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2010年黑龙江省五大连池市等五校联谊高一下学期期末考试
一、选择题
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1. 难度:简单

胚芽鞘产生生长素的部位,感受单侧光刺激的部位和弯曲生长的部位分别是(  )

A.尖端、尖端、尖端                                 B.尖端、尖端、尖端下面的部分

C.尖端、尖端下面的部分、尖端下面的部分    D.尖端、尖端下面部分、尖端

 

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2. 难度:简单

在人体下列结构中,不直接参与体温调节的是                        (  )

A.下丘脑   B.皮肤                    C.大脑皮层的中央前回                 D.肾上腺

 

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3. 难度:简单

结扎小狗的胰管,正常进食,小狗出现的症状是                     (  )

A.生长发育立即停止 B.血糖浓度明显升高  C.消化不良    D.尿量减少,体温偏高

 

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4. 难度:简单

下列属于生态系统食物网特征的是                                  (  )

A.一种生物只能被另一种生物捕食    B.食物链的环节数是无限的

C.一种生物可能属于不同的营养级    D.食物网上的生物之间都是捕食关系

 

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5. 难度:简单

生态系统的稳定性与营养结构复杂程度的关系曲线正确的是

说明: 6ec8aac122bd4f6e

 

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6. 难度:简单

下列属于人在寒冷环境中的身体变化是                      (  )

①皮肤血管收缩   ②增加皮肤的血流量  ③汗腺分泌增多

④汗液几乎不分泌  ⑤代谢活动增强

A.①④⑤      B.①②⑤                       C.④⑤                 D.②③

 

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7. 难度:简单

当一个人突然遇见很危险的情境时,血中肾上腺素的含量立即上升,产生多种生理反应,这一生理调节过程属于                                   (  )

A.神经调节   B.神经一体液调节  C.体液调节        D.激素调节

 

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8. 难度:简单

下列有关生态系统结构的叙述,正确的是                             (  )

A.每种生物在生态系统中只能处在一个营养级上

B.动物都属于消费者,其中食草动物处于第二营养级

C.自养生物都是生产者,是生态系统的主要成分

D.细菌都属于分解者,其异化作用类型有需氧型和厌氧型两类

 

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9. 难度:简单

决定反射时间长短的主要因素是                                   (  )

A.刺激强度的大小                B.感受器的兴奋性

C.中枢突触数目的多少             D.效应器的兴奋性

 

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10. 难度:简单

生态系统的营养结构是                                        (   )

A.食物链和食物网    B.群落的垂直结构和水平结构

C.群落和无机环境    D.物质循环和能量流动

 

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11. 难度:简单

从生态系统的组成成分看,硝化细菌和蚯蚓分别属于                  (  )                

A.生产者、消费者  B.生产者、分解者  C.分解者、消费者  D.消费者、分解者

 

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12. 难度:简单

下列有关生态学方面的叙述.正确的是                              (  )

A.农田生态系统的种群密度和群落结构一般能够长期处于较稳定的状态

B.不同的细菌在生态系统中可能是生产者、消费者或分解者

C.生态系统的营养结构越复杂.生态系统的抵抗力稳定性就越弱

D.根据生态学原理制作小生态瓶时,要注意保证光照,及时换气

 

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13. 难度:简单

在反射活动中能够起分析综合作用的部分是                        ( )

A.神经中枢     B.传入神经      C.传出神经        D.感受器

 

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14. 难度:简单

下列各项中不属于影响稳态的因素是                   ( )

A.温度      B.酶          C. pH值        D.渗透压

 

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15. 难度:简单

我国大气污染的类型属于                                          (  )

A.煤炭型污染            B.石油型     C.粉尘型            D.SO2污染型

 

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16. 难度:简单

要使一生态系统长期存在,除了非生物的物质和能量外,至少必须具有(  )

A. 生产者和分解者                                B.生产者和消费者

C. 消费者和分解者                             D.生产者和人

 

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17. 难度:简单

一个自然群落中的一条普通食物链的顺序是                         (  )

