Electrical devices(仪器)could soon use power made by human energy. Scientists say they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking , British scientist Max Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device.

The device connects to a person’s knee. As the person walks ,the device captures energy each time the person slows down. To do this ,the device helps with the slowing sown movement of the leg, the movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine that produces electricity. Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute. Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes.

There are several possible uses for the device. Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers. The device could also he used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers(起博器), it could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs.

The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy, but the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version, An improved version should be ready in one year.

The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries; nearly twenty five percent of people around the world live without electric power.

A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania, He created a bag carried on a person’s back that also produces power from walking. The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag, but the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms.

1.The second paragraph mainly talks about  

A.who developed the device

B.how the device works

C.several possible uses for the devices

D.how much electricity the device can produce

2.What is the disadvantage of the experimental version of the device?

A.It is too heavy for the walker to bear

B.It is too complex for people to use

C.It is too expensive for most people to afford

D.It will slow down one’s walking speed

3.Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome, this new device  

A.produces power without adding more loads to the walker

B.can produce more power in a much shorter time

C.needs to be equipped with a battery

D.can help the walker walk faster

4.From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can  

A.help housewives operate the washing machine

B.make it much easier for us to go online

C.produce more electricity than that invented by Larry Rome

D.be applied in medical fields to operate heart pacemakers

5.What would be the best title for the passage

A.First device powered by walking will soon be on the market

B.Advanced technology brings in a new way to operate heart pacemakers

C.Device gives new meaning to the idea of power walking

D.Human energy will become a main source of electricity

    It was blazing hot, just like most July days. I stepped into a tiny ice-cream shop to cool off with a chocolate ice-cream. It was an old woman bent over a table near the door. Her back was so badly twisted that her face nearly touched the tabletop. I sat down facing her a couple of tables away.

“Poor woman,” I thought, “What does she get out of life? Why God let people live so long past their prime?”

As I thought, another aged lady entered the shop and sat down with her. Soon the two of them were talking about childhood days. They talked of how little the shop had changed in 70 years. In minutes, the two of them were trembling with laughter.

I looked again at the first woman, then in the mirror on a nearby wall, catching a picture of myself. I was wearing a dirty shirt. She was well dressed in white, her hands sparking with gold rings. I was sad. She was laughing, smiling. I was putting the pieces of my life together. She had millions of wonderful memories to recall. I sat alone. She was sharing the day with a good friend. I was secretly worried about getting old. She was old, but it wasn’t hurting her.

As I left the shop, I thought of my foolish question about God letting people live past their prime. Why, that woman was more alive, more sensitive to life than I was. Age has not bent her spirit.

1.From the passage we know that the ice-shop _________.

A.started its business 70 years ago.

B.had only a couple of tables

C.changed a lot in the past

D.had only women shoppers.

2.What is the meaning of the underlined word “prime” in this passage?

A.miserable life B.time of great strength, beauty, vigor(活力)

C.long career D.wonderful experience

3.The writer implies all of the following except that _________.

A.the old lady was very lonely and sad

B.the writer had more problems than the old lady

C.the old lady had lived a full and satisfying life

D.the old lady had learned to enjoy the simple things in life

4.Which of the following is the conclusion the writer made about the old lady?

A.She was to be pitied for her old age.

B.She considered the young man pitiable.

C.She was more alive and sensitive to life than the writer.

D.People should not be allowed to live when they are too old.

5.Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

A.To tell us the life of old people

B.To show that old age does not mean being short of spirit.

C.To show the difference between the old and the young.

D.To make the reader have a pity on the old people.

    One night recently, I was driving down a two-lane highway at about 60 miles an hour. A car approached from the opposite direction at about the same speed. As we passed each other, I caught the other driver’s eye for only a second. I wondered whether he might be thinking, as I was, how dependent we were on each other at that moment. I was relying on him not to fall asleep, not to be put off by a phone conversation, not to cross over into my lane and bring my life to a sudden end. Though we had never spoken a word to each other, he relied on me in just the same way.

Multiplied a million times over, I believe that is the way the world works. At some level, we all depend upon one another. Sometimes that dependence requires us simply not to do something like crossing over the double yellow line. And sometimes it requires us to act cooperatively, with friends or even with strangers.

