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My grandfather grew up in war-torn Europe. When German soldiers occupied his hometown ,the thriving city of Tarow, Poland, he refused to obey them and eventually joined the Soviet army to fight for his country’s freedom . “Stand straight, stand tall,” he told himself. After the war, in 1947, he boarded a boat for Manhattan. He was hungry and suffering from seasickness. All alone in a new country, he was frightened about his future .Still, he marched head-on into the hustle and bustle of the streets of New York . Soon he met other European immigrants, each of them trying to find his or her own way .If they could do it, why couldn’t he? “Stand straight, stand tall,” he would remind himself. Thanks to the help of a loyal and trusting friend, my grandfather gained a jewelry booth on Canal Street, New York City .He once told me how nervous he was on that first day of work. He was not only trying to learn this tough new business, but also a new language. To his surprise, the men in neighboring booths—who could have taken advantage of him—offered their help and advice. Within months, my grandfather was commanding his spot behind the counter, selling diamonds and cultured pearls as if he’d been doing it his whole life. Stand straight and stand tall. In later years, my grandfather would take both my mother and her sister down the aisle at their weddings. As he stood with each of them, he thought about their new beginnings, and of the adventures and journeys they would experience together .He also thought about the children who would one day carry on his family name. I am so proud to be one of those children. Listening to my grandfather’s remarkable experiences has changed the way I view my own life. 56．Which is the correct order of the things that happened in the passage? a. My grandfather took both my mother and her sister down the aisle at their weddings. b. World War II broke out in Europe. c. My grandfather went to America. d. My grandfather began to run his diamond business. e. The men in neighboring booths helped him. A．b, c, a ,d, e B．b, c,d ,e ,a C．b, c ,e , a ,d D．c, b ,e ,d ,a 57．Which is NOT true according to the passage? A．My grandfather was a soldier during World War II. B．My grandfather went to America by sea. C．My grandfather had been doing a jewelry business his whole life. D．My grandfather ran his business successfully. 58．Grandpa probably inspired his grandchildren in time of trouble by saying “ ”. A．A friend in need is a friend indeed B．God help those who help themselves C．Stand straight ,stand tall D．Practice makes perfect 59．It can be concluded that . A．Grandpa never lost heart in time of hardships B．Grandpa never threw doubt upon his fate C．Grandpa was born to be a businessman D．Grandpa didn’t live up to his friend’s expectations
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C The words “timetable” and “schedule” make most final year students want to eat their own vomit（呕吐物）. Unfortunately, the harsh reality is that final year students must develop a timetable. If you don’t have a schedule or plan for studying ,you will have no way of allocating your valuable time when the unexpected arises. A well-thought-out timetable can be a lifesaver . It is up to you to learn how to develop a schedule that meets your needs .Change it if necessary ,but most important ,follow it . All timetables should be made with the idea that they can be changed. A good one will keep you from wandering off course. A good timetable should make every hour count—every class ,social event and other activity you engage in .You must focus on the other “free time” available and how you will use it .Make a weekly schedule and divided each day into one-hour increments .Indicate times for classes ,socializing ,and work time. Also block off a period for sleeping every day. In the precious hours left over ,plan time for study .This gives you a rough road map of the time available. Of course ,you can change your schedule as circumstances need. The timetable you develop should guide you in how to distribute the available time in the most productive manner .Sticking to your schedule can be tough ,but don’t dribble away valuable time. Avoiding study is the easiest thing in the world .It is up to you to follow the schedule you’ve prepared .A good deal of your success in high school and with any future study depends on this simple truth. Remember ,there is a learning curve. You learn the most in the first 30 minutes of study; after that ,it progressively deteriorates（减弱）. After four or five hours of studying the same material in the same way, you are learning virtually nothing. The solution is to keep switching subjects and study styles. 64．What is the best title of the passage? A．Advantages of starting a timetable B．Keep to it ,and you will succeed C．Make a schedule ,and follow it D．Learn to love your timetable 65．What does Paragraph 2 talk about? A．Tips for making a schedule. B．Significance of a scientific timetable. C．Requirements for making a timetable. D．Importance of following one’s schedule. 66．The following are characteristics of a good timetable EXCEPT that . A．it can be changed B．it is flexible C．it is of many periods D．it can save our time 67．From this passage ,we can learn if we wish to achieve high learning efficiency, we’d better . A．shift subjects and use different methods regularly B．devote to the same material continuously C．turn to teachers for help if necessary D．have a break every thirty minutes
