| 1. 难度：中等 | |
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The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- _______ six months out of the year. “Of course, we _______ it when the sun is shining,” says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is _______, but down in the valley it’s darker — it’s like on a _______ day.” But that _______ when a system of high-tech _______ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民) of Rjukan _______ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to _______. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that _______ them to turn along with the sun throughout the ________ and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束) of light onto the town’s central ________, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light ________, Rjukan residents gathered together. “People have been ________ there and standing there and taking ________ of each other,” Ro says. “The town square was totally ________. I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3,500 residents cannot all ________ the sunshine at the same time. ________, the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s ________ residents. “It’s not very ________,” she says, “but it is enough when we are ________.” 1.A.only B.obviously C.nearly D.precisely 2.A.fear B.believe C.hear D.notice 3.A.empty B.blue C.high D.wide 4.A.cloudy B.normal C.different D.warm 5.A.helped B.changed C.happened D.mattered 6.A.computers B.telescopes C.mirrors D.cameras 7.A.remembered B.forecasted C.received D.imagined 8.A.repair B.risk C.rest D.use 9.A.forbids B.directs C.predicts D.follows 10.A.day B.night C.month D.year 11.A.library B.hall C.square D.street 12.A.appeared B.returned C.faded D.stopped 13.A.driving B.hiding C.camping D.sitting 14.A.pictures B.notes C.care D.hold 15.A.new B.full C.flat D.silent 16.A.block B.avoid C.enjoy D.store 17.A.Instead B.However C.Gradually D.Similarly 18.A.nature-loving B.energy-saving C.weather-beaten D.sun-starved 19.A.big B.clear C.cold D.easy 20.A.trying B.waiting C.watching D.sharing
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| 2. 难度：中等 | |
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In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively _____ work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work. In any case, despite so much evidence to the _____, many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, ___________, that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from _____ without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers. Different cultures have different ways of _____ people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making — all members of the department or work group are asked to _____ to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general _____. Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional _____ managers cannot. A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without _____ managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing:_____ the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be ______ with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has ______ been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to ______ that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less. Another trend is off-site or ______ management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the ______ of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them. 1.A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike 2.A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme 3.A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise 4.A. outside B. inside C. below D. above 5.A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging 6.A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply 7.A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression 8.A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male 9.A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing 10.A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating 11.A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared 12.A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally 13.A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure 14.A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene 15.A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness
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| 3. 难度：中等 | |
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In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The ___ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of ___ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before. How did we ___ a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to ___ an object than to spend time and money to repair it. ___ modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and ___. Another cause is our ___of disposable(一次性的)products. As ___ people, we are always looking for ___ to save time and make our lives easier. Companies ____ thousands of different kinds of disposable products:paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few. Our appetite for new products also ____ to the problem. We are ____ buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that ____ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we ____ useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world, we can see the ____ of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To ____ the amount of rubbish and to protect the ____, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. ____, this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem. Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions ____ throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about ____. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 1.A. key B. reason C. project D. problem 2.A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products 3.A. face B. become C. observe D. change 4.A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw 5.A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of 6.A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful 7.A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division 8.A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy 9.A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends 10.A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve 11.A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes 12.A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for 13.A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger 14.A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away 15.A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences 16.A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure 17.A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands 18.A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile 19.A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of 20.A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising
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| 4. 难度：中等 | |
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One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. However, life can be _______ when you are not busy finding fault with it. Several years ago I _______ a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always _______ by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and _______ was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really _______ person. Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her _______. Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost _______ to deal with was that the day before the _______, Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her _______ of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to ________. It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became ________ her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to ________ everything so harshly(刻薄). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her ________ as well. Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding, ________ when we’re honest, we can be sharply ________ of the world. I’m not suggesting you ________ problems, or that you pretend things are ________ than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are — ________ most of the time, and especially when it’s not a really big ________. Train yourself to ＂bite your tongue＂, and with a little ________, you’ll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life. 1.A.lonely B.great C.quiet D.uneasy 2.A.received B.answered C.expected D.rejected 3.A.threatened B.interrupted C.bothered D.spoiled 4.A.anything B.everything C.something D.nothing 5.A.caring B.boring C.interesting D.surprising 6.A.attitude B.plan C.measure D.explanation 7.A.urgent B.unnecessary C.certain D.impossible 8.A.occasion B.event C.accident D.adventure 9.A.memory B.notice C.evidence D.choice 10.A.hear B.contribute C.express D.admit 11.A.aware of B.afraid of C.curious about D.confused about 12.A.discuss B.realize C.judge D.settle 13.A.family B.life C.career D.education 14.A.so B.or C.but D.for 15.A.proud B.sure C.hopeful D.critical 16.A.face B.create C.solve D.ignore 17.A.rarer B.better C.stranger D.worse 18.A.at least B.at last C.by far D.so far 19.A.task B.deal C.result D.duty 20.A.practice B.speech C.rest D.pity
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| 5. 难度：困难 | |
