protect my brother. That day, I felt brave.
1.A.progress B.intelligence C.strength D.technique
2.A.think of B.think over C.think ahead D.think through
3.A.landlord B.agent C.neighbor D.colleague
4.A.go out B.watch out C.drop out D.carry out
5.A.coughed B.sighed C.shook D.nodded
6.A.overcome B.overlook C.handle D.ignore
7.A.thought B.sense C.belief D.concept
8.A.always B.immediately C.gradually D.never
9.A.life B.help C.mind D.body
10.A.excited B.annoyed C.frightened D.occupied
11.A.package B.story C.movie D.experience
12.A.break B.walk C.chance D.leave
13.A.courageous B.gone C.available D.lost
14.A.become B.strike C.happen D.arrive
15.A.if B.while C.till D.as
16.A.unaware B.unlikely C.unreasonable D.unexpected
17.A.yelled B.said C.signed D.complained
18.A.pale B.blank C.red D.bad
19.A.threw B.brought C.seized D.kicked
20.A.awkward B.proud C.afraid D.lucky