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D The decision to enter F1 and compete at the highest level of motorsport was an intended move by Toyota, the world’s third largest auto manufacturer ,to further challenge its own capabilities. By going head-to-head with the industry’s top performers on the world’s premier racing stage ,the Japanese giant was setting itself a huge task. A sport with an enormous international following, the risks of entering the F1 arena are high—but there are rich rewards for those who succeed .Besides being a showcase for state-of-the-art technology, the intense competition in this most demanding of racing disciplines leaves no room for self-satisfaction. More importantly, it fosters（培养）the kind of forward-thinking team spirit that Toyota is seeking. While F1 benefited greatly from the added prestige of having such a distinguished newcomer among its competitors ,the demands placed on Panasonic Toyota Racing last year revealed the shortcomings of not having enough experience as a team .Mistakes were made and valuable lessons were learned ,among which was the fundamental truth: “To stand still in F1 is to go backwards.” With the past in mind ,preparations for the 2003 season included sweeping changes on both the technical and personnel（人事的）sides. The management at Toyota Motorsport GmbH was restructured , with John Howett moving from Toyota Motor Marketing Europe to become President ,thus enabling the company founder , Ove Andersson ,more time to concentrate on the operation of the race team at the track .Andersson’s value as an inspirational leader was one of the team’s biggest assets（财富）in 2002. 68．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? A．To go backwards ,Toyota has to stand still. B．If Toyota doesn’t make improvements ,they will fall behind. C．Keeping calm will help go forward. D．In order to keep up with other teams ,Toyota has to stand still. 69．We can learn from the passage that . A．Toyota entered F1 to enlarge its market. B．Entering F1 is low risk but rich rewarding. C．Toyota team has always been experienced. D．Toyota made good preparations for the 2003 season. 70．What will the next paragraph talk about if the passage goes on? A．Preparations for the 2003 season. B．The value of Ove Andersson. C．How to improve the European market. D．Changes on technical side.
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（二） A How Do Animals Catch Their ZZZ’s? Different creatures have developed some pretty creative ways to get their rest and stay safe. The lizard（蜥蝎）likes to sleep at the far end of small branches hanging out over a pond or lake in the rain forest. If a snake tries to slither up the branch to eat it ,it will shake the branch and knock the lizard off ,and the lizard will fall safely into the water. Chameleons can change color to match their surroundings in order to hide even while sleeping. Corillas（大猩猩）like to sleep high in the trees. They build a new bed every night, sometimes taking up to half an hour to pile branches ,twigs ,and leaves into a comfortable bed .Birds also find it safe to sleep in the trees, but unless they have eggs or young chicks ,they don’t use a nest .They just lock their feet around a branch and hang on .A special tendon（腱）in their legs in automatically tight when they are at rest ,so they won’t let go and fall. Dolphins live underwater ,but must come to the surface to breather .Scientists now believe that dolphins may sleep with only half their brain, while the other half stays awake to keep them safe and breathing. Seals also do this ,lying on their sides on the surface of the water with one flipper underwater paddling to keep their noses above the surface. Some ducks may also have this ability, and actually sleep with one eye closed and one eye open. 56．How many animals are mentioned in this passage? A．6. B．7. C．8. D．9. 57．How does a chameleon protect itself while sleeping? A．By changing its body colors. B．By hinging out over a pond. C．By sleeping with half their brain. D．By making beds with branches. 58．Why will not birds fall when they are at rest? A．They build nests and sleep in them. B．They fall asleep automatically. C．They have a loose tendon in their legs. D．They lock their feet around a branch. 59．What does the writer intend to tell us? A．The cleverest animal is the gorilla because it can make beds. B．Differences in habitat could lead to different living habits. C．The ways animals catch their ZZZ’s are pretty much he same . D．In order to protect themselves most animals choose not to sleep.
