| 1. 难度：困难 | |
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A great variety of guidance for _____ visitors — ideas for what to do in off-peak season, for example, or outside of the city center — can have the effect of diverting them from already saturated landmarks, or discouraging short break away in the first place. A.positive B.influential C.prospective D.visiting
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| 2. 难度：中等 | |
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Local governments can foster this sustainable activity by giving_____ to responsible operators, and even high-paying consumers. A.preference B.substitute C.alternative D.selection
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| 3. 难度：困难 | |
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Un-learning is more difficult than learning because we become_____ to thinking or feeling in certain ways over time. A.mutual B.habituated C.habitual D.verbal
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| 4. 难度：困难 | |
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I suspect_____ Facebook has done to invade our privacy is only the beginning, _____ is why I am considering cancelling my account. A.that, which B.that whatever, which C.that what, that D./, that
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| 5. 难度：简单 | |
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If there are any such adjustments it would suggest that investors had interpreted the information in a biased fashion and hence in a(n) _____ manner. A.efficient B.unefficient C.non-efficient D.inefficient
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| 6. 难度：困难 | |
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A new study ____the marmoset’s reputation for admirable community values. Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones in private than when they are surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members. A.shines B.damages C.affects D.protects
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| 7. 难度：中等 | |
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The city announced severe measures_____ to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible. A.meaning B.to be meant C.meant D.be meant
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| 8. 难度：中等 | |
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Climate change is projected to have far-reaching____ — including sea level rise flooding cities and shifting weather patterns causing long-term declines in agricultural production. A.contributions B.confusions C.consequences D.feedbacks
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| 9. 难度：中等 | |
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The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face, _____ prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most expert agree will come in the future. A.let alone B.let go C.leave alone D.take leave
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| 10. 难度：中等 | |
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Someone who_____ you to something you are not comfortable doing will stress you out. A.asks B.pressures C.strains D.stresses
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| 11. 难度：中等 | |
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The ability of the herd mentality_____ something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena. A.of increasing people’s chance to like or believe B.of increasing people’s chance of liking or believing C.to increase people’s chance of liking or believing D.to increasing people’s chance to like or believe
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| 12. 难度：中等 | |
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There are many “forced riders”，who are suffering from the climate impacts_____ having scarcely contributed to the problem. A.when B.though C.despite D.as
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| 13. 难度：困难 | |
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As late as the middle of the 19th century women voting was _____ common. But women in Europe and North America believed that they should have a____ in their government’s leaders. A.less than, word B.far from, say C.rather than, words D.other than, saying
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| 14. 难度：中等 | |
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A rift valley_____ an area _____ there is increased volcanic activity and thinned planetary crust. A.is composed of, where B.consists of, which C.made up of, where D.compose, when
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| 15. 难度：简单 | |
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The only way to _____ the uncomfortable feeling of financial pressure is to take some kind of positive action. A.relieve yourself from B.relieve yourself of C.relief yourself D.relief yourself of
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| 16. 难度：中等 | |
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The world’s first_____ egg went on sale in a California Whole Foods Wednesday, marking the potential start of an_____ shift in the reliance on corn and soy. A.plant-based artificial, industry-wide B.artificial plant-basing, industry-wide C.artificial plant-based, industry-widely D.plant-basing artificial, industry-widely
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| 17. 难度：困难 | |
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Researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to_____ the person who had used a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat _____ for two weeks at room temperature. A.identify, untouched B.recognize, touching C.distinguish, untouched D.acknowledge, touching
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| 18. 难度：中等 | |
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Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost _____ each year in June. A.normally B.variably C.invariably D.increasingly
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| 19. 难度：中等 | |
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Water covers 71% of Earth’s surface yet only 2% of it is_____ as a source of fresh water. A.invaluable B.accessible C.valuable D.reasonable
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| 20. 难度：中等 | |
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It is not just city residents who _____ water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often require more water than the _____ water supply. A.recycle, provincial B.waste, national C.consume, municipal D.apply, international
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| 21. 难度：简单 | |
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At a time when many public schools are being forced to cut music and art from the curriculum, the story’s insistence on the healing power of a cultivated imagination is both _____ and essential. A.welcoming B.welcomed C.available D.welcome
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| 22. 难度：中等 | |
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The picture offer the best evidence to date that a planet once _____ dead is actually a lively pot of geological change. A.assuming B.assumed C.resuming D.resumed