A.自养生物→食草动物→异养生物  B.自养生物→食草动物→次级消费者

C.异养生物→食草动物→次级消费者D.自养生物→次级消费者→异养生物

 

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18. 难度:简单

以下关于生态系统的能量流动的叙述中,哪一项是不正确的           (  )

A.能量流动是单向的、不循环的

B.食物链越短,可供终级消费者获得的能量越多

C.初级消费者越多,次级消费者获得的能量越少

D.营养级越多,散失的能量越多

 

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19. 难度:简单

在“青草→食草昆虫→蜘蛛→食虫鸟→猫头鹰”的这条食物链中,占生态系统总能量比例最多和最少的消费者依次是                                   (  )

A.猫头鹰和食虫昆虫                   B.青草和猫头鹰

C.食草昆虫和猫头鹰                   D.食草昆虫和青草

 

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20. 难度:简单

下列关于种群和群落的叙述中,不正确的是                         (  )

A.种群是物种进化的单位              B.群落总是处在不断发展变化之中

C.种群是群落的构成单位              D.种群内各种生物总是斗争激烈

 

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21. 难度:简单

广东省的鼎湖山是我国建立的第一个国家级自然保护区,因其完整保存了具有400多年历史的地带性植被——南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林,被中外科学家誉为“北回归线沙漠带上的绿洲”。建立该自然保护区的主要目的是为了保护     (  )

A.生态系统       B.种群        C.群落         D.物种

 

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22. 难度:简单

调查木本植物种群密度时,不具有代表性的样本应该是(   )

A.随机取样  B.样方面积为1m2   C.样本数量足够大  D.调查期无大量砍伐

 

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23. 难度:简单

很多同学都曾尝试设计制作小生态瓶,但有相当一部分同学的设计并不成功。下面罗列了设计生态瓶应遵循的原理,其中不合理的是              (  )

A.瓶内各种生物之间应有营养上的联系          B.瓶内生态系统应获得充足的能量供应

C.应定时向瓶内通气,保证生物的有氧呼吸 D.瓶内各种生物的数量搭配应

 

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24. 难度:简单

在人体内环境中可以发生的生理过程是                            (  )

A.抗体与相应的抗原发生特异性的结合 B.血浆蛋白和血红蛋白的合成

C.丙酮酸氧化分解产生二氧化碳和水   D.食物中的淀粉经消化分解成葡萄糖

 

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25. 难度:简单

在下列关于生态系统的叙述中不正确的是                          (  )

A.海洋对调节大气CO2含量起重要作用       B.消费者通过同化作用获得有机物

C.生态系统中的营养级一般不超过4-5个

D.生态系统的生物成员之间都存在着捕食关系

 

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26. 难度:简单

在我国西部大开发战略中,“保护天然林”和“退耕还林(草)”是两项重要内容。采取这两项措施的首要目标是                                  (  )

A.开展生态旅游  B.发展畜牧业   C.增加木材产量  D.改善生态环境

 

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27. 难度:简单

下列运动中,属于向性运动的是                                   (  )

A.植物的根向地生长,茎背地生长  B.碟类白天活动,蛾类夜间活动

C.触碰含羞草的小叶,小叶立即合拢,叶柄下垂

D.捕虫草的叶子受到昆虫触碰时,立即闭合将其捕捉

 

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28. 难度:简单

栽培的番茄,因某种原因不能完成受精作用,可用生长素溶液涂于花蕾上,此时生长素的作用是                                               (  )

A.促进受精作用  B.促进子房壁发育  C.促进染色体加倍  D.促进胚珠发育为种子

 

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29. 难度:简单

人们利用人工合成的性引诱剂诱杀农业害虫的方法,目的是破坏该害虫种群的(  )

A.密度       B.性别比例          C.年龄组成     D.个体数量

 

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30. 难度:简单

在闷热的房间里开会,有的人容易打“哈欠”,其调节方式是          (  )

A.神经调节     B.体液调节     C.神经—体液调节       D.激素调节

 

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31. 难度:简单

在生态系统中能将太阳能转化为生物群落中化学能的是             (  )                     

A.蚯蚓          B.硝化细菌       C.小麦    D.酵母菌

 