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阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C, D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this ________at work in people of all _________. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about _______with their new toys. But their ________soon wear off and by January those_________toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of_________stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s _________interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child________bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the_______of caring the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescent enter high school with great_______but soon looking forward to________. The same is true of the young adults going to the college. And then, how many_________, who complain about the long drives to work, _________drove for hours at a time when they first_________ their drivers licenses? Before people retire, they usually _______to do a lot of_____things, which never had _____while working. But ________after retirement, the golfing, the fishing , the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they _______. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new_________. 1.A. principle B. habit C. way D. power 2.A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages 3.A. working B. living C. playing D. going 4.A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow 5.A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive 6.A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly-collected D. half-filled 7.A. broad B. passing C. different D. main 8.A. silently B. impatiently C. gladly D. worriedly 9.A. promise B. burden C. right D. game 10.A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement 11.A. graduation B. independence C. responsibility D. success 12.A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees 13.A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely 14.A. required B. obtained C. noticed D. discovered 15.A. need B. learn C. start D. plan 16.A. great B. strange C. difficult D. correct 17.A. time B. money C. skills D. knowledge 18.A. only B. well C. even D. soon 19.A. lost B. choose C. left D. quit 20.A. pets B. toys C. friends D. colleagues
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| 6. 难度：中等 | |
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How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is ___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___ die. Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years! When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental ___ until after age 75. People are living longer because more people ___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___. Now that the chances of dying ____ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care. On the whole, our population is getting older. The ____ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ____, not disaster. Today, many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy, still active, and young in ____ if not in age. As our society grows old, we need the ____ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ____ active and be devoted. 1.A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered 2.A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely 3.A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately 4.A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately 5.A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier 6.A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing 7.A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure 8.A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value 9.A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases 10.A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet 11.A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases 12.A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices 13.A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement 14.A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission 15.A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay
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| 7. 难度：中等 | |
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Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the _______, your body clock is confused. You’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are _______ jet lag（时差反应）. Travelers have traditionally fought this _______ with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can work just as _______. For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start _______your biological block to the destination’s time. If it’s daytime in your destination, try to stay _______. Walking around the cabin（客舱） can be of help. When it’s nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight, _______an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new _______ of sleep and wakefulness. 1.A.flight B.change C.demand D.climate 2.A.suffering from B.working on C.looking into D.leading to 3.A.danger B.problem C.waste D.fear 4.A.briefly B.slowly C.suddenly D.effectively 5.A.checking B.sending C.adjusting D.stopping 6.A.awake B.alone C.hungry D.calm 7.A.though B.so C.whole D.or 8.A.understanding B.cycle C.research D.trend
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| 8. 难度：中等 | |
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If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists.____, you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals. In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more____in people’s lives. The____is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture. Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be____They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that____attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone. First Impression To help determine the____of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to____what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened. As it turned out, their____judgments often held true. Students seemed to____at an early stage who would best fit into their lives. The____Knows Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling____to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as____as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people. Face Value Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for____The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we_____attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic. When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to____words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking. 1.A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise 2.A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial 3.A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle 4.A. tested B. impressed C. changed D. created 5.A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions 6.A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions 7.A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall 8.A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature 9.A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question 10.A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand 11.A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior 12.A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted 13.A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals 14.A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess 15.A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritating
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| 9. 难度：中等 | |
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Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and _______ them. Here are some _______ on how to fit in. Every traveler to a foreign country feels _______ at some point. What you do can make locals laugh. Your best defense is a sense of _______. If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as “that crazy foreigner.” Wearing proper cloths is important too, _______ locals will judge by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is _______, especially if you are a woman. So leave your torn jeans at home. Also be cautious about expressing _______. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly. In some countries it is _______ to kiss in public. 1.A. reject B. recite C. respect D. remove 2.A. plans B. tips C. arguments D. choices 3.A. unsafe B. excited C. satisfied D. awkward 4.A. relief B. belonging C. humor D. direction 5.A. but B. for C. so D. or 6.A. forbidden B. allowed C. expected D. tolerated 7.A. emotions B. concern C. interest D. views 8.A. natural B. advisable C. unwise D. unnecessary
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| 10. 难度：中等 | |
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Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have_____feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common ___between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over ___rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the ___. On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for ___the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket. The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different ___to these problems. However, some approaches are more ___than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but ___clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s ___. On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the ____of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to ____their actions. Psychologists say that ____is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should ____to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may ____their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and ____each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. 1.A. natural B. strong C. guilty D. similar 2.A. interest B. argument C. link D. knowledge 3.A. noisy B. crowded C. messy D. locked 4.A. homework B. housework C. problem D. research 5.A. washing B. using C. dropping D. replacing 6.A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes 7.A. complex B. popular C. scientific D. successful 8.A. later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly 9.A. behavior B. taste C. future D. nature 10.A. failures B. changes C. consequences D. thrills 11.A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider 12.A. communication B. bond C. friendship D. trust 13.A. reply B. attend C. attach D. talk 14.A. hate B. scold C. frighten D. stop 15.A. loving B. observing C. understanding D. praising
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