Americans have taken over from the Indians many things besides their continent! Where did corn, potatoes, tomatoes, chocolate and maple sugar come from? The Indians. Who invented moccasins, snowshoes and hammocks? The Indians!

A list of the tools, plants, materials and designs we owe to the Indians would include hundreds of items. But there is something far more familiar, something that is always at hand. It is used daily by every American: a large vocabulary of Indian words.

Potato, tomato, chocolate, moccasin and hammock came into English from Indian languages. So did cocoa, tobacco, maize (an Indian word for corn) and succotash. Some words have changed on the way. Potato, for example, comes from a word that sounds like “batata”. Cocoa began as “cacahuatl”.

Some meanings have also changed. The long Indian word from which succotash comes means “something broken off in bits”. Indian women often varied their dishes by mixing bits of one food with another. White men who ate an Indian dish of mixed lima beans (青豆) and corn began using the Indian word to mean this particular mixture.

Put on your moccasins and take a walk in the country. If it is a cold day and you wear a mackinaw, your jacket will be as Indian as your shoes. But mackinaw came from “michilimackinac”, the Indian name of a place where a fort (集市) served as a trading post. Bright-colored blankets or jackets bought at the post soon became known as “mackinaws”.

Early white visitors to the continent found Indian words useful for the things new to them. But some Indian sounds, such as the “tl” at the end of many words, were hard to say. That is why “coyotl” became coyote and “tomatle” became tomato.

Some words simply seemed too long. So, “musickwautash” became succotash and “rockahominy” became hominy.

1.The first two paragraphs may serve as a(n)     .

A. explanation    B. introduction    C. comment    D. background

2. Which of the following has been changed for easier pronunciation?

A. Batata        B. Chocolate     C. Tomatle     D. Rockahominy

3. Some words have changed because       .

A.  they are too long

B.  nobody can use them

C.  the things they refer to have disappeared

D.  they are too difficult for people to write

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A.  How Indian traditions affect us.

B.  Why Indian words were changed.

C.   Things we owe to the Indians.

D.  Indian words all around us.

If you want to fully enjoy your vacation, then you’d better check the Durban City Tours! This is actually one of the best choices in South Africa today.

There is nothing more relaxing than to think about it that there is a place to go and relax, right? City life is stressful, but you can escape this situation and be in the place where there is noting but fun. Here in Durban you will get to see all the amazing tourist attractions. If you love animals and want to see some elephants wandering around the streets, then Durban is the place to go. You can even get to ride one if you want!

Here you will also get to taste all the delicious South African food. You can choose from Italian cooking to its native dishes. Durban is a great place to tour with your friends and family. You will learn a lot about its history through the landmarks you will see down the streets. Tourists and even the local villagers just can’t get enough of these treats!

However, it is important that you make the necessary arrangements. There are actually lots of tour guides that will help you as you make your journey along the streets of Durban. But if you prefer the best tour guides here in Durban, then you’d better settle for the Street Scene Tours. Their staff are all well-trained and professional. They will certainly make your stay here an unforgettable one. No wonder tourists prefer the Street Scene Tours when it comes to Durban City Tours.

1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?

A.  Durban is a relaxing city.

B.  City life means high pressure.

C.  It is good to have a place to relax.

D.  One can have fun riding elephants.

2. If you walk in the street of Durban, what will impress you most?

A.  Tourists from all over the world.

B.  The buildings and many kinds of animals.

C.  The streets and some wandering elephants.

D.  The friendly local people and the scenery.

3.. What does the last sentence in Paragraph 3 show?

A.  The food can’t satisfy them.

B.  They are bored with the streets.

C.  They are treated very well here.

D.  They never get tired of the sights.

4. The author wrote the last paragraph mainly to      .

A.  attract tourists to Durban

B.  help readers make arrangement

C.  introduce the tour guides in Durban

D.  persuade tourists to choose the Street Scene Tours

完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Recent studies have shown that children with learning disabilities (LD) often have problems. For many, strong  21 of anger, shame, sadness, or disappointment can 22 psychological difficulties such as anxiety, depression or low self-esteem. These problems can be far more than the  23 challenges themselves.

Several heading experts in the field of LD have offered suggestions on ways to help 24 children from these problems.

To be most effective in supporting 25 , it can help to understand some primary  26  for the psychological and emotional challenges they may face.

First, it is not difficult to see  27  children with LD are at greater risk for developing psychological difficulties if one considers the repeated failure they 28 . Although they make efforts to “try harder,” children with LD may receive little  29  feedback（反馈）. Their academic struggles and failures are often met with 30 by teachers, peers and parents. Such disapproval can take the form of unpleasant labeling（标签）of a child 31“slow,” “lazy” or “dumb.” 32 developing a sense of pride in their accomplishments, children with LD may  33  in disappointment and shame. Low self-esteem and a lack of confidence only  34 prevent learning and academic success.

The second reason is the 35 difficulties they often experience. Research indicates that as many as 75% of kids with LD have such 36 as making and keeping friends. Children with LD are less 37 and often rejected by their peers. Teachers and other adults also may  38 to have negative views of them. Such social rejection(排斥)can result in  39 of self-esteem and feelings of loneliness, which,   40   may lead to psychological difficulties such as anxiety and depression.

1.A. opinions        B. feelings       C. ideas           D. attitudes

2. A. cause          B. get             C. solve           D. overcome

3. A. mental          B. physical        C. potential        D. academic

4. A. protect         B. prevent         C. remove          D. separate

5. A. experts       B. children         C. teachers         D. parents    

6. A. ways          B. rules          C. reasons           D. directions

7.A. where         B. why            C. which             D. when

8. A. practise      B. experience        C. possess          D. find

9. A. hopeful        B. timely          C. subjective        D. positive

10.A. sympathy     B. courage         C. disapproval        D. respect

11.A. as             B. for               C. with               D. to

12.A. Instead of     B. In favor of     C. Because of       D. In terms of

13. A. turn away     B. work out      C. break off         D. end up

14. A. hardly          B. further          C. even              D. slightly

15. A. general         B. social           C. personal           D. cultural

16. A. values           B. mistakes       C. chances           D. difficulties

17.A. requested      B. controlled     C. admitted         D. accepted

18.A. mean           B. tend           C. prefer             D. pretend

19. A. pride           B. need         C. loss               D. awareness

20. A. in particular      B. in general     C. in total          D. in turn

I suppose we’ll have to,        bad weather conditions, spend more than 500 days undertaking the construction.

A. considering      B. allowed for      C. including        D. linked with

Is this TV set___ you wish to have___?

  A. the one; repaired    B. which; it repaired    C. the one; it repaired    D. which; repaired

It is often recommended that children ________chances to get close to nature.

A．are offered      B．be offered     C．should offer       D．must be offered

The flu is believed____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.

A. causing      B. being caused      C.  to have caused       D. to be caused

John was ________to learn the news       he was rejected by the committee.

A．cast down; that      B．cast off; whether    C．cast about; that D．cast away; whether

—Can you see the Jinsha Museum from ________ you are standing?

—Yes，and it’s really well designed.

A．where            B．which            C．the place            D．here

________is no possibility ________she can finish the task in two hours.

A．There；that      B．It；that    C．There；whether    D．It；whether