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B But I wonder about my Momma sometimes, and all the other Negro(blacks )mothers who got up at 6 a.m. to go to the white man’s house with sacks over their shoes because it was so wet and cold. I wonder how they made it .They worked very hard for the man, they made his breakfast and they scrubbed his floors and they took care of his babies. They didn’t have too much time for us. I wonder about my Momma ,who walked out of a white woman’s clean house at midnight and came back to her own where the lights had been out for three months ,and the pipes were frozen and the wind came in through the holes in the wall. She’d have to make deals with the rats: leave some food out for them so the wouldn’t bite the doors or the babies. The roaches（蟑螂）？Oh ,they were just like part of the family! I wonder how she felt telling those white kids she took care of to brush their teeth after they ate, to wash their hands after they finish bathroom. She could never tell her own kids because there wasn’t soap or water back home. I wonder how my Momma felt when we came home from school with a list of vitamins and pills the school nurse said we had to have .Momma would cry all night , and then go out and spend most of the rent money for pills. A week later ,the white man would come for his eighteen dollars’ rent and Momma would beg him to wait until tomorrow . She had to lie to him that she had lost her wallet or the relief check was coming soon or the white people had some money for her. Tomorrow I’d be hiding in the closet because there was only supposed to be two kids in the flat ,and I could hear the rent man shout at my Momma and call her a cheat. And when he finally went away, Momma put the sacks on her shoes and went off to the rich white man’s house to dress the rich white kids so their mother could take them to a special baby doctor. 60．Mother got up at 6 a.m. every day ,because . A．she had to cook breakfast for her children B．she had to catch the first bus to the factory C．she had to work in the white man’s house D．she had to go to see a special baby doctor 61．Mother never told us to brush our teeth or to wash our hands because . A．she though we didn’t need to B．we didn’t like washing hands C．we had done everything very well D．there was no soap or water in our home 62．Why did the writer hide in a closet when the landowner came for rent? A．The closet could only hold two kids. B．Only two kids were allowed to live in the house. C．They should pay more rent for two kids. D．There was only one bedroom for the two kids. 63．What does the writer mainly tell us? A．Black people lead a miserable life. B．Black people don’t have enough rent money. C．White people lead an expensive life. D．White people have special baby doctors.
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C Britain is facing a sharp rise in its rat population as growing numbers of people leave fast food scraps in the street ,an environment group warned .Keep Britain Tidy said the rodents（啮齿动物）were stopping their traditional hunts underground and were roaming the streets ,tempted by discarded burgers ,pizzas and crisps. “The rat population is on the rise and soon it’ll be as common to see a rodent on our street as it is to see a dog or a cat,” said group Director ,Sue Nelson. The practice of dumping fast food litter and scraps on the street rather than in the trash—with young men the worst offenders—was behind the rise. According to the National Rodent Survey in 2005, Britain’s rat population has grown by nearly one quarter since 2000 and is now estimated at 60 million ,two million more than the human population. On average a rat can give birth every 24—28 days and just a single pair of rats can produce a colony of 2,000 a year. Around 200 people a year get Weil’s Disease –an infection which can lead to liver or kidney（肝肾）failure and eventually death and which is arrived in rat’s waste. To highlight the issue ,Keep Britain Tidy launched a cinema ad entitled “How close do you want them to get?” The ad gave a shocking image of a young woman sleeping in a bed of rots –echoing the nightmare scene from James Herbert’s classic horror tale The Rats, in which mutant rodents begin to prey on（捕食）humans. 64．Where did the rodents use to search for food? A．In the Street . B．Under the ground. C．From the trash cans. D．In burger shops. 65．What is the human population now according to the writer? A．60 million. B．58 million. C．35 million. D．2 million. 66．We may infer from the passage that . A．Weil’s Disease will finally end the world B．pizzas and crisps will become poisonous C．rats will endanger human beings’ life D．young people are blame for the rat population 67．By writing the passage, the author tries to . A．close some of the burger and pizza restaurants B．draw the public attention to the problem of rats C．prevent the rats from growing up D．making advertisement for the classic horror film The Rats
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D We all know what it is like to be unable to turn your head because of a cold in the muscles of your neck, or because an unexpected twist has made your neck ache and stiff. Your whole body feels tight. The slightest move makes you jump with pain. Nothing could be worse than a pain in the neck. That is why we use phrase to describe some people who give you the same feeling. We have all met such people. One is the man who always seems to be clapping his hands—often at the wrong time—during a performance in the theater. He keeps you from hearing the actors. Even worse are those who can never arrive before the curtain goes up and play begins. They come hurrying down to your row of seats. You are comfortably settled down, with your hat and heavy coat in your lap. You must stand up to ;et them pass. You are proud of your self—control after they have settled into their seats…Well, what now…Good God, one of them is up again. He forgot to go to the men’s room, and once more you have to stand up, hanging on to your hat and coat to let him pass. Now, that is “a pain in the neck.” Another, well—known to us all, is the person sitting behind you in the movies. His mouth is full of popcorn; he is chewing loudly, or talking between bites to friends next to him. None of them remain still. Up and down, back and forth, they go—for another bag of popcorn, or something to drink. Then, there is the main sitting next to you at a lunch counter smoking a smelly cigar. He wants you to enjoy it too, and blows smoke across you food into your mouth. We must not forget the man who comes into a bus or subway car and sits down next to you, just as close as you will let him. You are reading the newspaper and he leans over and stretches his rock so that he can read the paper with you. He may even turn the paper to the next page before you are ready for it. We also call such a person a “rubber neck,” always stretching his neck to where it does not belong, like neighbors who watch all your visitors. They enjoy invading your privacy. People have a strong dislike for rubbernecks. They hate being spied upon. 68．Where can you find this passage? A．Medicine dictionaries. B．Social science books, C．Kids’ comic books. D．Science text books. 69．How do you feel when late comers walk back and forth in front of you in a cinema? A．Ignored. B．Bored. C．Disturbed D．Relaxed. 70．A “rubber neck” often . A．says bad words behind people. B．quarrels face to face with neighbors. C．bargains the price with sales women D．asks about other people’s business 71．Which of the follow is a “pain on the neck”? A．Someone who helps you find your seat in a movie theatre. B．Someone who smokes in a smoking section on a train. C．Someone who throws trash out of his car window on the highway. D．Someone who goes to the doctor for his severe pain on the neck.