As technology shrinks our world, the need increases for cooperative action among nations. In 2003, doctors in five nations were quickly organized to identify the SARS virus, which saved thousands of lives. The threat of international terrorism has shown itself to be a similar problem, one requiring coordinated action by police and intelligence forces across the world. We must recognize that our fates (命运) are not ours alone to control .

In my own life, I’ve put great stock in personal responsibility. But, as the years have passed, I’ve also come to believe that there are moments when one must rely upon the good faith and judgment of others. So, while each of us faces the case of driving alone down a dark road , what we must learn is that the approaching light may not be a threat , but a shared moment of trust.

1.The author considers ________ very important.

A.driving alone on a dark road B.shared trust and cooperation

C.cooperation to identify SARS virus D.independence of people

2.The author said that they depended on each other in the same way because ________.

A.the approaching car was very dangerous

B.they both drove their car at a terrific speed

C.it was dark and the road was not wide enough

D.he might be killed out of the other’s careless driving

3.From the second paragraph, we know the author drew the important lesson from ________.

A.only one experience B.many friends and strangers

C.a driver on a dark road D.many similar experiences

4.The need for cooperation increases because _________.

A.terrorism can happen everywhere

B.the SARS virus spread quickly

C.peoples’ fates can’t be controlled by themselves

D.the world has become smaller

5.We can infer from the last paragraph that the author has ________.

A.had a change on his viewpoint of life

B.counted upon himself alone in everything

C.had no trust in others’ good faith and judgment

D.believed in one’s own personal responsibility

我市正在开展全国文明城市创建活动，假定你是我市某外语学校的学生会主席，请你以学生会的名义用英文写一封倡议书，向全校同学发出做文明市民的倡议，内容包括:

1. 倡议目的；

2. 倡议内容（如注意个人文明、马路文明、环境卫生等）。

注意：1. 词数不少于100；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇： 全国文明城市： National Civilized City

Dear fellow students:

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Students Union

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

注意：1 .每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My family went on a trip to Mount Huang in Anhui, famous for its amazing sceneries, during the Mid-Autumn Festival this year. It takes us about five hours to get here by train. Once we reached the foot of the mountain, we got down to climb it. My parents and I were great impressed by the beautiful views along the way. About three hours late, we finally got to the top. We had lunch there and the food was tasted really delicious. We both enjoyed ourselves on that day but the trip was a truly unforgettable experience. To tell you truth, it is fantastic to be with my family.

As I entered womanhood, mom told me that no matter what happened and no matter what I did, I could always come home. Because of what those words meant to me, I said the same thing to my ____

My childhood was filled with ____— a lot of kisses，lots of hugs, and lots of spoken “I love you”. Because of what those meant to me, I ____ my sons the same things.

My mom came from a ____family and had a difficult childhood，yet she never____about how unlucky she was____ my mom, I saw love’s ability to forgive.

I saw my sweet mom love my Grandpa,____ he had abandoned her and my Grandma and failed to____ for their needs; I never saw mom treat Grandpa any way but lovingly, even though he was far from ____ I learned how love behaves and forgives.

I watched my mom ____my 100-year-old grandma who，in her blindness，deafness and feebleness(虚弱)，needed almost ____ care. When I was in her home, I heard what I’ve heard all my life, “I love you, mom.” They would ____ this to each other at least five times a ____— when mom got Grandma up，made her comfortable in bed，or prepared her _____ And I would hear love’s ____ when Grandma said, “And I love you too.”

Love forgives and ____, not focusing on what has happened. ____, love’s focus is on what needs to be done and on doing it the ____ we can.

My mom taught me to love；she told me to ____ it on to my children, and she____forgiveness herself.

