| 1. 难度：困难 | |
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It's a tragedy (悲剧)that could be avoided: every year, more than 400 people in Britain die while waiting for a replacement organ for their bodies. Although organ transplants(器官移植)have been saving lives for more than 60 years, the right body part is often not available at the right time simply because not enough people choose to be donors. Should people therefore be required to allow their organs to be used by others after death? The British Medical Association (BMA), which represents doctors in Britain, says yes. A system of "presumed consent (默许) " would automatically make everyone over the age of 16 an organ donor .Individuals would be allowed to put out, that is to say, decide not to be an organ donor, if that's what they prefer. The BMA points to much higher organ donation rates in countries that have opt-out systems, such as Spain, Belgium, Austria and the Czech Republic. England's chief medical officer, Sir Liam Donaldson, also wants to change the organ-donor system from opt-in to opt-out. All of this sounds like very good news for the 7,500 people in the UK who are waiting for transplants of critical organs, tissues, skin and bones. Britain's National Health Service (NHS) recently counts 14.3 million organ donors on a list which began in 1994. Not everyone wants to participate, however, according to the NHS, 90 percent of the British strongly support organ donation, but only 23 percent are on the organ-donor list. Why the discrepancy(差异)? One reason is that organ donation is a personal matter. Another reason may be indecision: when families are not sure about a dead relative's wishes, 40 percent decide not to donate his or her organs. Interestingly, religion has little to do with a decision not to donate. All six of the main religions in Britain support organ donation and transplantation. The government decided in 2018 how the system of organ donation should work--- without a policy of presumed consent. Opinion among members of parliament (议会) continues to be divided; but the tragedy goes on: as things are now, one in 10 Britons in need of an organ will never get one. 1.What does the tragedy in Para.1 refer to? A.People are required to be organ donors. B.Organ transplants could save lives for more than 60 years. C.More and more donors' organs are not proper for operation. D.Many patients have to die because of no replacement organ. 2.According to Para. 4, most British people______. A.support organ donation without action B.want to participate in organ donation C.are willing to donate their organs D.don't like NHS' activity 3.What' s the main idea of the passage? A.Analyzing the tragedy of organ donation. B.Persuading people to support organ donation. C.Praising those people who donate their organs. D.Listing government' s measures on organ donation.
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| 2. 难度：中等 | |
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When she was studying to become a scientist, Megan Strauss rode in a small airplane to study giraffes. While a pilot flew over the Serengeti in Tanzania, Africa, the researchers looked down carefully and counted giraffes. "I am always amazed how easily we can spot warthogs and other small animals, yet we sometimes have trouble seeing giraffes. Giraffes are slender in shape, and they may not throw a good shadow, " says Dr. Strauss, who has since become a wildlife scientist. The Serengeti is about the size of Vermont, a state in the northeastern US, so the scientists could not study the entire area. Instead, they surveyed three areas where giraffes were studied in the 1970s. As they expected, they saw far fewer of these animals. To find out if lions had been killing more giraffes in recent years, the team looked at the survival of young giraffes. Lions kill more young giraffes than adults, but the team found no decrease in young giraffes' survival after they are born, compared with the 1970s. The team then looked at whether too many giraffes were being killed by parasites(寄生虫).The researchers counted parasite eggs in giraffe droppings, and they found too few to harm the giraffe population. They looked into whether poachers (盗猎者)were killing too many giraffes. Two of the areas they studied are where giraffe meat is sometimes sold in local markets. Poachers catch more adult males than other giraffes. Researchers spotted too few males compared with females in those two areas, a sign of poaching. When the food supply is short, the environment supports fewer giraffes and the females have fewer young giraffes. A lot of new trees have grown in the Serengeti, but many are a type that giraffes do not like to eat. The researchers found fewer young giraffes today than in the 1970s compared with the number of adult females, a sign that food was in short supply. Dr. Strauss is working on an environmental education program for Tanzania including books for students. These materials will educate Tanzanians and help them to help giraffes. As knowledge grows and changes are made, they hope the giraffe population will increase. 1.What did Dr. Strauss find while studying giraffes in the Serengeti? A.It was too costly to study giraffes. B.It was hard to spot giraffes from the air. C.The number of giraffes had increased slowly. D.Giraffes lived in smaller areas than in the 1970s. 2.How did the team study the lion-giraffe relationship? A.By analyzing giraffe droppings. B.By comparing young giraffes with adults. C.By comparing male giraffes and females. D.By surveying the survival of young giraffes. 3.What is Dr. Strauss doing to help giraffes? A.She is founding a national park in Tanzania. B.She is counting giraffes in the entire Serengeti. C.She is educating students to write about giraffes. D.She is raising environmental awareness in local people.
