| 1. 难度：中等 | |
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Each year the Hay Festival attracts some of the world’s leading writers, artists and thinkers, to talk, share their thoughts and ideas and meet audiences. Ensuring guests are warmly received and well looked after during their stay has always been a top mission and one of the Festival’s key jobs. All events management student volunteers need to be attentive and helpful. In return, they get the chance to meet some amazing, creative people, and experience the daily running of a fast-moving international festival, where time-keeping is important and, above all, performers and audience leave having had a thoroughly enjoyable, stimulating (启发性的) and thought-inspiring day. We require volunteers in two areas: Events Management Events management student volunteers help out with a wide range of duties including meeting and greeting authors, assisting with book signings, accompanying artists to events, stage management assistance and manning reception desks. Creative Workshops Creative workshops student volunteers assist authors, illustrators and workshop leaders in the setting up and running of workshops. These roles may interest those who have a particular interest in visual arts and/or illustration. Dates The 2020 festival dates are Thursday 21 May–Sunday 31 May. Applicants will need to be available for the duration of the festival. Who can apply? We are looking for 24 young people between the ages of 18 and 25, who can demonstrate a passion for the arts and interest in events management. Please send a CV and a short covering letter to ellen@hayfestival.com (for Events Management), or adrian@hayfestival.org (for Creative Workshops). The closing date for both applications is 28 February 2020, and we will let applicants know whether they’ve been successful as early as possible in March 2020. Please indicate which role you are applying for or express a preference. If shortlisted (入围), you’ll need to be available for a short Skype interview. 1.What is the priority of the Hay Festival’s duty? A.To meet creative people. B.To exchange ideas. C.To receive more visitors. D.To serve guests well. 2.What must be mentioned in the application letter? A.Available Time. B.The desired role. C.A covering letter. D.Personal interests. 3.What is the deadline for the application? A.20 March, 2020. B.21 May, 2020. C.28 February,2020. D.31 May, 2020.
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| 2. 难度：中等 | |
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I was 16 years old the day I skipped school for the first time. It was easily done: Both my parents left for work before my school bus arrived, so when it showed up at my house on that cold winter morning, I simply did not get on. The perfect crime! And what did I do with myself on that glorious stolen day, with no adult in charge and no limits on my activities? Did I get high? Hit the mall for a shoplifting extravaganza (狂欢)? Nope. I built a warm fire in the wood stove, prepared a bowl of popcorn, grabbed a blanket, and read. I was thrilled and transported by a book—it was Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises—and I just needed to be alone with it for a little while. I ached to know what would happen to Jake Barnes and Lady Brett Ashley and Robert Cohn. I couldn’t bear the thought of sitting in a classroom taking another biology exam when I could be traveling through Spain in the 1920s with a bunch of expatriates (异乡客). I spent that day lost in words. Time fell away, as the room around me turned to mist, and my role –as a daughter, sister, teenager, and student— in the world no longer had any meaning. I had accidentally come across the key to perfect happiness: I had become completely absorbed by something I loved. Looking back on it now, I can see that some subtle things were happening to my mind and to my life while I was in that state of absorption. Hemingway’s language was quietly braiding itself into my imagination. I was downloading information about how to create simple and elegant sentences, a good and solid plot. In other words, I was learning how to write. Without realizing it, I was hot on the trail of my own fate. Writing now absorbs me the way reading once did and happiness is their generous side effect. 1.Why did the author skip school on that day? A.Because her parents left home early. B.Because it was a cold winter morning. C.Because she was fascinated by a novel. D.Because she hated to take the biology exam. 2.What did the author think is the source of true joy? A.Reading by the fire. B.Travelling in Spain. C.Breaking the regulations. D.Being occupied by one’s passion. 3.Which can best replace the underlined phrase “braiding itself into” in the last paragraph? A.Entering. B.Destroying. C.Mending. D.Blocking. 4.What can we infer from the passage? A.I was tired of my real-life roles. B.I learnt how to write on the internet. C.Hemingway’s style influenced me a lot. D.Becoming a writer was my childhood dream.