1.A.friends B.children C.settlers D.neighbors

2.A.happiness B.entertainment C.confusion D.attraction

3.A.paid B.ordered C.gave D.bought

4.A.famous B.broken C.fortunate D.peaceful

5.A.regretted B.argued C.complained D.wondered

6.A.In B.Like C.With D.Before

7.A.if B.because C.so D.although

8.A.offer B.provide C.support D.react

9.A.modest B.ordinary C.kind D.smart

10.A.pick up B.bring out C.look after D.turn to

11.A.little B.total C.early D.major

12.A.whisper B.amuse C.greet D.encourage

13.A.day B.month C.year D.second

14.A.gesture B.dormitory C.mess D.meal

15.A.question B.response C.solution D.measure

16.A.walks on B.falls behind C.moves on D.runs away

17.A.However B.Instead C.Also D.Therefore

18.A.quickest B.least C.longest D.best

19.A.pass B.look C.put D.write

20.A.defended B.expected C.showed D.supported

Mountains of smoke and fire

Deep under the Earth’s surface, it’s so hot that even rock melts. Sometimes this molten rock, called “magma”, is pushed up to the surface.1.And the opening or vent that lets the lava out is a volcano.

A volcano may explode violently, throwing out rocks for miles around.2.Some volcanoes release clouds of poisonous gas or huge clouds of ash. Volcanoes can even do all these things underwater.

Most volcanoes have been around for a very long time. Many haven’t erupted for years and have cooled off. Volcanoes that are not going to erupt again are called “dead volcanoes”. Some volcanoes still give off smoke. These “sleeping volcanoes” may “wake up” one day and erupt again. 3. But one day in AD 79 it suddenly woke up. Its eruption threw out hot ash and rocky fragments (碎片) that buried the city of Pompeii. A hot mud-flow buried nearby Herculaneum. Because the remains are so well preserved, the area has been named a World Heritage site.

But not all volcanoes are destructive. When a volcano throws out vast amounts of lava and debris (岩屑), it piles up into a mountain.4.

Other volcanoes help provide heat and energy. Many Icelandic homes get their hot water from springs heated by volcanic steam.5. Plants grow very well in the rich soil left by volcanoes. And valuable gems, such as diamonds, can sometimes be found in the rocks that are thrown out by volcanoes.

A.At this point it is referred to as “lava”.

B.The molten rock is formed inside the Earth.

C.This steam can also be used to produce electricity.

D.Mount Vesuvius in Italy slept for a thousand years.

E.Or it may push lava out so that it flows away, cools and hardens.

F.Japan has many active volcanoes within its narrow national territory.

G.The Hawaiian Islands and the island of Iceland were created in this way.

    Most of us likely consider snakes to be cold to others of their kind, just as they are cold to us human beings.

But those beliefs are wrong-especially when it comes to garter snakes (袜带蛇) , a new study says. These nonpoisonous creatures, which range from the chilly plains of Canada to the forests of Costa Rica, have special preferences about which snakes they hang out with-in other words, they have “friends.”

“All animals-even snake-need to interact with others,” says study leader Morgan Skinner, a doctoral candidate in behavioral ecology at Wilfrid Laurier University in Canada. To investigate this theory, Skinner carried out a novel experiment to assess the personalities and sociability of eastern garter snakes. The results showed that “like us, they seek out social contacts, and they’re particular about whom they socialize with,” says Skinner.

The idea that snakes have close friends may be surprising, but such relationships are increasingly being found throughout the animal kingdom, from bats to elephants. A recent analysis of bats showed, for example, that bats and humans both have conditional friendships.

Scientists are likely better at discovering friendships among animals now than, say, 30 years ago, partly because many societies are more accepting of such a concept, and because researchers have far better tools for gathering and analyzing the data.

However, the scientists have no idea what’s motivating friendships in garter snakes, though they do know it’s not related to reproduction or mating (交配): The study snakes did not prefer the opposite sex as friends. But such partnerships must be offering some benefit-otherwise the animals would not waste the energy forming such bonds. For example, snake friends usually curl up together, which helps them keep heat and defend against natural enemies.

Whatever the reason, says Gordon Burghardt, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Tennessee, the study “should help convince people that snakes aren’t all mysterious loners, but have more social intelligence and a larger social ability than most of us realize.”

1.What can we know from the new study?

A.Snakes make friends for their next generation.

B.Snakes are kinder to each other than to mankind.

C.Snakes have special preferences for their partners.

D.Snakes also need social contacts and close friends.

2.Why can friendships among animals be researched better than before?

A.Because of the unique experiment by Skinner.

B.Because of more social support and better equipment.

C.More researchers are gathering and analyzing the data.

D.More people are changing their attitude toward animals.

3.In which way is snakes’ friendship special?

A.Snakes’ friendship does not last long.

