| 1. 难度：中等 | |
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The National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine offers awards for highly qualified candidates including recent doctoral recipients (接受者) and senior researchers. Applications are accepted during four annual review cycles (with deadlines of May 1, August 1, November 1, and February 1). Awardees have the opportunity to: ●devote full-time effort to research and publication ●access the excellent and often unique facilities of the federal research enterprise ●cooperate with leading scientists and engineers at the sponsoring laboratories Benefits of an NRC Research Associateship award include: ●1 year awards, renewable for up to 3 years ●allowances ranging from $ 45,000 to $ 80,000, higher for senior researchers ●Health insurance, moving benefits, and a professional travel allowance Desired skills and experience: Applicants should hold an earned doctorate in science or engineering. Degrees from universities abroad should be equal to a degree from a U. S. institution. Some awards are open to foreign nationals as well as to U. S. citizens and permanent residents. About the employer: The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Fellowships Office has managed the NRC Research Associateship Programs in cooperation with federal laboratories and other research organizations since 1954. Through national competitions, the Fellowships Office recommends and makes awards to outstanding postdoctoral and senior scientists and engineers for tenure (终身聘用) as guest researchers at participating laboratories. A limited number of opportunities are available for support of graduate students in select fields. 1.How long does a review cycle last? A.Four years. B.Four months. C.Three years. D.Three months. 2.What can the candidate do once awarded? A.Renew the award for another three years. B.Do medical research in federal laboratories. C.Invent unique facilities for the federal lab. D.Work with leading researchers at the sponsoring laboratories. 3.What is the purpose of the last part of the text? A.To search for partners. B.To encourage studies on science. C.To attract highly qualified candidates. D.To advertise a research institution.
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| 2. 难度：中等 | |
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One spring morning many years ago, I had been prospecting for gold along Coho Creek in southeastern Alaska. Suddenly, no more than 20 paces away was a huge Alaskan timber wolf-caught in a trap. From her appearance, I guessed she had been trapped for several days. She needed my help, I thought. But if I tried to release her, she would turn aggressive to me. The wolf was clearly suffering. The trap's steel jaws had imprisoned two toes. They were swollen and lacerated, but she wouldn't lose the paw (爪子) — if freed. Yet each time I moved closer, she would make a frightening growl. If I could only win her confidence, I thought. It was her only hope. Over the next few days, I divided my time between prospecting and trying to win the wolf's trust. I talked gently with her, throwing her some meat. Gradually, I kept edging closer — though I was careful to remain beyond the length of her trap chain. At dusk on the fifth day, I delivered her dinner. Suddenly, I saw a slight wagging of her tail. I moved within the length of her chain. She remained sill. As a towering man, my heart was in my mouth, though. Within her reach, I wrapped my blanket around myself and slowly settled onto the cold ground. It was long before I fell asleep. The next morning, I slowly placed my hand on the wolf's injured leg. Unexpectedly; she made no threatening move. Then I applied pressure, the trap sprang open, and the wolf pulled free. My experience told me the wolf would vanish into the woods quickly. But cautiously, she crept toward me and sniffed my hands and arms. This went against everything I'd ever heard about timber wolves. Yet, strangely, it all seemed so natural. 1.What happened to the timber wolf? A.She was stuck in a trap. B.Her food ran out. C.Her legs were swollen. D.She was caught in the author's trap. 2.What was the only hope for the wolf to be saved? A.Some food. B.The author's care. C.Her trust in the author. D.Winning the author's confidence. 3.Why was falling asleep difficult for the author? A.He was too close to the wolf. B.The ground was too cold. C.The wolf remained still. D.The wolf wagged her tail. 4.How did the author feel about the outcome of the event? A.It was frightening and surprising. B.It was unexpected but natural. C.It was humorous and natural. D.It was terrifying but encouraging.