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| 3. 难度：中等 | |
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It began as a game: High school and college students studying computer technology figured out they could use personal computers to break into telephone company computers and make free, long-distance telephone calls. These young computer talents soon gained the name "hackers". Police arrested a few hackers, but many went on to even more complex hacking. One of them was arrested for making illegal telephone calls and later he used a phone to change a police officer's credit records to get back at the officer for arresting him. He also used a computer to change his college records to give himself better grades. As hackers gained experience, they began invading computers at banks, airlines and other businesses. In one case a hacker instructed an airline' s computer to give him free airplane tickets. The U.S. government is worried that hackers may break into its networks of defense computers. The government's secrets are easily attacked because thousands of government computers are connected by telephone lines that hackers can get into. In November 1988, a college student entered a U.S. Defense Department computer network called Arpanet. The hacker injected a computer program that made copies of itself throughout Arpanet. Some hackers use viruses to destroy all the data in a computer. But in this case, government officials shut down the network before the program reached every computer in the system. Shutting down the system angered many researchers who were using the computers. The hacker turned himself in to the police and he was charged with a crime. The incident put the spotlight on computer hacking in the United States. Many companies have hired experts to protect their computers from hackers, and many computer experts now advise companies on how to protect their computers. The U.S. government believes foreign governments have hired hackers to try to break into top-secret defense computers. Experts disagree over whether a computer network can ever be safe from hacking. But in the future, some of the most outstanding minds in the U.S. will be working to frustrate the attempts of computer hackers. 1.What did the first hackers do? A.They broke into government computers. B.They destroyed airplane ticket systems. C.They played computer games. D.They made free phone calls. 2.Why can U.S. government computers be easily hacked into? A.They have no defense systems. B.They are connected by telephone lines. C.They are partly accessible to the public. D.They lack complex processing programs. 3.What happened to the government computers in November 1988? A.They lost all of the important data. B.They were shut down by researchers. C.They were invaded by a college student. D.They got totally ruined by a computer program. 4.What did companies decide to do to protect their computer systems? A.Employ computer talents. B.Build secret defense systems. C.Ask the government for help. D.Collect and analyze the data of hackers.
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| 4. 难度：中等 | |
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New Year's Traditions Around the World There are many traditions around the world to celebrate the New Year. Here's a look at a few of them. Drive off bad luck Many cultures have traditions meant to scare off bad luck. This often involves using fire or loud noises in the form of fireworks! In Scotland, for example, people hold bonfire celebrations. Men from villages walk through the streets swinging giant burning fireballs over their heads. 1.. Food for good luck 2.. In the southern part of the United States , people often eat black-eyed peas and pork for good luck in the New Year. In Spain, as the clock strikes midnight, people eat 12 grapes, which represent the 12 months of the year. It guarantees that the year will be filled with good luck. Clothing traditions Many people like to wear new clothing to start the New Year. In Romania, there is a tradition that involves dressing up in a bear costume .3.,if this won't! In Brazil, some people wear colorful underwear on New Year's Eve. The most popular colors are red and yellow. 4.. Yellow is supposed to bring you money. 5. Many use the start of New Year as a time to try something new or change something about themselves. The New Year is a perfect time to change yourself for the better. That is why many people have the tradition of making a New Year's resolution. It is usually about living healthier or having more success in life. These are just a handful of traditions. Tell us about a New Year's tradition in your culture! A.Learn something new B.I don't know what will scare off evil spirits C.Make a New Year's resolution D.Red is supposed to bring you love E.Food plays an important role in people's life F.And these fireballs are supposed to clean the coming year G.Many cultures have certain diets that are said to bring good luck
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| 5. 难度：中等 | |