B.Snakes prefer the opposite sex as friends.

C.Snakes make friends for the benefit of themselves.

D.Snakes are not particular about whom to make friends with.

4.What’s the main idea of the text?

A.Snakes may also have friends.

B.Snakes are good at making friends.

C.Snakes can live with us peacefully.

D.Snakes will never feel lonely.

    Global warming happens when greenhouse gases trap heat and light from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere, which increases the temperature. This is like when heat is trapped in a car. On a hot day, the car gets hotter when it is out in the parking lot. This is because the heat and light from the sun can get into the car, by going through the windows，but it can’t get back out. This is what the greenhouse effect does to the earth .The heat and light can get through the atmosphere, but it can’t get out .As a result, the temperature rises.

Sometimes the temperature can change in a way that helps us. The greenhouse effect makes the earth appropriate for people to live on. Without it, the earth would be freezing, or it would be burning hot. It would be freezing at night because we would not get the sun’s heat and light. During the day, especially during the summer, it would be burning because the sun would be up with no atmosphere to filter(过滤) it, so people, plants, and animals would be exposed to all the light and heat.

Although the greenhouse effect makes the earth able to have people living on it, if there gets to be too many gases, the each can get unusually warmer, and many plants, animals and people will die. Plants would die because they would not be able to take the heat .This would cause us to have less food to eat, and it would also limit the food that animals have. With less food for the animals that we need to survive we would even have less food. Gradually, people, plants, and animals would all die of hunger.

People are doing many things to try to stop global warming. One thing is carpooling-driving with someone to a place that you are both going to. Another thing is being more careful about leaving electrical devices turned on. Now, more people are even riding buses or bikes to lower the amount of greenhouse gases in the air .Although adults do many things to help stop global warming, kids call do just as much.

1.By the example given in Paragraph l, the author wants to__________.

A.explain how global warming happens

B.show his feeling in a car in hot summer

C.tell us cars are causes of greenhouse gases

D.say that I there are greenhouse gases in every car

2.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to__________.

A.light B.greenhouse effect

C.temperature D.heat

3.What is the effect of atmosphere?

A.IT only traps the heat of the sun.

B.It does great harm to humans.

C.It makes the earth neither to hot nor too cold.

D.It prevents all the light from the sun shining on the earth.

4.What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

A.lf there is greenhouse effect all the plants will die

B.Human beings are likely to disappear from the earth

C.Crops can’t take in the heat lf there is greenhouse effect

D.Although greenhouse effect is necessary. Too much of it will cause us to die.

    While Andrew was getting ready for work one Friday morning, he announced to his wife that he had finally decided to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Andrew felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr Larchmont refused to grant his request? Andrew had worked so hard in the last 18 months and landed some great accounts for Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.

The thought of walking into Larchmont’s office left Andrew weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever-frugal(一向节俭的)Harvey Larchmont agreed to give Andrew a raise!

Andrew arrived home that evening—despite breaking all city and state speed limits—to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Tina, had prepared a delicate meal including his favorite dishes. Immediately he figured someone from the office had tipped her off!

Next to his plate Andrew found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: “Congratulations, my love! I knew you’d get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!” He read it and stopped to reflect on how sensitive and caring Tina was.

After dinner, Andrew was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Tina’s pocket onto the floor. He bent forward to pick it up. It read: “Don’t worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase.”

Suddenly tears swelled in Andrew’s eyes. Total acceptance! Tina’s support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.

The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.

1.What was Andrew’s plan that Friday?

A.To request a wage increase from his boss.

B.To get a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.

C.To celebrate his success with his wife at home.

D.To ask his boss to come for dinner.

2.On his way back home, Andrew _________.

A.felt weak in the knees

B.was punished by the traffic policeman

C.was too anxious to share the news

D.couldn’t wait to enjoy a meal

3.Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?

A.Andrew was afraid that his request would lead to disaster.

B.Andrew had worked very hard and done his part for the company.

C.Andrew’s boss agreed to his request.

D.One of Andrew’s colleagues had told his wife the good news.

4.We can conclude from the text that ______.

A.we should never be afraid to ask for what is due to us

B.work hard and you will be rewarded

C.many fears turn out to be unfounded

D.unconditional love brings courage and strength