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| 23. 难度：中等 | |
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The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, _____ when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. A.essentially B.specially C.generally D.especially
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| 24. 难度：中等 | |
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Heat exhaustion is generally_____ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness and sometimes fainting, resulting from an inadequate intake of water and the loss of fluids. A.featured B.characterized C.distinct D.typical
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| 25. 难度：简单 | |
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Always the _____ , Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight, as candles were expensive at the time. A.journalist B.physicist C.chemist D.economist
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| 26. 难度：中等 | |
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This article is for all of the teenagers out there. Even though ____ you are years from being fully grown, society regularly expects you to adult. Yes, you are ____ in many ways: many of you drive and do so quite safely, and you handle schedules that would ____ many adults. But you probably cannot process caffeine (咖啡因) as constantly as your parents can because of your still-growing bodies and brains. I understand it feels grown-up to be drinking a cup of Starbucks. But all of this caffeine may worsen your anxiety, affect tonight’s sleep and tomorrow’s school performance, ____ nutrient absorption and even cause real trouble when mixed with alcohol. The following four aspects may well ____ the theme of this article. The power of caffeine Caffeine is widely considered a drug that is socially acceptable, universally used, even cool, but it still causes ____ symptoms such as headaches, fatigue and a lack of attention when removed from coffee-addicts’ diets. How much is healthy? Caffeine is by no means a nutrient; you do not need it to be healthy. ____, it is a substance that can leave you lacking nutrients because it has been shown to reduce calcium (钙). Caffeine probably causes the body to release water. And the more caffeinated drinks you consume, the less likely you are to drink water. So experts say that adolescents should consume ____ amounts of caffeine a day (≤100 mg). Caffeine’s ____ According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 65 percent of middle and higher schoolers are ____ to insufficient sleep on school nights. Some of their sleep problems can be mainly attributed to (归因于) caffeine, which can remain in the body for seven hours after ____, thus causing teens’ worse performance the next day. It is widely assumed that adequate sleep ____ proper growth and brain development. During childhood and adolescence, the brain goes through a period called synaptic pruning (突触修剪) when unnecessary connections are promoted. Caffeine labelling Caffeine is not listed on the Nutrition Facts column on food labels because it is not a ____. It may be listed as an ingredient, but the amount is not required. Caffeine is now added to foods such as gum, candy and water, along with makeup and beauty products that ____ to reduce swelling (肿块). Taste preferences and eating habits are often cultivated in childhood and adolescence, so teens, when you consume sweet, caffeinated drinks every time you feel sluggish (无精打采的), you are creating a pattern that may be hard to break as an adult. It is advisable to come up with other ____ ways to boost energy so that you can master adulting better than many adults. 1.A. potentially B. necessarily C. developmentally D. materially 2.A. mature B. experienced C. productive D. disciplined 3.A. delight B. frustrate C. liberate D. exclude 4.A. promote B. assist C. intensify D. discourage 5.A. call for B. account for C. turn to D. appeal to 6.A. withdrawal B. addiction C. nutrition D. infection 7.A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Otherwise 8.A. initial B. sufficient C. moderate D. stable 9.A. reputations B. confirmations C. implications D. disadvantages 10.A. subjected B. alerted C. reduced D. opposed 11.A. stimulation B. concentration C. excitement D. consumption 12.A. results from B. contributes to C. benefits from D. attends to 13.A. therapy B. material C. nutrient D. substitute 14.A. fail B. appear C. promise D. happen 15.A. instructive B. comprehensive C. extensive D. alternative
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| 27. 难度：中等 | |
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If you think about the countless number of animal species on our planet, the giraffe is perhaps one of the most interesting. With its unusual pattern and incredibly long neck, it looks like no other animal on Earth. But how did this mammal come to get its famously huge neck? Well, scientists have been asking themselves this question for centuries. The most commonly believed answer is that the massive neck — which measures on average 180 centimeters and weighs about 270 kilograms — evolved to allow the animal to reach the leaves of tall trees. British scientist Charles Darwin was one of the first people to propose this idea in the 1800s.“The giraffe… has its whole frame beautifully adapted for browsing on the higher branches of trees,”he wrote in his famous 1859 book On the Origin of Species. It was Darwin’s belief that the giraffe once had a much shorter neck, but over time, evolution led to longer-necked giraffes being born, which in turn survived as they were able to reach the food that others couldn’t. Yet, there are other theories. According to a paper published in September in the Journal of Arid Environments, the giraffe’s neck evolved to increase its surface-area-to-volume ratio. Because the animal’s neck increases its body’s surface area, it makes it easier for it to keep cool, the paper’s authors wrote. This phenomenon can be seen everywhere in nature, and even in engineering. For example, this is why elephants have such large ears, and why radiators (暖气片) in homes are flat and thin, as a large surface area allows heat to escape quicker. Meanwhile, some believe that competition is the answer. A 1996 study by two South African zoologists argued that the male giraffes with the biggest necks are the ones who “win” access to females to reproduce, as they are better at fighting, meaning that their long necks are passed down through the generations. So, it seems like there’s still no definite answer to the question. But until we find the truth, we should at least enjoy this beautiful and interesting creature for what it is today, rather than wonder about where it came from. 1.What idea did Charles Darwin put forward in his book? A.Giraffe’s necks are 180 cm long and weigh 270 kg on average. B.Giraffes with a long neck are better at fighting. C.Giraffes are a species that is born with a long neck. D.Longer-necked giraffes are able to survive better. 2.What is the article mainly about? A.Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. B.Different functions of the giraffe’s long neck. C.How the giraffe manages to survive in nature. D.Theories about why the giraffe has a huge neck.
