Effective Communication With Parents

This book explains how school leaders can become successful communicators with teachers and parents。

The effective approaches to communicating with parents in the book are: Listen, Apologize, Solve, and Thank. 1. It can be a challenge to listen quietly when being attacked or when wrong information is being shared, but listening quietly without interruption is the most important.

2. Many people struggle with making apologies- especially when they feel they've done nothing wrong. But remember, we are not necessarily apologizing for our actions, but rather because of how the parent feels or what happened. For example, "I'm sorry this happened" or "I'm sorry you feel that way.”

Listening and apologizing are the two hardest steps to a successful meeting with a dissatisfied parent. 3.However, they set the tone for the final two steps of offering a solution and thanking the parent for their time.

4.More importantly, LAST helps to avoid the disadvantages of becoming defensive, and damaging your partnership with the parent.

Parent-teacher conferences can be difficult when there are agendas on either side that are not known. 5. They should try to focus on where the student is academically, and what the child and parents can do to help the situation.

A.These steps can feel unpleasant.

B.Choose your words carefully and thoughtfully.

C.After listening, I encourage teachers to apologize.

D.When communicating with a parent, it is important to listen quietly.

E.Give parents an opportunity to say what they want the teacher to know.

F.One thing teachers should know is to make sure the conference is student-centered.

G.When you follow these four steps, any parent-teacher conference can be successful.

    Scientists may one day be able to destroy viruses in the same way that opera singers break wine glasses. New research mathematically determined the frequencies at which simple viruses could be shaken to death.

The capsid (壳) of a virus is something like the shell of a turtle, said physicist Otto Sankey of Arizona State University. “If the shell can be damaged by mechanical vibrations (震动), the virus can be destroyed.”

Recent experimental evidence has shown that laser (激光) pulses with the right frequency can kill certain viruses. However, locating these resonant (共振的) frequencies is a bit of trial and error. Experiments must try various conditions, Sankey said.

To further this search, Sankey and his student Eric Dykeman have developed a way to calculate the vibrations of every atom in a virus shell. From this, they can determine the lowest resonant frequencies. An experiment has recently shown that pulses of laser light can cause destructive vibrations in virus shells. Sankey said, “Like pushing a child on a swing from rest, one sudden push gets the virus shaking.”

However, it is difficult to calculate what sort of push will kill a virus, since there can be millions of atoms in its shell structure. A direct calculation of each atom’s movements would take several hundred thousand Gigabytes of computer memory, Sankey explained.

The team plans to use their technique to study other, more complicated viruses. However, it is still a long way from using this to destroy the viruses in infected people. “This is such a new field, and there are so few experiments that the science has not yet had enough time to prove itself,” Sankey said. “We remain hopeful but remain skeptical at the same time.”

1.What is the new way to kill viruses?

A.Replacing viruses’ capsids with shells.

B.Breaking viruses’ capsids by vibration.

C.Locating the position of certain viruses.

D.Damaging the conditions that viruses like.

2.Why does Sankey mention “pushing a child on a swing” in Paragraph 4?

A.To prove how simple the new theory is.

B.To explain how to start the virus shaking.

C.To suggest the idea comes from our real life.

D.To show the destructive power of vibrations.

3.What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?

A.The shell structure of viruses.

B.The lack of computer memory.

C.The challenging part of the research.

D.The importance of atoms’ movement.

4.What is Sankey’s attitude towards the theory?

A.Disapproving. B.Worried.

C.Uncaring. D.Positive.

    When you're a teen you start being more aware of what other people think. There seems to be a “right” thing to wear, or say, or do. There also seem to be things that you shouldn’t do-things that could be embarrassing, or lose your points with friends. This can lead to social anxiety.

Some kids feel so anxious that they develop something called social anxiety disorder (障碍), which is diagnosed (诊断) when you worry so much about how you appear to others that you stop doing things you need to and want to do for fear of embarrassing yourself.

Kids with social anxiety disorder aren't just nervous when they’re at parties or giving a speech in class. Even small interactions (互动), like answering a question in class or eating with friends in the cafeteria can feel extremely scary to kids with social anxiety disorder. That's because they fear they might accidentally do something embarrassing or offensive, and it will make others judge or even reject them.

And while kids who are just shy will gradually warm up to new people and situations over time, kids with social anxiety don't. Shyness might hold you back to some degree from doing things, but it won't deeply influence your ability to do your job as a teenager, which is to function in school, function in your family, and to have friends and be a part of your peer-related community. But social anxiety will.