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| 3. 难度：中等 | |
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Every year, the Palace of Fine. Arts Theatre in San Francisco fills up with dance lovers. They come to take in experimental works of art that all have one thing in common — hip hop. This weekend the San Francisco International Hip Hop DanceFest, the mission of which is to encourage the evolution of hip hop dance culture while preserving its legacy, celebrates 20 years of presenting exciting hip hop performances. Each DanceFest has diversity of style and group size, and a balance of local and out-of-town companies. The festival has drawn impressive international talents. In fact, outstanding technical dance skills are only a basic standard that the festival organizers are looking for. They look for much more groups or solo artists that think outside the box. Artists that use hip hop in a theatrical way or use it to address social issues are sure to stand out. For instance, the 2010 performance “Tables and Chairs” served to highlight the negative effects of alcoholism on society, warning people against the addiction to alcohol. It would be terribly irresponsible not to mention the founder, Micaya, in any introduction to DanceFest. A popular hip hop dance instructor, Micaya began producing high energy dance shows in the heart of San Francisco in 1993. Students love her classes so much that a San Francisco newspaper once called her “Best Dance Instructor”. However, Micaya was concerned about the doubtful reputation of hip hop. She made it her goal to get hip hop the same recognition and respect as other dance forms. In 1999 she started DanceFest. It was the first festival of its kind to honor the creativity of hip hop dance in a non-competitive atmosphere. To Micaya, competitive formats leave little room for the magic that comes from true expression. One review said, Micaya's festival challenges us “to reconsider just how diverse ... and embracing hip hop can now be.” Indeed, Micaya brings out the best in dancers, and has given San Francisco one of its finest festivals. 1.Why is the San Francisco International Hip Hop DanceFest held? A.To attract international talents. B.To encourage people to play hip hop. C.To show the diversity of hip hop style. D.To promote the development of hip hop dance culture. 2.What does the underlined word “address” in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Handle. B.Discuss. C.Recognize. D.Record. 3.What can we infer about Micaya? A.She was a popular hip hop composer in 1993. B.She made hip hop dance less diverse in 1999. C.She popularizes hip hop dance through the DanceFest. D.She contributes to the increasing competition of hip hop dance. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.The Rise and Fall of Hip Hop B.A Unique Hip Hop DanceFest C.A Famous Hip Hop Dancer D.The Development of Hip Hop DanceFest
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| 4. 难度：中等 | |
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I'm on the phone with a frustrated customer, and a note appears on my computer screen: You are speaking slower than usual. Speed up. I do, and the message disappears, only to be replaced with another: Continuous Speaking — Finish your thought. This is Cogito, an artificial intelligence program designed to help customer service workers communicate more clearly, empathize (产生共鸣) with frustrated callers, and improve their overall performance. Cogito listens to the tone, pitch, word frequency and other factors in customer service conversations. When it detects something wrong-an irritated customer, a call center agent taking too long to respond — it displays a note on the agent's computer telling them how to improve. For anyone who's spent hours of their lives stuck on the phone with an unhelpful or very rude customer service agent, Cogito may seem. like a godsend. And some customer service agents using the software generally say they find it helpful. One employee says that Cogito helped her cut her average call time nearly in half, while another says it helped her speaking slow down. Cogito has been launched to more than sixty call centers across the U. S. over the past year. The company behind the software, Cogito Inc., has raised more than $ 70 million. “We were 45 people a year ago,” says Cogito CEO Josh Feast, whose. company now has 150 employees. At MetLife, managers say that the program improved customer satisfaction by 13%，and helped agents (who take an average of 700 calls a week) to have more “human” conversations. Such software as Cogito is unlikely to stop at the meeting room. But like other enterprise software, it could soon spread well beyond call centers and other offices and into our daily lives. 1.What's the purpose of Cogito program? A.To speed up customer service workers' speaking. B.To store the conversations between customers and agents. C.To improve customer service agents' communication with callers. D.To complain of frustrated callers. 2.What can we infer about Cogito in Paragraph 4? A.Cogito bas been used by sixty call centers in the world. B.The company behind the software benefits a lot from Cogito. C.Josh Feast designed Cogito with the help of employees. D.Customers weren't satisfied with MetLife's service without Cogito. 3.What's the future of Cogito according to the text? A.It'll be part of our normal day-to-day life. B.I'll spread into other offices. C.I'll tell humans what to do. D.I'll replace customer service agents. 4.Where is the text most likely from? A.A novel. B.A brochure. C.A guidebook. D.A magazine.
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| 5. 难度：中等 | |
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Earlier this summer, after packing my rucksack for a wild-camping holiday, I gazed at my belongings, and made a final adjustment to the contents of my bag.1. I quickly emailed my travel companion, a photographer friend called Jacob to make sure I could have some pictures of our trip afterwards, so I could pop a few up on Instagram when I returned. And then I set off, feeling — for the first time in a number of trips — that I was genuinely escaping the stresses and strains of my everyday life.2.Because the way stress locates us, these days, is via our phones. 3.However, I've realized that for a holiday really to function as a holiday, I need an escape from social status anxiety , from caring about “likes”, and from having to photograph every tiny detail of life to prove our existence. When we overshare a glossy version of our trip online, we miss out on talking about our trips when we return, which is part of the joy of travel. Posting in the moment denies us this opportunity to relive (回味) our experience, and prolong that holiday feeling.4. During my three-day Insta-break, my stress levels decrease quickly within 24 hours.5.I made mental notes of funny moments, cultural observations, tips and when I returned, I had interesting, detailed chats with friends about my time away. A.I also changed how I processed the trip itself. B.So I am fully supportive of screen-free holidays. C.I took out my iPhone, and threw it under my bed. D.1 would lose track of my coworkers, my friends and my family. E.None of them could touch me for the next three glorious days. F.So this summer, as you plan your trip, ask if you can delete Instagram. G.As a travel writer, abandoning my phone for my holiday felt like the extreme betrayal.
