| 1. 难度：中等 | |
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Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. To Be Joyful, To Be Young What really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I1.(learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not. Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point2.(abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully,3.(quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living. When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons(神经细胞)4. (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains! Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face 5.you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower,6.decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are. One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress was more important than 7.was objectively occurring in their lives.8.(give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres(染色体端粒) compared with 9.who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed 10.raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres. In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.
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| 2. 难度：中等 | |
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Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion ofthe cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about filmswe've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple_______. Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we _______ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out——and why; how to deal with difficult_______ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues. So why are wekeen on gossiping? Are we just natural _______, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the reallyimportant issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor RobinDunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really_______issues. Dunbar _______the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities moreeffectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar —_______, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip. Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the _______ of the higher primates likemonkeys. By means of grooming——cleaning the fur by brushing it,monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support inthe event of some kind of conflict within the group or_______ from outside it. As we humanbeings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __________that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __________ it provided; on theother hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close toothers. Grooming helped to __________ the pressure and calm everybody down. But as thegroups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __________ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __________kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would bepossible by one-to-one __________ contact. 1.A.claim B.description C.gossip D.language 2.A.occasionally B.habitually C.independently D.originally 3.A.social B.political C.historical D.cultural 4.A.admirers B.masters C.users D.wasters 5.A.vital B.sensitive C.ideal D.difficult 6.A.confirms B.rejects C.outlines D.broadens 7.A.for instance B.in addition C.on the contrary D.as a result 8.A.motivation B.appearance C.emotion D.behavior 9.A.attack B.contact C.inspection D.assistance 10.A.recalls B.denies C.concludes D.confesses 11.A.prospect B.responsibility C.leadership D.protection 12.A.measure B.show C.maintain D.ease 13.A.saved B.extended C.consumed D.gained 14.A.common B.efficient C.scientific D.thoughtful 15.A.indirect B.daily C.physical D.secret
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| 3. 难度：中等 | |
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What is the single most effective way to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions? Go vegetarian? Replant the Amazon? Cycle to work? None of the above. The answer is: make air-conditioners radically better. On one calculation, replacing refrigerants(制冷剂) that damage the atmosphere would reduce total greenhouse gases by the equivalent of 90bn tonnes of CO2 by 2050. Making the units more energy-efficient could double that. Air-conditioning is one of the world’s great overlooked industries. Automobiles and air-conditioners were invented at roughly the same time, and both have had a huge impact on where people live and work. Unlike cars, though, air-conditioners have drawn little criticism for their social impact, emissions or energy efficiency. Most hot countries do not have rules to govern their energy use. Yet air-conditioning has done quite a lot things to benefit humankind. It has transformed productivity in the tropics and helped turn southern China into the workshop of the world. In Europe, its spread has pushed down heat-related deaths ten times less than what it was in 2003, when 70,000 people, most of them elderly, died in a heatwave. For children, air-conditioned classrooms and dormitories are associated with better grades at school. Environmentalists who call air-conditioning “a luxury we cannot afford” have half a point, however. In the next ten years, as many air-conditioners will be installed around the world as were put in between 1902 (when air-conditioning was invented) and 2005. Until energy can be produced without carbon emissions, these extra machines will warm the world. At the moment, therefore, air-conditioners create a vicious cycle. The more the earth warms, the more people need them. But the more there are, the warmer the world will be. Cutting the impact of cooling requires three things (beyond turning up the thermostat(温度调节器) to make rooms less Arctic). First, air-conditioners must become much more efficient. The most energy-efficient models on the market today consume only about one-third as much electricity as average ones. Minimum energy-performance standards need to be raised, or introduced in countries that lack them altogether, to push the average unit’s performance closer to the standard of the best. Next, manufacturers should stop using damaging refrigerants. One category of these, hydrofluorocarbons, is over 1,000 times worse than carbon dioxide when it comes to trapping heat in the atmosphere. An international deal to phase out these pollutants, called the Kigali amendment, will come into force in 2019. Foot-draggers should approve and implement it; America is one country that has not done so. Last, more could be done to design offices, malls and even cities so they do not need as many air-conditioners in the first place. More buildings should be built with overhanging roofs or balconies for shade, or with natural air-circulation. Simply painting roofs white can help keep temperatures down. Better machines are necessary. But cooling as an overall system needs to be improved if air-conditioning is to fulfil its promise to make people healthier, wealthier and wiser, without too high an environmental cost. Providing indoor sanctuaries of air-conditioned comfort need not come at the expense of an overheating world. 1.Why does the author think air-conditioning is an overlooked industry？ A.Because many hot countries haven’t put the energy-controlling rules into force. B.Because it has caused the same impact on people’s life and work as automobiles have. C.Because it has brought great economic, physical, and educational benefits to humans. D.Because it doesn’t get the due criticism for its environmental impact as automobiles do. 2.What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A.The price of air-conditioning will go up due to the large demand for it. B.A high environmental cost will come along with the air-conditioning service. C.Environmentalists are expecting extra machines which can warm the world. D.Governments partially agree that air-conditioning is a luxury we cannot afford. 3.With regard to the measures to cut the impact of cooling, which of the following statements is TRUE? A.Manufacturers should only stop using hydrofluorocarbons. B.People should avoid turning up the air-conditioners to have cool rooms on hot days. C.People should adopt more environmentally-friendly materials when designing buildings. D.Governments should give a green light to the agreement on eliminating the pollutants. 4.The author writes this passage to _______. A.arouse people’s attention to the global warming. B.appeal for the global joint efforts to combat global warming. C.give credit to air-conditioning for its great contributions to humans D.offer a new perspective on how to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions
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| 4. 难度：中等 | |