Many teens experience anxiety disorders. Being brave and telling someone how you feel might seem scary, but if you can get over that obstacle, someone will want to listen. Asking for help can be hard, but it really is important.

1.What is the main cause of social anxiety?

A.Lack of friendship. B.One's appearance.

C.School performance. D.Other’s judgment.

2.Who is most likely to be diagnosed with social anxiety?

A.Alice, who skips school to avoid answering questions in class.

B.David, who always thinks he can't do as well as his classmates.

C.Chris, who feels nervous every time he gives a speech in public.

D.Jenny, who has been in low spirits since she failed the last exam.

3.Social anxiety disorder differs from shyness in that         .

A.it influences people around you

B.it only makes your grades suffer

C.it greatly affects your normal life

D.it is related to your study or work

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.What Is Social Anxiety Disorder

B.How Social Fear Ruins Relationships

C.Why Teens Suffer from Social Anxiety?

D.When Anxiety Disorders Go Unnoticed

    An American brother and sister have survived a 14-hour swim to safety in the Caribbean after the fishing boat they had rented sank off the north coast of St Lucia.

Dan Susk, 30-year-old IT professional from San Francisco, said he had been fishing in rough seas with help from his sister, Kate Suski, a 39-year-old architect, when the ship began to sink on 21April. Water flooded the engine room. The captain threw life jackets to the Suski and said, “Jump out! Jump out!” The Suski obeyed and jumped into the water with the captain and the first mate (大副). Less than five minutes later the boat sank. They were at least eight mile was telling us to stay together, and that help was on its way and that we needed to wait, Kate Suski said. After an hour, when no help came, the Suski decided to swim for it and lost sight of the captain and the first mate.

A helicopter appeared in the distance but no one spotted them. Several hours went by, and the sun began to set. “There’s this very real understanding that the situation is dire,” Kate Suski said both considered the possible ways we might die. Would we drown? Be eaten by a shark? Would our legs give out and make it impossible to swim?

They swam for 12 to 14 hours, talking as they pushed and trembled their way through the ocean. When in the moonlight they finally came within about 10 meters of land they realized that they were looking at steep rocky cliffs and would be beaten to death against them if they tried to approach any closer. They swam until they noticed sand nearby around midnight and dragged themselves ashore. Later, the Suski were treated in hospital. They learned that the captain and the first mate were rescued after spending nearly 23 hours in the water.

1.How many people were there on the fishing boat before it sank?

A.5. B.4.

C.3. D.2

2.What does the underlined word "dire" in Paragraph 3 mean?

A.Awkward B.Serious

C.Perfect. D.Different

3.What do we know about the Suskis?

A.They were rescued by a helicopter.

B.They survived 23 hours in the water.

C.They swam over eight miles to the shore

D.They got back on land as soon as they saw it.

4.Which of the following can best describe the Suskis?

A.Brave and calm. B.Strong and sensitive

C.Optimistic and generous. D.Faithful and curious

London’s Must-See Exhibitions

This year is zipping along at quite a speed, and London's already witnessed some great exhibitions. But big treats are still to come.

Van Gogh’s Sunflowers and Starry Night at Tate Britain

A major exhibition at Tate Britain, which examines how Van Gogh was inspired by British art, and how he in turn inspired British artists. His famous painting Sunflowers fills the gallery with joy, while a work of a red-haired man with piercing (锐利的) blue eyes stares out at visitors.

The EY Exhibition: Van Gogh and Britain at Tate Britain. Until 11 August, £22.

Glass Master at Kew Gardens

Dale Chihuly creates sculptures out of glass that we would normally think impossible. His bright colorful forms twist and expand as if they are living creatures. With 32 of his sculptures around Kew Gardens, we're looking forward to Kew becoming even more beautiful than it already is.

Chihuly at Kew: Reflections on Nature at Kew Gardens. 13 April-27 October, £13.75.

More of Moore at Museum of London

Henry Moore is best-known for his abstract figure sculptures, with a fantastic collection at the British Museum. What many won't know about is his obsession (痴迷) with armour (盔甲), and the sculptures he created inspired by Renaissance armour. Actually, they're going on display at Museum of London, next to the armour that inspired them.

Henry Moore: The Helmet Heads at Museum of London. Until 23 October, £11.