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32. 难度:简单

能加快物质循环、并对植物的传粉和种子的传播具有重要作用的是     (  )           

A.生产者        B.空气          C.分解者       D.消费者

 

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33. 难度:简单

下列与免疫失调无关的疾病是                                     (  )

A.过敏性鼻炎        B.血友病      C.艾滋病      D.系统性红班狼疮

 

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34. 难度:简单

下列物质中不应该出现在内环境中的是                             ( )

A.神经递质    B.氨基酸    C.呼吸氧化酶    D.组织胺

 

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35. 难度:简单

到南极考察的科学工作者,为了保护环境,除了必须把塑料以及金属类废弃物带离南极外,还必须把人体尿液、粪便等废物带离南极,这是因为南极   (  )                                 

A.分解者很少   B.缺少生产者  C.没有消费者   D.缺乏必要的生活设施

 

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36. 难度:简单

下列各项措施中,最能提高一个生态系统的稳定性的是               (  )

A.减少肉食动物和寄生生物的数量     B.平衡生产者和消费者的数量

C.增加物种的数量                   D.植树造林,增加绿色植物的数量

 

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37. 难度:简单

当一只蚜虫受到攻击时,就会放出一种起警告作用的化学物质,以便使邻近的蚜虫迅速逃避敌害,这种现象所属的特征及信息传递类型分别是        (   )

A.种内互助,化学信息               B.种内互助,行为信息

C.种间互助,化学信息               D.种内互助,物理信息

 

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38. 难度:简单

大面积烧伤护理不当时,易发生感染而引起严重后果,这主要是由于  (  )

A.特异性免疫能力减弱                   B.非特异性免疫能力减弱

C.体液大量损失                             D.营养物质得不到及时补充

 

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39. 难度:简单

野生生物资源具有①直接利用价值②间接利用价值③潜在利用价值    (  )

A.①②        B.①③              C.②③      D.①②③

 

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40. 难度:简单

“水华”的发生是受什么危害                                      (  )

A.酸雨的危害                       B.富营养化的危害

C.重金属的危害                            D.有毒化学药品的危害

 

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41. 难度:简单

下列关于自然保护区意义的叙述中,不正确的是                     (  )

A.使生态系统营养结构稳定不变    B.为引种驯化提供科学依据

C.为大量繁殖提供种源            D.为培育新品种提供原始材料

 

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42. 难度:简单

城市生态系统是人类主导作用的生态系统,生物种类十分少,营养结构简单,相比于其他生态系统数量最少的是:                              (  )

A.人类         B.生产者       C.消费者       D.分解者

 

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43. 难度:简单

螳螂捕蝉,黄雀在后”。此成语所隐含的食物链具有的营养级数至少为(  )

A.2个            B.3个             C.4个          D.5个

 

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44. 难度:简单

初级消费者体内的能量去向不包括                                       (  )

A.部分被分解者利用              B.部分以热能形式散失

C.部分用于自身的生命活动          D.部分被第二营养级摄取

 

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45. 难度:简单

如果一只老虎的食物有1/2来自初级消费者,1/2来自次级消费者,假如能量的传递效率为10%,那么该老虎每增加2kg的体重,约消耗植物        (  )

A.1500kg            B.1100kg          C.1750kg            D、1250kg

 

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46. 难度:简单

生态系统的基本功能不包括的是(  )

A.物质循环       B.能量流动     C.信息传递       D.适应环境

 

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47. 难度:简单

制作泡菜时,乳酸菌产生的乳酸抑制其他微生物的生长,当乳酸积累到一定浓度时,还会抑制同种其他个体的增殖,这种现象包括                 (  )

A.竞争            B.共生           C.寄生             D.种内斗争

 

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48. 难度:简单

下列关于生态系统中能量流动和碳循环的说法中,不正确的是        (  )

A.都是沿着食物链(网)进行的        B.都与光合作用和呼吸作用有关

C.碳循环以无机环境的CO2为起点,能量流动以光能为起点

D.碳循环的同时伴随着能量流动

 