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| 3. 难度：中等 | |
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Anyone who commutes (通勤) by car knows that traffic jams are an unavoidable part of life. But humans are not alone in facing potential backups. Ants also commute—between their nest and sources of food. The survival of their colonies depends on doing this efficiently. When humans commute, there’s a point at which cars become dense (稠密) enough to slow down the flow of traffic, causing jam. Motsch, a mathematician in Arizona State University, and his colleagues wanted to know if ants on the move could also get stuck. So they regulated traffic density by constructing bridges of various widths between a colony of Argentine ants and a source of food. Then they waited and watched. “The goal was to try to find out at what point they are going to have a traffic jam.” said Sebastien Motsch. But it appears that that never happened. They always managed to avoid traffic jam. The flow of ants did increase at the beginning as ants started to fill the bridge and then levelled off at high densities. But it never slowed down or stopped, even when the bridge was nearly filled with ants. The researchers then took a closer look at how the behaviour of individual ants impacted traffic as a whole. And they found that when ants sense overcrowding, they adjust their speeds and avoid entering high-density areas, which prevents jams. These behaviours may be promoted by pheromones, chemicals that tell other ants where a trail is. The ants also manage to avoid colliding (碰撞) with each other at high densities, which could really slow them down. The study is in the journal eLife. Can ants help us solve our own traffic problems? Not likely, says Motsch. That’s because when it comes to getting from point A to point B as fast as possible, human drivers put their own goals first. Individual ants have to be more cooperative in order to feed the colony. But the research could be useful in improving traffic flow for self-driving cars, which can be designed to be less like selfish humans—and more like ants. 1.What does the underlined word “this” in para.2 refer to? A.Surviving. B.Commuting. C.Finding food. D.Avoiding jams. 2.How did the researchers control the traffic density of the commuting ants? A.By finding out the dense points. B.Through closer observation. C.By controlling the widths of their path. D.By regulating their numbers. 3.According to the research, ants can avoid traffic jams mainly because ________. A.they follow a special route. B.they level off at high densities. C.they never stop or slow down on the way. D.they depend on their natural chemicals to adjust their speeds. 4.What is the best title of the passage? A.Traffic jams. B.Unavoidable? Not for ants! C.Survival of an ant colony. D.Difference between human and ants.
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| 4. 难度：中等 | |
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Back in the early 2000s, lots of people couldn’t have imagined life without alarm clocks, CD players, calendars, cameras, or lots of other devices. But along came the iPhone and other smartphones, and they took over the functions of dozens of things we used to think were essential. The smartphone story could even be a model for fighting climate change; not because smartphones use a small part of the energy of all the things they replace—although they do—but because they represent a different approach to design in general. And that approach is to focus on function rather than form. That requires focusing on understanding the underlying problem, and then engineering a wide range of potential solutions. This approach could revolutionize how we think about energy efficiency. Traditionally, improvements in energy efficiency have mostly focused on individual devices, which can be quite fruitful. But focusing on individual devices is like if Apple had spent effort inventing a better alarm clock, a better CD player, a better calendar, and a better camera. Now with an iPhone, we don’t need the standalone devices at all, because it can function as all of them. So when it comes to using energy efficiently, rather than just installing a more efficient heater, some people have focused instead on the desired function: staying warm. They designed and coated their house so well that they could get rid of their heater altogether, letting them heat their house with 99% less energy. In the same way, rather than just making cars more efficient, what if we focus on the desired function—getting where we want when we want—and create an efficient transportation system where we can drive less or get rid of our personal cars entirely? The most energy efficient car or heater is no car, or no heater, while still being able to get around and stay warm. In other words, it’s not thinking efficient, it’s thinking different. 1.What makes the iPhone a good example of environmental protection? A.Perfecting individual devices. B.Combining possible functions. C.Adopting a minimalist design. D.Reducing the energy consumption. 2.According to the passage, what is the core of improving energy efficiency? A.Using recyclable materials. B.Revolutionizing technologies. C.Figuring out various solutions. D.Concentrating on the essential needs. 3.What does the author think of traditional practices in energy improvements? A.Out-of-date. B.Ineffective. C.Adequate. D.Successful. 4.What can we learn from the passage? A.Think out of the box. B.Differences make it unique. C.Be economical with energy. D.Step out of the comfort zone.
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| 5. 难度：中等 | |
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New Year’s resolutions you should be making about time management You likely already have too many goals and too many disappointments from this past year. So as you look ahead to 2020, the idea of adding more seems kind of exciting but also a bit forbidding. That’s why as a time management coach, I recommend that you do the opposite: 1. Know less It’s okay not to be up-to-date on everything. To cut down on these distractions, you might turn off social media notifications on your phone. 2. Unsubscribe from notification emails or newsletters you don’t read regularly. Resolution: I resolve to be less aware of “interesting” things so I can be interested in and present for the people around me. Care less This one may sound a bit unfeeling.You may want to be a kind and thoughtful person for your friends and family and to serve your clients well. 3. What that means is that you say “No” a lot. Here is a way: I am at the service of my customers Monday through Friday, during the day. 4. Being able to unplug from work in my personal time increases my ability to serve my clients well when I’m in the office. Resolution: 5. Consequently, I can match my time with my highest priorities and take better care of the people closest to me. Is it easy to do less? No. But will it lead you to the best outcomes in the end? Yes. You’ll thank yourself for it at the end of 2020. A.Resolve to do less. B.Contact people face to face. C.I have to manage my time strategically. D.But I don’t feel the need to be available 24/7. E.Alternatively, you could offload the apps altogether. F.I resolve to care less about what others want me to do. G.But you can’t care about everyone who wants your attention professionally.