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EBabies are not just passing idle time when they stare goggle-eyed at the television—they are actually learning about the world, U.S. researchers said. Parents may want t limit what their babies see on television , based on the study, said Donna Mumme, assistant professor of psychology at Tufts University in Boston, who led the research. “Children as young as 12 months are making decisions based n the emotional(情感的)reactions of adults around them,” Mumme said in a statement. “It turns out they can also use emotional information they pick up from television. This means that adults might want to think twice before they speak in a loud and harsh voice or let a baby see television programs meant for information about the world. A mother urging her baby to eat some “yummy” soup on a brother crying in fear when a dog approaches can influence a baby’s reaction. Mumme’s team tested babies to determine. If television has the same influence, showing actors reacting on a videotape to objects such as red spiral letter holder, a blue humpy ball, and a yellow garden hose attachment. Babies aged 10 months or 12 months were later given the same objects to play with. Ten-month-olds did not seem to e influenced by the video buy the 1-year-olds were. When the actors acted neutrally or positively to an object, the babies happily played with them. But if the actor had seemed afraid or disgusted, the babies would avoid the object. 72．Psychology is the study of . A．human’s society and its growth B．human’s hopes had dreams C．human’s mind and behaviors D．human’s languages and cultures 73．Which of the following is Mumme’s conclusion? A．Small babies should not be allowed to watch television programs. B．Adults need to think twice before they act in front of small babies. C．TV programs provide small babies with all the information they need. D．One-year-olds can be emotionally influenced by TV programs. 74．Mumme reached his conclusion by . A．measuring the time babies spent in front of TV. B．making TV programs and advertisements for kids. C．showing actors how to react to blue bumpy balls D．observing small babies’ reactions to TV programs 75．Which of the following may the study lead to according to the researchers? A．Parents may want to limit what their babies see on television. B．Actors may try to behave themselves well in front of babies. C．Babies may be allowed to choose what they see on TV. D．Scientists may stop ignoring babies’ emotional world.
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（三） A I recently spent two years in the Arctic filming the series Blue Planet. I love being in an environment that hasn't changed for 20,000 years. Of course it's freezing, but it must be a healthy place because you never catch colds. When I'm filming, I like to really feel how lonely the environment is. Filming underwater involves cutting through thick ice and diving in tied to a line. The person at the other end has to be ready to pull you out fast if necessary. Originally I was a research diver for the British Antarctic Survey project, but for me science lacked excitement. I'd always enjoyed photography, and whenever camera teams passed through, they encouraged me to watch and learn. I was then able to move into filming in 1985 and have concentrated on Arctic and Antarctic wildlife ever since. I prefer to be faced with the animals I'm filming. I haven't got in the water with killer whales yet, but I plan to. Of course, it's dangerous if you choose the wrong moment. They're big animals and can move fast, so I'd be stupid to film them searching for food! I've never had problems with polar bears, although once I was frightened when one tried to get into my tent. Polar bears are bold, clever and dangerous. But I made this one see I wasn't about to attack it - I'm sure it realised I wouldn't hurt it. When I come home back from my trips, I work in the mornings and spend the afternoons swimming to keep fit. Now I'm fifty, filming is harder. The challenge for me is to continue to deliver high-quality work. 56. In this text, the writer is describing __________. A. the challenges of the environment he works in B. the beautiful scenery of the Arctic C. the career opportunities in TV camera work. D. the difficulties of having to work alone 57. What does the writer say about his early career? A. He was bored by working only in Antarctic. B. It taught him how to become a skilled diver. C. He wasted the years he spent as a scientist. D. It provided him with a chance to learn about filming. 58. When talking about killer whales, the writer says that __________. A. he has always been careful when diving with them B. he tries to avoid any danger by facing them C. he will only film them from a safe distance D. he believes there are safe opportunities to film them 59. How does the writer describe his experience with a polar bear? A. The writer realized he was wrong to trust polar bears. B. The writer felt nervous that the bear might come back. C. The bear seemed to know the writer wasn’t a danger. D. The animal was much more afraid than the writer was.