Shining a Light on Rembrandt at Dulwich Picture Gallery

Dulwich Picture Gallery commemorates 350 years since the death of Rembrandt with an exhibition on the man who mastered the use of light and dark in his paintings. The last Rembrandt exhibition in London was superb — more of the same, please.

Rembrandt's Light at Dulwich Picture Gallery. 2 October-2 December, £15.

1.At which place can you enjoy Van Gogh’s paintings?

A.Tate Britain. B.Kew Gardens.

C.Museum of London. D.Dulwich Picture Gallery.

2.What is the feature of Henry Moore: The Helmet Heads?

A.Henry Moore’s best-known sculptures.

B.A fantastic collection of abstract paintings.

C.Sculptures inspired by Renaissance armour.

D.Paintings of impressive armour in past times

3.Which of the exhibitions is available in November?

A.The EY Exhibition Van Gogh and Britain.

B.Chihuly at Kew: Reflections on Nature.

C.Henry Moore: The Helmet Heads.

D.Rembrandt’s Light.

假定你是李华，新落成的外文书店为增加访客量，现向市民征求建议，请给书店经理Mr Davis写一封建议信，内容包括：

1.拥有宽敞的空间以提供良好的阅读体验

2.提供咨询，讲座等服务

3.其他建议（至少一条）

要求：1.词数100左右

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯

Dear Mr Davis,

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：把缺词处加一个漏符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last Friday afternoon, I stayed home. When night fell, my parents wasn't back home yet. I stopped doing my homework but decided to make a meal for my family instead of just wait. With no experience of cooking, I went online to find informations for how to cook home-style dishes. With the step-by-step directions, I managed to made one dish. Feeling confident, so I made two more. When parents got home, they were amazed to see the taste dishes I had made. Immediately my mum took pictures for them and my dad gave me a big hug. We real enjoyed the meal that evening.

    When I was a child my father taught me five words that I’ve used all my life—in my acting career, as a mother, in my business activities. If I _________ that I was afraid of the dark, or if I seemed worried about meeting new people, Dad would say, ''Stand porter to your _________.''

A porter is a gatekeeper, who stands at a door _________ people in or out. Dad would get me to _________ myself stopping destructive things—such as fear—at the door, _________ saying ''Come in'' to faith, love and self-assurance.

As an actress, before I went on camera, I'd make sure anxiety _________ and confidence in my ability came in. As a mother, when I was _________ about my children, I would try not to let worry in but would _________ my mind with trust in them.

Of course, there were always times I'd _________ those words.

In 1972 my husband, Fillmore Crank, and I opened the doors to our own __________ in North Hollywood. This was a new business venture for us, and it was a lot more __________ and complicated than we had __________,

We were on call 24 hours a day. Something was always going __________. Electricity went on the blink, food wasn't delivered, employees called in sick. Once, a flu epidemic __________left us with no maids. Fillmore gave me a __________：scrub floors or do the laundry. For 10 days I folded enough king-size sheets to __________ the whole state of California.

Then there was the __________ crisis. The price of gasoline doubled, and tourism in California __________. How could we fill our beds? What if we kept losing money? What if we failed? Fear and worry were sneaking in. But I caught them just __________. I stood porter.

I stood in the door of my mind and sent fear packing.

These days at the hotel, whenever fear tries to __________, I just smile and point to the sign that reads No Vacancy.

1.A.recalled B.decided C.complain D.announced

2.A.family B.studio C.future D.mind

3.A.inviting B.observing C.letting D.urging

4.A.send B.picture C.busy D.involve

5.A.but B.or C.so D.for

6.A.cut in B.broke down C.showed up D.stayed out

7.A.anxious B.cautious C.serious D.curious

8.A.read B.ease C.fill D.change

9.A.exchange B.forget C.eat D.twist

10.A.laundry B.restaurant C.clinic D.hotel

11.A.convincing B.boring C.promising D.demanding

12.A.deduced B.suggested C.figured D.confirmed

13.A.wrong B.pale C.sour D.missing

14.A.specially B.suddenly C.hardly D.regularly

15.A.choice B.solution C.warning D.command

16.A.decorate B.blanket C.serve D.touch

17.A.identity B.family C.credit D.energy

18.A.dropped B.boomed C.ceased D.recovered

19.A.at random B.by chance C.in time D.on purpose

20.A.withdraw B.register C.split D.shelter

    Suppose you were promised $1,440 each day that comes to $525,600 a year. That could never be reduced or changed in your whole life. Sounds great, doesn’t it? Actually, we all do get 1,440 a day—but in minutes, not dollars. 1. It’s possible to get more money, but you can’t make more time.