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49. 难度:简单

下列与自然界的碳循环关系最密切的两种细胞器是                  ( )

A.线粒体和染色体                   B.叶绿体和核糖体

C.叶绿体和线粒体                   D.核糖体和内质网

 

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50. 难度:简单

遇海难而漂浮在海面的人,因缺乏淡水,此人                      (  )

A.血浆渗透压升高,抗利尿激素增加   B.血浆渗透压升高,抗利尿激素减少

C.血浆渗透压降低,抗利尿激素增加   D.血浆渗透压降低,抗利尿激素减少                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

 

二、填空题
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51. 难度:简单

(每空2分,共18分)根据下面的碳循环示意图回答问题:

说明: 6ec8aac122bd4f6e

(1)从微观上看,过程③主要是在细胞内                 进行的。

(2)碳从无机环境进入生物群落的主要途径①是         ;碳主要以    的形式从无机环境进入生物群落。

(3)参与过程④的生物新陈代谢类型是                              

它们与同区域中的动、植物共同构成了         

(4)太阳光能照射到地球表面后,大部分被吸收并通过各种方式转化为热量,热量最后以             形式再辐射;太阳光能在植物体内的转换过程为                                         

(5)碳循环的进行伴随着能量流动;但由于生物体不能在代谢中利用            ,因而能量流动具有                            的特点。

 

详细信息
52. 难度:简单

(13分)下图为人体神经元细胞模式图。请据图回答:

说明: 6ec8aac122bd4f6e

(1)(3分)④中的物质释放到⑤的方式是         ,它的形成主要和细胞质中

(  )        有关,并需要(  )      提供能量。

(2)(3分)若其人身体健康,则该细胞中有无酪氨酸酶基因?为什么?

(3)(1分)若刺激A点,图中电流计B将偏转         次。

(4)(2分)若①中含有一病基因,则其人该病基因来自其祖母的几率为      

(5)(3分)脂肪肝患者多食动物的神经组织有利于缓解病情,原因是神经元结构中含有            而使其       面积大大增加,因而细胞中含有丰富的            

(6)(1分)若抑制该细胞的呼吸作用,发现神经纤维在一次兴奋后,其细胞膜不能再恢复到外正内负的状态,这说明神经元在恢复到静息状态时,其带电离子通过细胞膜的方式为           

 

详细信息
53. 难度:简单

(6分)右图为高等动物体内甲状腺活动调节示意图。请据图回答:

说明: 6ec8aac122bd4f6e

(1)图中①表示          激素,②表示          激素。

(2)若给该动物注射一定量激素③,血液中激素①和②的浓度的变化是               ;若切除该动物的甲状腺,血液中激素①和②的浓度的变化是           

(3)婴幼儿缺乏激素        (填图中序号)会患呆小症,如果及时补充该激素可以使其恢复正常发育。这种激素在生长发育方面和       激素是协同关系。

 

详细信息
54. 难度:简单

(8分)下图示为某种群在不同生态环境中的增长曲线,请仔细分析图中曲线后回答下列问题:

说明: 6ec8aac122bd4f6e

(1)(2分)处在一个理想的环境中,没有资源和空间的限制,种群内个体增长曲线是________(填代号);当种群置于有限制的自然环境中,种群内的增长曲线是___________。

(2)2分)影响种群密度的主要因素是种群的_______      和___________     

(3)下列对阴影部分的解释正确的是(   )

①表示环境中影响种群增长的阻力  ②表示环境中允许种群增长的最大值

③表示种群内迁出的个体数        ④表示通过生存斗争被淘汰的个体数

 

详细信息
55. 难度:简单

(7分)生态系统中各组成成分关系的图【解析】

说明: 6ec8aac122bd4f6e

(1)流入该生态系统的总能量是由        所固定的太阳能。

(2)此图中获得能量最少的生物是                      ;能量最多的生物是_____________________.

(3)碳元素在生物群落与无机环境之间主要以            形式进行循环。

(4)该系统中有        条食物链,蛇是第        营养级。

(5)生态系统的碳循环是指碳在生物群落和        之间以CO2的形式进行的。

 

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