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B People tend to become more personal and hide less of themselves when using email. Researchers from Open University in Britain have found in a recent study that there are good reasons for this. The team of researchers asked 83 pairs of students, all strangers to each other, to solve a problem. They had to discuss this question: If only five people in the world could be saved from a world disaster, who should they be? The pairs of students had to talk over the problem either face to face or by computers. Dr. Johnson said, “They told their partners four times as much about themselves when they talked over the Internet as when they talked face to face. When the computers were fitted with cameras so that students could see each other, this limited the personal side of the conversation.” Generally the information was not extremely personal. It was mainly about things such as where they went to school, or where they used to live. But some students discussed their love stories, and personal childhood experiences. Dr Johnson believes that emailing encourages people to focus on themselves. And when they do this, they become more open, especially if there are no cameras. “If you cannot see the other person, it becomes easier to talk about yourself. This is because you are not thinking what the other person is thinking of you. So emailing has become the modern way of talking,” said Dr. Johnson. However, this style of talking is not entirely new. “In the 19th century people started to use the ‘telegraph’ to communicate. Now the same kind of thing has happened and people ended up speaking more freely.” Dr. Johnson thinks that emailers need to know about these effects of emailing, especially when they start work in a company. “ If you don’t know about it, you could find yourself saying more about yourself than you wanted to.” 60. The subject discussed in this passage is _______. A. how people open up when emailing B. how people do research studies C. how to communicate at work D. how to discuss and solve a problem 61. The reason that some couples talked freely about themselves is that _______. A. they didn’t talk about very personal things B. they couldn’t see each other C. the cameras on the computers were turned on D. they had to discuss a question 62. What does the underlined sentence refer to? A. The telegraph. B. The computer. C. Emailing. D. Face-to-face talk. 63. In the writer’s opinion, one should ______. A. focus on oneself when emailing B. talk more freely in emails than usual C. discuss any subject that one wants to D. consider how one uses email at work
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C Paris in the springtime was , is and always will be , something rather special . Why not experience it for yourself with this excellent break for four days ? This attractive city has something to offer to everyone and with prices at just £129. Your break begins with comfortable bus transfer (运送) from local pick-up points and travel to Paris is via cross-channel ferry , arriving at your hotel in the evening . The Ibis is an excellent quality hotel with private equipments in all rooms : satellite TV, radio , telephone and alarm clock . It has a bar and restaurant and is situated about two miles south of Notre Dame enabling you to explore Paris with ease . The following day , after continental breakfast (included), the bus takes you on a comprehensive sightseeing tour of the city , during which you will see the Eiffel Tower , Champs Elysees , L’Arc de Triomphe , the Louvre ,in fact almost every famous landmark you have ever heard of . You then leave Paris and take a short drive to the magnificent Palace of Versailles , the home of Louis XIV. The tour ends mid-afternoon back in Paris where you will have the remainder of the day at your leisure (闲暇). In the evening there is a “ Paris by Night” tour showing you the beautiful buildings with bright lights . Day three takes you to Montmarter , Perhaps the most attractive quarter of Paris and home of the Sacre Coeur and the Moulin Rouge . In the afternoon you are free to explore this beautiful city as you wish , perhaps a pleasure voyage on the River Seine , wander around the beautiful gardens or look among the antique shops （古董店）. In the evening you will have the opportunity to visit the best nightclub in the city , the splendid Paradis Latain . On the final day it’s back to the UK via channel ferry . Included in the price of £129 per person : ●Return comfortable bus travel to Paris ●Return ferry crossings ●3 nights housing in a twin bedded room in a Central Paris hotel with private facilities ●Continental breakfast during your stay ●Guided sightseeing tour of “Paris by Day” and Paris by Night” ●Visit to the Chateau of Versailles (admission not included ) ●Tour around Montmartre ●Services of experienced bi-lingual tour guide at all times 63．What is the purpose of this passage ? A．To show the price of traveling to Paris . B．To tell tourists the routs to Paris . C．To introduce the city of Paris . D．To attract tourists to Paris . 64．During the stay in Paris , the tourists will . A．have a “Paris by Night” tour on he first evening B．live in a hotel two miles away from Paris C．have free time for half a day D．have a pleasure voyage on the River Seine together 65．What does the underlined word quarter mean in the passage ? A．An area of a town . B．A period of 15 minutes . C．A coin used in the US and Canada worth 25 cents . D．One of four equal parts into which something ca be divided . 66．According to the passage , which of the following is true ? A．The Palace of Versailles is not in the center of Paris . B．Te tourists can telephone in the Ibis without paying . C．It will take you a long time to got to Montmartre from Paris. D．The tourists will spend the night in the antique shops on the third day .
