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2012-2013学年江苏省盐城市高三上学期学情调研考试物理试卷(解析版)
一、选择题
详细信息
1. 难度:中等

风洞是进行空气动力学实验的一种主要设备。某兴趣小组为了检验一飞机模型的性能,对该模型进行了模拟风洞实验,该实验的示意图如图,其中AB代表飞机模型的截面,OL为飞机模型的牵引绳。已知风向水平,飞机模型重为G,当牵引绳水平时,飞机模型恰好静止在空中,此时飞机平面与水平面的夹角为θ,则作用于飞机上的风力大小为

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

A.6ec8aac122bd4f6e                 B.Gcosθ

C.6ec8aac122bd4f6e                 D.Gsinθ

 

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2. 难度:中等

无极变速可以在变速范围内任意连续地变换速度,性能优于传统的档位变速器,很多种高档汽车都应用无极变速。如图所示是截锥式无极变速模型示意图,两个锥轮之间有一个滚动轮,主动轮、滚动轮、从动轮之间靠着彼此之间的摩擦力带动。当位于主动轮和从动轮之间的滚动轮从左向右移动时,从动轮转速增加。当滚动轮位于主动轮直径D1、从动轮直径D2的位置时,主动轮转速n1、从动轮转速n2的关系是

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

A.6ec8aac122bd4f6e         B.6ec8aac122bd4f6e  

C.6ec8aac122bd4f6e      D.6ec8aac122bd4f6e

 

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3. 难度:中等

一个物体在多个力的作用下处于静止状态,如果仅使其中一个力的大小逐渐减小到零,然后又从零逐渐恢复到原来的大小(此力的方向始终未变),而在这一过程中其余各力均不变。那么,图中能正确描述该过程中物体速度变化情况的是

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

 

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4. 难度:中等

物体导电是由其中的自由电荷定向移动引起的,这些可以移动的自由电荷又叫载流子。金属导体的载流子是自由电子,现代广泛应用的半导体材料分为两大类:一类是N型半导体,它的载流子为电子;另一类是P型半导体,它的载流子为“空穴”,相当于带正电的粒子,如果把某种材料制成的长方体放在匀强磁场中,磁场方向如图所示,且与前后侧面垂直,长方体中通有方向水平向右的电流,设长方体的上下表面M、N的电势分别为φM和φN,则下列判断中正确的是

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

A.如果是P型半导体,有φm>φn

B.如果是N型半导体,有φm<φn

C.如果是P型半导体,有φm<φn

D.如果是金属导体,有φm<φn

 

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5. 难度:中等

如图所示的电路中,电源电动势为E,内阻不能忽略.闭合电键S,电灯正常发光.再将滑动变阻器的滑片P稍向左移动一段距离,下列说法正确的是

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

A.电流表、电压表的读数均变小

B.电容器所带电荷量不变

C.电源的总功率变大

D.小灯泡L变暗

 

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6. 难度:中等

三个点电荷电荷量分别为+2q、-q、-q,它们周围的电场线如图所示,其中一条电场线上有A、B两点.下列说法正确的是

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A.A点的场强小于B点场强

B.A点的电势高于B点电势

C.将一正点电荷从A点移到B点,电场力做负功

D.将一正点电荷从A点由静止释放,仅在电场力作用下,它将沿电场线运动到B点

 

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7. 难度:中等

2010年10月1日,我国第二颗探月卫星“嫦娥二号”成功发射,“嫦娥二号”最终进入距月面h=200km的圆形工作轨道,开始进行科学探测活动,设月球半径为R,月球表面的重力加速度为g,万有引力常量为G,则下列说法正确的是       

 A.嫦娥二号绕月球运行的周期为6ec8aac122bd4f6e                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

 B.月球的平均密度为6ec8aac122bd4f6e

 C.嫦娥二号在工作轨道上的绕行速度为6ec8aac122bd4f6e

 D.在嫦娥二号的工作轨道处的重力加速度为g6ec8aac122bd4f6e

 