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Should You Become a Full Stack Web Developer? Should you become a full stack web developer? What courses should you take to prepare you for the job? Our courses bring you a step-by-step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed. Read on to discover if it’s the right path for you: ●What is a Full Stack Web Developer? A full stack web developer is well skilled in both front and back-end web developing. With knowledge of what it means to build applications from start to finish, a full stack developer can plan, manage, and build software with general know-how. A core difference between front and back-end developers is that front-end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website, while back-end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers, applications, and databases. Combined, they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly. Both skillsets are crucial for being a well-rounded web developer and will give you a leg up when applying for jobs. If you like to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you. ●Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is Growing Because of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer, there are fewer candidates applying for positions, leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates. The job outlook for web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026, which is faster than the average rate for all occupations. With an impressive resume, full stack web developers can make $87,661 on average. ●Get Started Today With the help of the course, you will learn everything you need to know to succeed as a full stack web developer. You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and track your progress as you go. ●Here’s What You’ll Learn in the Courses Build web applications and develop on both the front-end and back-end stacks Learn Ruby on Rails, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript Develop web applications in Javascript using front-end framework, Angular, and hybrid mobile applications with Apache Cordova Design RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration. 1.In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage? A.Arts. B.Science-technology. C.Courses. D.Business. 2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.Front and back-end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and databases. B.Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills. C.The job prospect for web developers isn’t promising in the long run. D.You can’t start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have some experience beforehand. 3.What is the main purpose of this passage? A.To advertise for full stack web developers. B.To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer. C.To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer. D.To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide.
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| 5. 难度：中等 | |
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To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual labourer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend. As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire — for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from the avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path. It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune’s favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their mind. 1.What does “are toiled” in the 2nd paragraph mean? A.have hobbies B.feel pleased C.work very hard D.are busy 2.Which is NOT true based on the first two paragraphs? A.Being late in life to attempt to cultivate hobbies adds to mental stress. B.Great knowledge irrelevant to the daily work can’t guarantee benefit. C.Those tired out for a week’s labour are reluctant to play football on weekends. D.Unfortunate people need discipline to help them build up hope. 3.For those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure, they ______. A.are very willing to work long hours in the office or the factory B.earn a large amount of money due to their hard work for a long time C.are keen to enjoy the pleasure when they are off duty D.usually enjoy themselves in the simplest and most modest forms 4.Which statement will the author agree with according to the 3rd paragraph? A.The first class are lazy and the second class are bound to succeed. B.The second class never need holidays because their life is harmonious. C.The minority are more favoured by fortune because they never stop working. D.One really needs alternation for a change in order to work better.
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| 6. 难度：中等 | |
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Directions：Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentences can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. 1. Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It's important for inner peace. 2. If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is "small stuff". Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. 3. They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you'll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it's only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone-five minutes of successful patience-you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person. Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn't "life or death" but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with. 4.. A. An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practice periods. B. You are more easily annoyed and bothered. C. It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop. D. Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don't like it. E. Without patience, you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt feelings. F. If you lack patience, you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing.
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| 7. 难度：中等 | |
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Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Job Discrimination against Women in China Nowadays, more and more women have walked out of kitchen and become career women instead of housewives. With the increase in the employment ratio of women in society, some subtle forms of job discrimination do exist. To begin with, quite a lot of companies intentionally control the number of female employees when they advertise for staff in the newspaper. Therefore, it is rather difficult for women, even with a master degree, to get well-paid jobs. Some enterprises definitely refuse female applicants, either to avoid their maternity leaves stipulated（规定）by our government when they give birth to a child, or because of the employers’ prejudice against women. Some bosses think women are inferior to men in professional skill and spirit of enterprise. Some companies do employ women staff, but inequality is always there like an increasable spot. Even when men and women are in the same position doing the same job, it is no easy task for a woman to be promoted or get equal pay. The employers take the biased attitude toward female employees, and usually think that a man is more capable than a woman. Sometimes they fire a woman without any good reason. In china, there is a saying“Women hold half of the sky”. But women are not given enough respect they deserve in their career. Since men and women are together playing the same important role in our whole society, our government, as well as the society, should take efficient measures to provide the same job opportunities to women. And the women themselves should enhance their work ethic and awareness of self-reliance and self-protection. In this way, more and more women can be motivated to work well at their favourite job and promoted to their desirable positions. Only in this way, can our society be called an equal, open and just one for everyone.
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| 8. 难度：中等 | |
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Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1.远足是我们接触大自然的最简单方式之一。 (expose) 2.新上映的电影改编自一部极具人气的小说，非常卖座。(which) 3.和孩子们共读一本书，不仅能培养他们良好的阅读习惯，还能引领他们探索未知世界的奥妙。(not only) 4.在很多国家，各种形态优美的家犬已成为最受喜爱的家庭动物，他们与人们朝夕相处，得到了悉心呵护。(care)
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| 9. 难度：中等 | |
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你发现周围很多同学在用手机发短信，玩游戏等，影响了正常学习，请针对这个现象，写一份广播稿，呼吁同学放下手机，多关注身边的人和事。内容包括： 1、简述频繁使用手机的危害性； 2、提出至少三项合理化的建议(多锻炼……)。 注意：1、词数100左右 2、开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 3、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear fellow students, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thank you for your listening.
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