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D Protests (抗议) at the use of animals in research have taken on a new and fearful character in Britain with the attempted murder of two British scientists by the terrorist (恐怖分子的) technique of the pre-planted car–bomb . The research community (社团) will rightly be alarmed at these developments which have two aims :to draw public attention and to frighten people working in research with animals . The scientists insist that everything should be done to identify those responsible for the crimes and to put them on trial . The Defense Research Society has taken the practical step of offering a reward of £10，000 for information leading to those responsible , but past experience is not encouraging . People are unlikely to be attracted by such offers . The professional police will similarly be challenged by the problem of finding a needle in a haystack . That is why the intellectual (知识分子) community in Britain and elsewhere must act more strongly in its own defense . There are several steps that can be taken , of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared aims of defending the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people . And it will not be enough for the chairman and chairwoman of these organizations to make placatory (安抚的) statements on behalf of all their members . These people should also promise that it will be a test of continuing membership in their organizations that members and would-be members should declare that they will take no part in acts of violence against human beings . 67．The words “these developments” (Linel , Para .2 ) most probably refer to . A．the use of animals in research B．the acts of violence against scientists C．the techniques of planting bombs in cars D．setting up of new animal protection organizations 68．Which of the following is true according to the passage ? A．The police gave up their efforts to find the criminals . B．The terrorists escaped with the help of their organization . C．The attempted murder caused great anxiety among British scientists . D．People supported the animal protectors in spite of their extremist acts . 69．The author’s purpose in writing this article is to demand that animal-protecting organizations . A．give up the use of violence B．declare their aims clearly C．continue the dialogue with the scientific community D．help to fid those responsible for the attempted murder 70．In the author’s opinion , . A．animal-protecting organizations should be declared illegal B．the scientists should take effective measures to protect themselves C．since people can lie , the problem about eh rights of scientists can’t be solved D．animal-protecting organizations should help the police to fight against the acts of violence against scientists
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E Trees should only be pruned (修剪) when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , he number of such reasons is small . Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches , and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way . First , pruning may be done to make sure that trees have desired shape or size . The object may be to get a tree of the right height , and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches , which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape . Secondly , pruning may be done to make the tree healthier . You may cut out diseased or dead wood , or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds . The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air . One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal (愈合) . Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die , so that there is a period when the tree is at risk . It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible . It is important to make the area , which has been pruned , smooth and clan , for healing will be slowed down by roughness . You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the materials available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose . Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference (妨碍) from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed . If this does happen , it is , of course , impossible to paint them properly . 71．Why should running be done ? A．To make the tree grow taller . B．To improve the shape of the tree . C．to get rid of the small ranches . D．To make the small branches thicker . 72．Trees become unhealthy if the gardener . A．To help a wound to dry . B．To cover a rough surface . C．damages some of the small side branches D．Allows too many branches to grow in the middle 73．Why is a special material painted on the tree ? A．To help a wound to dry . B．to cover a rough surface . C．To make a wound smooth . D．To prevent disease entering a wound . 74．A good gardener prunes a tree . A．several times throughout the year B．as quickly as possible C．occasionally when necessary D．regularly every winter 75．What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage ? A．To discuss different methods of pruning . B．To introduce some common knowledge of pruning . C．To explain how trees develop disease . D．To give practical instruction for pruning a tree .
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