Many of the management practices that help people make good use of their money can also be applied to your “time currency”. But the question is, are you a good manager of your time? 2.

Find out where your time is going now. Write down everything you do in a day. Include work, study, cooking and meals, cleaning and household maintenance, sleep, family time and mindless activities such as watching TV and getting lost in social media.

3. Ten  minutes of planning can save  you an hour of time and helps stretch the    time you have, and you’ll see pockets of time you can use for things you want to do. “Once people have a clear picture, they actually do have a lot more time than they realize.” Clark, the founder of the Purposeful Planner says.

You can also set limits. Use kitchen timers, phone reminders, apps or other timing devices to stay focused and work more productively, suggests Janine Adams, certified professional organizer of Peace of Mind Organizing.

4. When you have missions to run, instead of making three separate trips on three different days to buy groceries, office supplies or home store products, integrate them—visit all three stores in one trip. It’s more efficient to finish “little one-off” tasks together rather than  deal with one at a time throughout the day.

At the end of the day, week, month and year, take a look at how well you’ve managed your time. You’ll see where you could do better and where you’ve completed what you set out to do. Booren compares this progress check to reviewing your annual “financial    statement”.

5.Do that over and over and “it forms habit and becomes natural.” Booren says.

A.Try these simple steps to take control of your clock and calendar.

B.Time is one of the most precious and limited resources for people.

C.Grouping small tasks into one job proves to be helpful in daily practice.

D.The most important tasks are not always the same as the most pressing tasks.

E.Focus on what you’re doing and avoid having to repeat the same process twice.

F.Invest a few minutes at the beginning of each day or week to plan and organize.

G.Take time each day to reflect on your achievements and set goals for tomorrow.

    Fever has usually been regarded as a threat to health. However, no one has actually proved that fever is dangerous. This fact attracted the attention of Matthew J. Kluger. Imagining that fever might not be as harmful as it had been supposed, Kluger set up a series of experiments with lizards (蜥蜴).

What Kluger and his team did in their first experiment was simple. They put some lizards in a sand-box, one end of which was heated to 44°C, while the other was at a room temperature. It was found that the lizards moved from one part of the box to the other in order to keep a constant temperature of about 38°C. Having shown that normal lizards regulate (调节) their own temperature, Kluger, in a second experiment, then set out to show that lizards, like most other animals, develop fever when infected (感染). This was done by making lizards infected with bacteria (细菌) that were known to cause disease. As the team expected, the infected lizards remained longer in the heated part of the box, until they had raised their body temperatures to two or three degrees above normal. In other words, the sick lizards gave themselves fever.

In a third experiment, the team observed the effect of temperature on the survival of the lizards. One group of infected lizards was given a fever-suppressing (退烧) drug. The other group was given no drug and ran a fever, that is to say, they kept a higher temperature for four or five days before seeking a cooler environment. The results were impressive. Of those which raised their body temperature, all but one remained alive. Of those given the fever-suppressing drug, more than half died. Similar results have since been produced in other animals. For example, infected fish swim to warmer water, and will die if not allowed to do so.

An important conclusion can be drawn from these experiments. As Kluger points out, lizards have been on earth for hundreds of millions of years. It is reasonable to suppose that a response that is so old has been kept by nature for some purpose. It would appear, therefore, that fever does not make disease worse. Rather it is part of the mechanism (机能) by which infection is controlled.

1.In his experiments, Kluger was hoping to prove that fever ______.

A.is not harmful to lizards

B.is necessary for both humans and animals

C.is not necessarily bad

D.has the same effect on humans and animals

2.In the third experiment, the lizards given a fever-suppressing drug died because ______.

A.they had no more fever that they needed

B.they were normal ones and had no fever

C.the drug had no effect on sick lizards

D.the drug made their body temperature too low

3.How would you understand the underlined words “ a response ” in the last paragraph?

A.Recovery from disease

B.Natural defense in the body against disease.

C.Cause of disease.

D.Relationship between living things and nature.

4.Which of the following is the best summary of this article?

A.Lizards are most suitable for experiments on fever.

B.Fever may play an important part in curing disease.

C.Fever helps lizards to get rid of infection.

D.Lizards and humans are not as different as people supposed.