详细信息
8. 难度:中等

如图是某种静电矿料分选器的原理示意图,带电矿粉经漏斗落入水平匀强电场后,分落在收集板中央的两侧,对矿粉分离的过程,下列表述正确的有

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A.带正电的矿粉落在右侧

B.电场力对矿粉做正功

C.带负电的矿粉电势能变大

D.带正电的矿粉电势能变小

 

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9. 难度:中等

如下图所示,虚线间空间存在由匀强电场E和匀强磁场B组成的正交或平行的电场和磁场,有一个带正电荷的小球(电荷量为+q,质量为m)从正交或平行的电磁混合场上方的某一高度自由落下,那么,带电小球可能沿直线通过下列的哪个电磁混合场

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

 

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10. 难度:中等

以下叙述正确的是         (     )

A.法拉第发现了电磁感应现象

B.惯性是物体的固有属性,速度大的物体惯性一定大

C.牛顿最早通过理想斜面实验得出力不是维持物体运动的必然结果

D.感应电流遵从楞次定律所描述的方向,这是能量守恒定律的必然结果

 

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11. 难度:中等

老师做了一个奇妙的“跳环实验”。如图所示,她把一个带铁芯的线圈、开关和电源用导线连接起来后,将一金属套环置于线圈上,且使铁芯穿过套环。闭合开关的瞬间,套环立刻跳起。某同学另找来器材再探究此实验。他连接好电路,经重复试验,线圈上的套环均末动。对比老师演示的实验,下列四个选项中,导致套环未动的原因可能是   

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A.线圈接在了直流电源上     B.线圈中有一匝断了

C.所选线圈的匝数过多       D.所用套环的材料与老师的不同

 

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12. 难度:中等

如图,表面光滑的固定斜面顶端安装一定滑轮,小物块A、B用轻绳连接并跨过滑轮(不计滑轮的质量和摩擦)。初始时刻,A、B处于同一高度并恰好静止状态。剪断两物块    轻绳后A下落、B沿斜面下滑,则从剪断轻绳到物块着地

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A.速率的变化量相同     B.机械能的变化量不同

C.重力势能的变化量相同 D.重力做功的平均功率相同

 

二、实验题
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13. 难度:中等

某研究性学习小组利用气垫导轨进行验证机械能守恒定律实验,实验装置如图甲所示。将气垫导轨水平放置,在气垫导轨上相隔一定距离的两点处安装两个光电传感器A、B,滑块P上固定有遮光条,若光线被遮光条遮挡,光电传感器会输出高电平,两光电传感器再通过一个或门电路与计算机相连。滑块在细线的牵引下向左加速运动,遮光条经过光电传感器A、B时,通过计算机可以得到如图乙所示的电平随时间变化的图象。

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⑴实验前,接通气源,将滑块(不挂钩码)置于气垫导轨上,轻推滑块,则图乙中的Δt1、Δt2间满足            关系,则说明气垫导轨已经水平。

⑵用游标卡尺测遮光条宽度d ,测量结果如图丙所示,则d =            mm。

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               图丙

(3)用细线通过气垫导轨左端的定滑轮将滑块P与质量为m的钩码Q相连,将滑块P由如图甲所示位置释放,通过计算机得到的图像如图乙所示,若Δt1、Δt2和d已知,要验证机械能是否守恒,还应测出                      (写出物理量的名称及符号)。

(4)若上述物理量间满足关系式                ,则表明在滑块和砝码的运动过程中,系统的机械能守恒。

 

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14. 难度:中等

两位同学在实验室利用如图(a)所示的电路测定定值电阻R。、电源的电动势E和内电阻r,调节滑动变阻器的滑动触头P向某一方向移动时,一个同学记录了电流表A和电压表V1  的测量数据,另一同学记录的是电流表A和电压表V2的测量数据,并根据数据分别描绘了如图(b)所示的两条U-I直线,回答下列问题:

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(1)根据甲乙两同学描绘的直线,可知甲同学是根据电压表      (填“V1”或“V2”)和电流表A的数据描绘的图线,并可以测得         和           (填写物理量符号及计算结果);乙同学是根据电压表      (填“V1”或“V2”)和电流表A的数据描绘的图线,并可以测得      (填写物理量符号及计算结果)

(2)该电路中电流表的读数          (填:“可能”或“不可能”)达到0.6A,理由是                                   

 

三、计算题
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15. 难度:中等

如图,一个质量为0.6kg 的小球以某一初速度从P点水平抛出,恰好从光滑圆弧ABC的A点的切线方向进入圆弧(不计空气阻力,进入圆弧时无机械能损失)。已知圆弧的半径R=0.3m,θ=60 0,小球到达A点时的速度 v=4 m/s。(取g =10 m/s2)求:

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

(1)小球做平抛运动的初速度v0

(2)P点与A点的水平距离和竖直高度;

(3)小球到达圆弧最高点C时对轨道的压力。

 

详细信息
16. 难度:中等

如图a所示,一个电阻值为R=1Ω ,匝数为n=100的圆形金属线与阻值为2R的电阻R1连结成闭合回路。线圈的半径为r1=12cm . 在线圈中半径为r2=10cm的圆形区域存在垂直于线圈平面向里的匀强磁场,磁感应强度B随时间t变化的关系图线如图b所示。图线与横、纵轴的截距分别为t0=10s和B0=3T . 导线的电阻不计。求0至t1=6s的时间内

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

(a)

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(1)通过电阻R1上的电流大小和方向;

(2)通过电阻R1上的电量q及电阻R1上产生的热量。

 

详细信息
17. 难度:中等

如图所示的滑轮,它可以绕垂直于纸面的光滑固定水平轴O转动,轮上绕有轻质柔软细线,线的一端系一质量为3m的重物,另一端系一质量为m,电阻为r的金属杆.在竖直平面内有间距为L的足够长的平行金属导轨PQ、EF,在QF之间连接有阻值为R的电阻,其余电阻不计,磁感应强度为Bo的匀强磁场与导轨平面垂直,开始时金属杆置于导轨下端QF处,将重物由静止释放,当重物下降h时恰好达到稳定速度而匀速下降.运动过程中金属杆始终与导轨垂直且接触良好,忽略所有摩擦,求:

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

(1)重物匀速下降的速度v;

(2)重物从释放到下降h的过程中,电阻R中产生的焦耳热QR

(3)若将重物下降h时的时刻记作t=0,速度计为v0,从此时刻起,磁感应强度逐渐减小,若此后金属杆中恰好不产生感应电流,则磁感应强度B怎样随时间t变化(写出B与t的关系式).

 

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18. 难度:中等

如图甲所示,相隔一定距离的竖直边界两侧为相同的匀强磁场区,磁场方向垂直纸面向里,在边界上固定两长为L的平行金属极板MN和PQ,两极板中心各有一小孔6ec8aac122bd4f6e6ec8aac122bd4f6e,两极板间电压的变化规律如图乙所示,正反向电压的大小均为6ec8aac122bd4f6e,周期为6ec8aac122bd4f6e。在6ec8aac122bd4f6e时刻将一个质量为6ec8aac122bd4f6e、电量为6ec8aac122bd4f6e6ec8aac122bd4f6e)的粒子由6ec8aac122bd4f6e静止释放,粒子在电场力的作用下向右运动,在6ec8aac122bd4f6e时刻通过6ec8aac122bd4f6e垂直于边界进入右侧磁场区。(不计粒子重力,不考虑极板外的电场)

(1)求粒子到达6ec8aac122bd4f6e时的速度大小6ec8aac122bd4f6e和极板距离6ec8aac122bd4f6e

(2)为使粒子不与极板相撞,求磁感应强度的大小应满足的条件。

(3)若已保证了粒子未与极板相撞,为使粒子在t=2T0时刻再次到达6ec8aac122bd4f6e,且速度恰好为零,求该过程中粒子在磁场内运动的周期。

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

 

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