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11-year-old TJ had just jumped off the scooter(滑板车)as his neighbor Kim, aged 7, and her sister Julie, 9, looked on. That was _____a man with messy hair appeared. Without a word, he picked Kim up and _______walked away. He held her like a baby.______, the calm way the man held Kim made TJ believe he must have been a ______. But eventually something was not _____. TJ could see Kim's face—she was scared. Her fear turned into________, then begging for help. She began kicking and trying to ____the man's arms." What are you doing?" Julie_____.But the man, undisturbed, walked along the block until he reached an alley and _____. TJ's first ______was to follow them. But how could an 11-year-old kid _____a grown man? So he ran to his grown-up neighbors' home and shouted，" A man______picked up a little girl and took her into the alley!" Then instantly TJ was gone, back on the street 48__his little friend. Once TJ_____the alley, he recognized the man, standing in front of an abandoned house. He was pushing the _____girl through a window. Fortunately, Julie and other neighbors, the police and the mother of the victim soon arrived _____to save the girl. Kim dashed into her mother's _____arms, and the two cried and hugged. Meanwhile, officers_____the man. That news came as no_____to TJ's mother. She thinks this is exactly his _____. And his first thought is not of himself. It's always of others. 1.A.how B.when C.why D.where 2.A.hurriedly B.secretly C.calmly D.anxiously 3.A.On purpose B.After all C.In consequence D.In fact 4.A.father B.relative C.stranger D.neighbor 5.A.right B.common C.harmonious D.reliable 6.A.eagerness B.cheers C.sobs D.silence 7.A.get free of B.throw away C.take hold of D.deal with 8.A.reminded B.warned C.begged D.yelled 9.A.resisted B.survived C.disappeared D.returned 10.A.idea B.impression C.action D.target 11.A.prevent B.attack C.follow D.threaten 12.A.yet B.already C.even D.just 13.A.waiting for B.running after C.playing with D.staring at 14.A.found B.walked C.missed D.reached 15.A.sensitive B.worried C.panicked D.hopeless 16.A.behind time B.against time C.over time D.in time 17.A.warm B.safe C.comfortable D.welcome 18.A.shot B.arrested C.defeated D.fined 19.A.surprise B.prediction C.sense D.reason 20.A.duty B.hobby C.character D.identity
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| 6. 难度：中等 | |
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阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当单词的或括号内单词的正确形式。 Scientists found that air pollution may be responsible 1. a big reduction in 2. (intelligent). Research showed that air pollution led to big falls in test 3. (score) for languages and mathematics. The study called "The influence of air pollution on cognitive (认知的)performance"4.(conduct) over four years ago. Researchers analyzed speaking and mathematics tests 5. (take) by 20,000 people of all ages. They said, "Polluted air may do harm to cognitive ability as people become older. " The study is a warning to the rest of the world ,6.(particular) those in cities. Over 91 percent of the world population live in areas with polluted air,7. is the fourth biggest cause of global deaths. Researchers discovered that the 8.(long) people were exposed to polluted air, the greater their cognitive ability went down. They said air pollution caused a year' s worth of lost education. For those aged over 60, this could be several years. A researcher warned, "There 9.be) no shortcut to solve this issue. Governments really need to take effective measures 10.(reduce) air pollution. "
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| 7. 难度：中等 | |
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假如你是校学生会主席李华，美国一学生访问团将于暑假来你校参观访问。请你写封邮件，将本次活动安排告知该访问团的负责人Mr Smith,并征询他对安排的意见。 活动安排：1，体验中国绘画；2，品尝特色午餐；3，观看地方戏表演。 注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯; 参考词汇： 俗语 saying Dear Trevor, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua
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| 8. 难度：中等 | |
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阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Are you sick of going to bed late and waking up tired? Then grab your hiking boots and a tent. A new study suggests that a couple days of camping in the great outdoors can reset your circadian (昼夜节律的)clock and help you get more sleep. The circadian clock, more commonly known as the body clock, is an internal system that tells our bodies when it's time to go to sleep and when it's time to wake up. Scientists track this clock by measuring the amount of melatonin(褪黑激素)circulating in a person’s blood at any given time. In a healthy sleeper, melatonin levels rise a few hours before bedtime, stay high through the night, and then settle back down when it's time to wake up. In our modern society, however, most of us stay up many hours past sunset and would probably sleep in many hours after sunrise if we could. And the trouble is that your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morning, which leads to grogginess(头晕眼花). It may also have other health consequences as well, such as diabetes(糖尿病), overweight problems and heart disease Professor Kenneth P. Wright of the University of Colorado in the US wanted to see if our body clocks can be reset by a short stay in nature. His team recruited (招收)14 physically active volunteers in their 20s and 30s. Nine went on a weekend camping trip, while the other five stayed home. At the end of the weekend, the researchers reported that in just two days, the campers' body clocks had shifted so that their melatonin levels began to rise more than an hour earlier than they did before they left on the trip. By contrast, the body clocks of the group that stayed home shifted even later over the course of the weekend. ''This tells us we can reset our clocks fast, '' Wright said. Therefore, if you want to change your sleep patterns you could try to increase your exposure to natural light during the day and decrease the amount of artificial light you see at night. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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