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| 6. 难度：中等 | |
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My childhood was a fairy tale, until it wasn’t. At age 15, I almost died from a rare medical._______, a disease not fully diagnosed in time. Despite survival, I was left with severe nerve damage to my right leg. To this day, I live in pain every_______moment. I went from being perfectly healthy to_______being able to walk and with that came a(n)_______depression that threatened to swallow me whole — a depression I still_______to this day. As if that wasn’t enough, a year later my family’s house fell down, we had to move into a caravan (大篷车). My following days consisted of going between hospital_______, trying to study for my A-levels and_______in a caravan. In that caravan, I started writing to_______relief from my worries. It was my life line that_______me together as I studied. And from the________of writing then, I’ve just published my first novel. Now let me________my story. Being a girl that was into science and reading________me from other kids. You probably already have a mental________: Yes, I was a real-life Hermione Granger,________to fit in with my peers, with a differing worldview. They still laughed at me. Regardless of the________that came my way, I never felt down for long. After ups and downs,________I found friends who, although amused by my obsession with books and science,________those qualities about me. They encouraged my________. My desire to write and explore science grew stronger. Now, I________with cutting edge technology for an aerospace engineering company. Back home, I write. Last month I published my first________Undercover Thief. 1.A.condition B.research C.accident D.care 2.A.quiet B.right C.other D.single 3.A.typically B.completely C.barely D.exactly 4.A.destructive B.poisonous C.magic D.powerful 5.A.try B.fight C.surround D.attack 6.A.cases B.visits C.examinations D.treatments 7.A.hiding B.living C.reading D.moving 8.A.get B.give C.avoid D.accept 9.A.led B.put C.got D.held 10.A.care B.pain C.love D.fear 11.A.turn up B.put up C.take up D.bring up 12.A.split B.separated C.saved D.told 13.A.thought B.reflection C.shadow D.picture 14.A.struggling B.planning C.refusing D.promising 15.A.warning B.teasing C.greeting D.meeting 16.A.lately B.fortunately C.eventually D.obviously 17.A.valued B.envied C.ignored D.appreciated 18.A.ambitions B.views C.suggestions D.differences 19.A.trade B.work C.study D.write 20.A.report B.painting C.novel D.play
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| 7. 难度：中等 | |
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阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Face masks are reportedly selling out in cities across Asia because of the spread of a deadly new coronavirus. But will these masks stop people1.(catch) the virus thoroughly? We know the coronavirus is airborne (空气传播的),2.can spread easily among people. So it makes sense3.(cover) your nose and mouth. Now two main types of face masks are being used to do that. One is a standard surgical mask. But these masks don't offer full protection4.airborne viruses. They don't fully seal off the nose and mouth, so very small particles can5.(simple) pass through the material of the masks. These masks also leave the wearers' eyes6.(expose)，through which the virus can infect them. The other type, the N95 mask, is7.(effective) than the surgical mask. They can prevent 95 percent of small particles entering the nose and mouth area. But they won't work8.they fit properly. And they aren't suitable for children or people with9.(face) hair. There10.(be) other precautions (预防措施) people can take to avoid catching the virus, such as avoiding large public gatherings, staying at home and washing hands frequently.
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| 8. 难度：中等 | |
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 In the summer holiday, the weather was hot and my parents persuade me to take swimming lessons. I still remember the first day clearly. Before jumped into the water, I thought I had learnt the. teacher's instructions, and once I was in the water, my mind went blank. I forgot that he had taught me. The teacher repeated the word, “Hold your breath!” “Move legs quickly!” “Pushing the water!” I was so much nervous that I moved my hands and legs aimlessly. Exhausted, I felt my body sinking slowly. Luckily, the teacher took me back on time. A few minutes later, he gave me a carefully explanation once again. What unforgettable day!
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| 9. 难度：中等 | |
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假定你是李华，你校交换生David对清明节的习俗很感兴趣。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 清明节简介； 2. 过节的风俗习惯。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 信的开头和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：革命烈士revolutionary martyrs Dear David, I'm glad that you're interested in the Chinese Qingming Festival. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua
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