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| 6. 难度：中等 | |
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One day, my husband, David, and I were taking our dog Joey for his evening walk. We were on our way home, ________ toward a bridge, when I heard some loud noises ahead. As we went near, I could see a(n) ________ sitting on the ground. It was a young man, crying and shouting, with his whole body shaking. I ________ and suddenly realized the ________ of the situation. High-speed trains ran over the bridge and it was a well-known spot for those who wanted to take their own ________. David and I ________ glances. There was no one around. I knew I would never be able to ________ myself if his death was reported the next day and I’d done nothing. I moved ________ toward the man and asked him if I could sit down, and then ________ myself onto the ground opposite him. I tried a few ________ questions: “What’s your name? How old are you? What do you do?” His answers were ________. “Tommy. 23. Computers.” “Are you OK?” I asked. “No, I’m not!” he ________ back. He lost control of his ________ —tears one moment; anger the next. I tried my best to make a ________. I even retold the story of Neil Laybourn, who had ________ a man down from Waterloo Bridge in London 10 years ago. “They’re great friends now.” I said. “Who knows? That could be us.” I was saying anything to calm him down, to show him I was a person who cared, and his life still ________. Then I heard the sound of a train in the distance and knew this was it: the moment he could ________ himself out there. Time slowed down. There was ________. I told him my name, Joey’s name, where I lived, how I was a mother of three. When the train passed, I let out a ________. By this time, Tommy’s cries were slowing down and he was stroking (抚摸) Joey. “He is a(n) ________ little thing, isn’t he?” he said. 1.A.running B.bending C.heading D.leading 2.A.object B.shadow C.body D.figure 3.A.froze B.yelled C.exploded D.hesitated 4.A.difficulty B.seriousness C.importance D.reality 5.A.life B.way C.time D.place 6.A.took B.shot C.stole D.exchanged 7.A.go with B.live with C.conflict with D.deal with 8.A.hopefully B.slowly C.casually D.quickly 9.A.applied B.landed C.dragged D.lowered 10.A.harsh B.tricky C.private D.gentle 11.A.single B.abundant C.simple D.honest 12.A.shouted B.whispered C.answered D.turned 13.A.emotions B.mind C.temper D.behaviours 14.A.contribution B.difference C.connection D.suggestion 15.A.brought B.reached C.forced D.talked 16.A.existed B.continued C.mattered D.suffered 17.A.throw B.push C.drop D.squeeze 18.A.everything B.nothing C.something D.anything 19.A.cry B.sound C.murmur D.sigh 20.A.brave B.sweet C.clumsy D.ugly
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| 7. 难度：中等 | |
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阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Having a vegan diet might sound hard. However, in recent years, veganism (纯素食主义) has become one of 1. fastest-growing lifestyle trends in the world. According to HuffPost, more than 3 million people in the United States are vegans. In the UK, about 542,000 people 2. (choose) veganism over the past decade. What is driving this 3. (grow) in veganism? It is because people want to protect the environment. Producing meat and dairy products 4. (be) stressful for the environment. According to a study, global meat manufacturing causes about 18 percent of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. This figure is 5. (high) than all the world’s cars, trains and planes combined. Another reason is 6. many of today’s young people believe it’s wrong to kill animals for food. For many people, veganism 7. (simple) means eating no meat, cheese or eggs, but going animal-free also applies to fashion and manufacturing. Every year more than a billion animals are killed 8. (make) leather products from their skins. Now, many brands are looking for other materials .The sports brand Puma has made shoes out of pineapple leaves. Tesla is said to be removing animal-based leather 9. its seats. So, if you’re interested in 10. (protect) the environment, you might want to give veganism a try.
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| 8. 难度：中等 | |
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 When I was studying in the UK, my school held a singing contest. I signed up although I really loved singing. I sang with a boy named as Steve. He’s one of my best friend. Unfortunately, I forgot the lyrics for a moment while they sang. I was standing onstage, look nervous. Not surprisingly, we lose the contest. I felt very sadly. Steve comforted me by saying, “There will be another chance.” One week late, at our school’s art festival, we sang a song together again. It was unforgettable and touching afternoon. I want to thank Steve, whom didn’t give up on me when I felt down.
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| 9. 难度：中等 | |
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假定你是李华，是新华中学的学生。外籍教师Ms. Hall将到你班教课。请你代表班级给她写封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 表示欢迎； 2. 简要陈述你们班英语学习方面的问题; 3. 对英语课堂的期望。 注意：1. 词数100左右 2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 Dear Ms. Hall, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua
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