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| 28. 难度：困难 | |
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This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles. They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost. The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future. Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel — to check email, say — the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash. “The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says. Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK. An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment. But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless cars’, people expect driverless cars.” Merat says. “You know — no driver.” Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation. Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched. That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo. 1.What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.A place where cars often break down. B.A case where passing a law is impossible. C.An area where no driving is permitted. D.A situation where drivers’ role is not clear. 2.The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to _____ . A.stop people from breaking traffic rules B.help promote fully automatic driving C.protect drivers of all ages and races D.prevent serious property damage 3.What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars? A.It should get the attention of insurance companies. B.It should be the main concern of law makers. C.It should not cause deadly traffic accidents. D.It should involve no human responsibility. 4.What could be the best title for the passage? A.Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability? B.Fully Automatic Cars: A New Breakthrough C.Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed! D.Driverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents
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| 29. 难度：困难 | |
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Directions：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 5 Features about Premium Economy（豪华经济舱） If the sight of your fellow passengers relaxing in premium economy has you filled with envy, you’re not alone. It seems like every airline is providing a few rows of seats that offer just that much more legroom and space. But is it worth the price? Here are five features about premium economy class. 1. Premium economy is pretty much the same on every airline. “1.”, says Zach Honig, editor-in-chief of the The Points Guy. Benefits can include anywhere from 5 to 7 inches of extra legroom, a slightly wider seat and slightly more seat recline (向后倚靠). Other conveniences can include adjustable head rests, leg rests on some carriers, larger personal TV screens, power ports and a better level of food. But frankly, nothing is standardized. 2. You get a meal and free drinks with a premium economy seat. Not on most domestic flights that offer a semblance (表象) of international service. 2. But when it comes to meals, you’ll get a few more bags of free peanuts than they offer in coach and the opportunity to purchase pre- packed in-flight meals before economy-class passengers do. 3. There are others benefits, like free Wi-Fi. You might find furrier pillows and larger blankets, but add-ons like in-flight Wi-Fi usually come along with an additional charge. “3.”, says DiScala of Johnny Jet, who adds, “Some do, so always ask. I made the mistake of buying Wi-Fi on my SAS flight in June. I later learned that premium passengers get it for free.” 4. You get a lot more space. A “lot more space” is very relative. Don’t expect a huge seat, just one that’s somewhat larger than those in economy on the same aircraft. Honig says that “You can expect to find roughly as much space as you’ll get in the domestic first-class cabin on a U.S. airline, or in JetBlue’s ‘Even More Space’ section. It’s definitely more than you’ll have in coach.” 5. 4. “Just as with business class, it’s worth checking the price of premium economy,” says Leff of ViewfromtheWing.com. “The addition may not be very high. Last weekend, I wrote about premium economy on Virgin Atlantic being cheaper than coach. But it may also be much more expensive. Airfares vary dramatically, and that’s as true for premium economy as it is for coach.” A. It all depends on the airline. B. Premium economy is always worth the money. C. In the end, it all comes down to money and how much you think it’s worthwhile to pay more. D. Just as with business class and even regular coach, the seats and product vary significantly from one airline to the next. E. That couldn’t be further from the truth. F. Delta’s Comfort+, gives you slightly more space and a chance to board early.
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